X Corps (Grande Armée)
X Corps (Grande Armée) | |
---|---|
Active | 1807–1814 |
Country | First French Empire |
Branch | Army |
Type | Army Corps |
Size | Two to six divisions, cavalry, artillery |
Engagements | Napoleonic Wars |
Commanders | |
Notable commanders |
François Joseph Lefebvre Jacques MacDonald Jean Rapp |
The X Corps of the Grande Armée was the name of a French military formation that existed during the Napoleonic Wars. The corps was first formed in 1807 and placed under the command of Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre. The unit was responsible for bringing the 1807 Siege of Danzig to a successful conclusion. During the French invasion of Russia in 1812, the corps was reconstituted and Marshal Jacques MacDonald appointed to lead it. The corps contained the Prussian contingent that went on to form the core of the reconstituted Prussian army in 1813.[1] After the retreat from Russia, the corps was given the assignment of holding Danzig under the leadership of General of Division Jean Rapp. The Siege of Danzig lasted from January until November 1813 when the garrison surrendered to a contingent of the Sixth Coalition.
Order of Battle 1812
Corps Commander: Maréchal de France Jacques-Étienne Macdonald, duc de Tarente
- Chief of Staff: Adjudant-commandant Jacques Terrier
- Chief, Artillery: General de division Albert-L.-V. Taviel
- Chief, Engineers: General de division Jacques-D.-M. de Campredon, Chef de bataillon Jean Marion de Beaulieu
- Aide-de-camp: Chef d'escadron Seguier, Capitaine Garola, Capitaine Jules J.-G. de Tamney, Capitaine M. de Beurnonville
7th Division
Commander: General de division Charles Louis Dieudonné Grandjean
- Chief of Staff : Plk. Jozef Nowicki
- Chief, Artillery : Chief d'batallion Farjon
- Adjutant: Capt. Louis Chapuis
- Chief, Engineers : Capt. 1er cl. Roger-P-M-A de Riencourt
- Inspecteur aux revues : S.-ins. aux r. Reybaud (Rayband)
- Aides de Camp: Chief d'batallion Theodore Meynier, Capitain Perrin (Perin), Lt. Maisonneuve
- 1st Brigade
Commander: General de brigade Étienne Pierre Sylvestre Ricard
- 5th Polish Line Regt. Plk. Stefan Oskierko
- 1st Battalion: CdB Ludwik Kaminski
- 2nd Battalion: CdB Jan Godlewski
- 3rd Battalion: CdB Feliks Stokowski
- 4th Battalion: N. (not present)
- Regt Artillery: Kapt. Ignacy Kulesza
- 13th Bavarian Line Regt.: Obst. Franz Baron Schlossberg
- 1st Battalion: Major Caspar Poyk (Poeck)
- 2nd Battalion: Major Franz v. Pillement
- 1st Section, 2nd Bavarian 6 lb. Battery: Untlt. Alois Escher(t) II.
- 2nd Brigade
Commander: General brygady ksiaze Michal Radziwill
Aide-de-Camp: Kpt. Antoni Niesiolowski
- 10th Polish Line Regt.: Plk. Henryk Kamienski
- 1st Battalion: CdB Jan Krassin (Crassin, Krassyn)
- 2nd Battalion: CdB Franciszek Czyzewski
- 3rd Battalion: Nicolas-Joseph (Mikolaj) Daine
- 4th Battalion: N. (not present)
- Regt. Artillery: Kapt. Leneke
- 3rd Brigade
Commander: General de brigade Gilbert Bachelu
- 11th Polish Line Regt.: Plk. Aleksander Chlebowski
- 1st Battalion: CdB Piotr Tzembeck (Szembeck)
- 2nd Battalion: CdB Kazimierz Poniatowski
- 3rd Battalion: CdB Karol Jon(n)emann
- 4th Battalion: N. (not present)
- Regt. Artillery: Kapt. Ostrowski
- 1st Westphalian Line Regt. Col. Georg Ferdinand v. Plessmann
- 1st Battalion: C. de bat. Johann Philipp Bauer
- 2nd Battalion: Capt. (later c. de bat.) David v. Kruse
- Regt. Artillery: Kapt. v. Haustein
- Division (Prussian) Cavalry (detached from 27th Division)
Commander: Obst. Karl F. v. Hunerbein
- 1st Prussian Combined Hussar Regt.: Major Dietrich C. G. v. Cosel
- 1st Leib-Hussaren Regt.:
- 3rd Sqdrn.: Rittm. Karl L. F. Dallmer
- 4th Sqdrn.: Rittm. Meyer
- 2nd Leib-Hussaren Regt.:
- 2nd Sqdrn.: Maj. v. Kurnatowsky.
- 3rd Sqdrn.: Rittm. Karl L. Zastrow
- 1st Leib-Hussaren Regt.:
Division Artillery and Engineers
- 6th Polish Foot Comp.: Kpt. Turdeski
- 1st Polish Horse Comp.: Kpt. Wladyslaw Tomasz Ostrowski
- Garde d'Artie. Polonaise: (detachment)
- 4th Polish Sapper Company: Kpt. Jozef Dobrzyński
Division Train
- 12th Battalion (a l'allemande):
- 6th Train Company: S.-lieutenant Benoist (?)
27th (Prussian) Infantry Division
Commander, Prussian Mobile Corps: Gen. der Inf. Julius von Grawert
2nd in Command: Gen.-Lieut. Hans David Ludwig Yorck
- Chief of Staff : Oberst Friedrich E. v. Roeder
- Quartermaster: Obstlt. Johann F. K. v. Lossau (Genstab.)
- Chief Engineer : Maj. Markoff
- Adjutants: Maj. Anton F. F. v. Seydlitz, Pr.-Lieut. Friedrich Aug. Karl v. Brandenstein (Genstab.), Maj. Johann Alexander v. Traubenfeld (Genstab.), Kapt. Wilhelm K. v. Schack (Genstab.), Pr.-Lieut. Lollhofel v. Lowensprung (Genstab.)
Commander, Prussian Infantry: Gen.-Maj. Friedrich Graf Kleist von Nollendorf
- Chief of Staff: Maj. Ernest H. W. v. Perbandt (Genstab.)
- Adjutants: Maj. Johann F. W. v. Schon, Maj. Heinrich A. E. v. Thile II (Genstab.), Sec.-Lt. v. Rudiger (aggr. zum Genstab.)
Commander, Prussian Cavalry: Gen.-Lt. Friedrich E. v. Massenbach
- Adjutants: Maj. Ludwig E. C. v. Kyckpusch (Genstab.)
- 1st Brigade
Commander: Obst. Hans Franz v. Below
Adjutant: Stabs-Kapit. v. Drygalski
- Inft. Regt. Nr. 1: Maj. Friedrich Wilhelm v. Sjoholm I (2nd Opr. Inft. Regt.)
- Fus. Bat, 1st Opr Inft. Regt.: Maj. Christoph J. H. v. Erammon.
- I Bat, 2nd. Opr. Inft. Regt.: Maj. Ludwig v. Krauthof.
- II Bat, 1st Opr. Inft. Regt.: Maj. Carl v. Kurnatowsky
- Inft. Regt. Nr. 2: Maj. Ludwig F. v. Sjoholm II (3rd Opr. Inft. Regt.)
- Fus. Bat, 4th Opr. Inft. Regt.: Maj. Johann F. v. Pfeiffer
- I Bat, 4th Opr. Inft. Regt.: Maj. v. Lubtow
- I Bat, 3rd Opr. Inft. Regt.: Maj. Karl R. W. v. Beckedorff
- Fus. Bat. Nr. 7:
- Fus. Bat, 2nd Opr. Inft. Regt.: Maj. Friedrich W. v. Funck
- 2nd Brigade
Commander: Obstlt. Heinrich Wilh. v. Horn
Adjutant: St. Kapt. August W. Graf Kanitz
- Inft. Regt. Nr. 3: Maj. Karl F. F. v. Steinmetz (Colb. Inft. Regt.)
- Fus. Bat, 1st Pom. Inft. Regt.: Maj. August Ferdinand v. Borcke
- I Bat, Colb. Inft. Regt.: Maj. Friedrich W. v. Quednow
- II Bat, 1st Pomm. Inft. Regt.: Maj. Carl Ludwig Frhr. v. Linsingen
- Inft. Regt. Nr. 4: Maj. v. Tippelskirch
- Fus. Bat, Leib-Regt.: Maj. August Heinrich v. Reuss
- I Bat, Leib-Regt.: Maj. Konstantin G. L. v. Zepelin and Maj. Friedrich Christoph v. Oertzen
- II Bat, Leib-Regt.: Maj. Julius Gustav Friedrich v. Both
- 3rd Brigade
Commander: Oberst Eugen v. Raumer
Adjutant: Maj. v. Collrepp
- Inft. Regt. Nr. 5: Maj. Ludwig D. K. v. Schmalensee
- Fus. Bat, 2nd Wpr. Inft. Regt.: Maj. Julius L. v. Rudolphi, Maj. Georg W. v Lettow
- I Bat, 1st Wpr. Inft. Regt.: Maj. v. Imbrecht
- I Bat, 2nd Wpr. Inft. Regt.: Maj. Friedrich E. v. Loebell
- Inft. Regt. Nr. 6: Maj. Arwed K. v. Carnall
- Fus. Bat, 2nd Sch. Inft. Regt.: Maj. Karl G. S. v. Lessel
- II Bat, 2nd Sch. Inft. Regt.: Maj. Karl Heinriich v. Ziemietzi
- II Bat, 1st Sch. Inft. Regt.: Maj. v. Happe
- Ostprussian Jäger Bat.: Maj. Vollmar K. F. v. Clausewitz
- 1st Battery, Prussian Arty. Brigade: Uffz. Staffehl (one 3-lbr)
- 1st Cavalry Brigade
Commander: Obst. Wilhelm Jeannert
- 1st Combined Dragoner-Regt.: Maj. Karl Alexander Wilhelm von Treskow
- Litth. Dragoner-Regt.:
- 2nd Sqdrn.: Maj. v. Kameke
- 4th Sqdrn.: St. Rittm. Dresler
- 2nd Westpr. Dragoner-Regt.: Maj. Ernst T. v. Eicke
- 1st Sqdrn.: Maj. v. Manstein
- 2nd Sqdrn.: Maj. Friedrich Frhr. v. Stiern
- Litth. Dragoner-Regt.:
- 2nd Combined Dragoner-Regt.Obstlt. Alexander G. L. M. M. v. Wahlen-Jürgass
- 1st Westpr. Dragoner-Regt.:
- 1st Sqdrn.: Rittm. Karl Weiss
- 3rd Sqdrn.: Rittm. Ernst L. B. v. Printz
- 1st Westpr. Dragoner-Regt.:
- 3rd Combined Hussaren-Regt.: Maj. Ernest T. v. Eicke
- 1st. Schles. Hussaren-Regt.:
- 1st Sqdrn.: St. Rittm. Friedrich A. Kehler
- 3rd Sqdrn.: St. Rittm. Muller
- 2nd Schles. Hussaren-Regt.:
- 1st Sqdrn.: Maj. Johann H. v. Schill
- 2nd Sqdrn.:
- 1st. Schles. Hussaren-Regt.:
(Prussian) Corps Artillery
Commander: Major Johann H. v. Schmidt
- Foot Artillery: Maj. Joh. Friedr. v. Fiebig I.
- Foot Battery No. 1 (6 lb): Pr.-Kapit. Huet
- Foot Battery No. 2(6 lb): Stabs-Kapit. Wegner
- Foot Battery No. 3(6 lb): Stabs-Kapit. Ziegler
- Foot Battery No. 4(6 lb): Pr.-Kapit. Ludwig
- half Battery(12 lb): Pr.-Kapit. v. Roszynski
- Horse Artillery: Maj. Gustav v. Fiebig II.
- 1st Horse Battery: Stabs-Kapit. Johann K. L. v. Zincken
- 2nd Horse Battery: Pr.-Kapit. Georg W. v. Rentzell
- 3rd Horse Battery: Pr.Kapit. v. Graumann
- Artillery Park:
- Park (Munitions) columns:
- No. 1 Sec.-Lieut. Schliew
- No. 2 Sec.-Lieut. Herrmann
- No. 3 Prem.-Lieut. Barenkampff
- No. 4 Pr.-Kapit. Meyer (4th Ft. Comp., Pr. Brig.)
- No. 5 Sec.-Lieut. v. Hertig I (Brand) (8th Ft. Comp., Brand. Brig.)
- Park (Munitions) columns:
- Bridging Column:
- Handwerk Columns: Sec.-Lieut. Lieben (2nd Ft. Btry.)
- No. 1:
- No. 2:
- Handwerk Columns: Sec.-Lieut. Lieben (2nd Ft. Btry.)
Corps Train
- Miners:
- 1st Battalion:
- 3rd Company:
- 5th Company:
- 2nd Battalion:
- 1st Company:
- 1st Battalion:
- Sappers:
- 1st Battalion:
- Sapeurs de I'ile d'Elbe:
- 1st Company:
- 2nd Company:
- Prussian Sappers: (2 companies):
- Marine Bataillion d'ouviers de l'Escaut:
- 17th equipage de flottille:
References
Recommended reading
- Akademja Umiejetnosci, Kraków. Polski Slownik Biograficzny. Kraków, 1935-.
- Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. 56 vols. Leipzig, 1875-1912.
- Almanach Royal de Wesphalie. Cassel, 1812-1813.
- Almanach Imperial. 1812-13. Paris, 1812-13.
- Auriol, Charles. "Retraite du 10e Corps de la Grande-Armée de la Dwina sur Dantzig (1812), Documents Inedits". In La Spectateur Militaire. Vol. 42. Paris, 1888. pp. 226–296.
- Baltische Monatsschrift. 1910-1912.
- Beihefte zum Militar-Wochenblatt. Nr. 8-9. Berlin, 1894. pp. 268–298.
- Bogdanovich, Modest I. Istoriia Otechestvennoi voiny 1812 goda. 3 vols. Spb., 1859-60.
- Charbanier, Jean. "La Grande Armée en Lithuanie et en Courland". In Revue Historique de l'Armée. No. 2, 1973. pp. 29–47.
- Chelminski, Jan and A. Malibran. L'Armee du Duché de Varsovie. Paris, 1913.
- Costantini, A. "Le Marechal Macdonald, Chef du 10e Corps Juin 1812 - Janvier 1813". In Revue Historique de l'Armée. No. 2, 1971. pp. 58–78.
- Dziennik dzialan wojennych 7 dywizji (gdanskiej) w 1812 r. Edited by Janusz Staszewskii. In Rocznik Gdanski Vol. 11. Gdańsk, 1937.
- Defense de Dantzig en 1813 : Journal de Siege : Journal Personnel et Notes du General du Division de Campredon Commandant le Genie du Xe Corps : Lettres Diverses / annotés et publiés par Charles Auriol.@ Paris, 1888.
- Droysen. Das Leben des Feldmarschalls Grafen York von Wartenberg. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1913.
- Eckardt. York und Paulucci. Aktenstucke und Beitrage zur Geschichte der Convention von Tauroggen. Leipzig, 1865.
- Fabry, Gabriel Joseph. Campagne de 1812, Documents Relatifs a l'Aile Gauche 20 Août - 4 Decembre. Paris, 1912.
- Fabry, Gabriel Joseph. Campagne de Russie, 1812. 5 vols. Paris, 1900-03.
- Hartwich, Julius von. 1812. Der Feldzug in Kurland. Nach den Tagbuchern und Briefen des Leutnants Julius v. Hartwich zusammengestellt von Rugiger v. Schoeler. Berlin, 1910.
- Gembarzewski, Bronislav. Wojska Polskie, Ksiestwo Warszawskie 1807-1814. Warsaw, 1912.
- Kirkor, Stanislaw. Pod Sztandarami Napoleona. London, 1982.
- Kreuzwendedich von der Borne. Geschichte des Infanterie-Regiments Prinz Louis Ferdinand v. Preussen, 2. Magdeburgisches Nr 27 von 1815-1895. Berlin, 1896.
- Lossberg, Friedrich Wilhelm von. Briefe in die Heimat. Cassel, 1844.
- Loza, Stanislaw. Legia Honorowa w Polsce 1803-1923. Zamość, 1923.
- Lunsmann, Fritz. Die Armee des Koniglichs Westfalen 1807-1813. Berlin, 1935.
- Marco de Saint-Hilaire, Emile. Histoire de la Campagne de Russie pendant l'Annee 1812.... 2 vols. Paris, [1846-1848].
- Margueron, Cmdt. Campagne de Russie. 3 vols. in 4. Paris, n.d.
- Martinien, A. Tableaux par corps et par batailles des officiers tues et blesses pedant les guerres de l'Empire (1805–1815). Reprint edition.. Paris, Editions Militaires Europeennes, S.d.
- Nafziger, George et al. Poles and Saxons of the Napoleonic Wars. Chicago, 1991.
- Nekrolog of Georg Plessmann in "Frankfurther patriotisches Wochenblatt ...." Nro. 10, 1817.
- Ostrowski, Ant. Zywot Thomasza Ostrowskiego. vol. 1. Lvov, 1872.
- Otechestvennaia voina 1812 goda. Part I, 21 volumes (in 22); Part II, 1 volume. St.-Petersburg, Tipografia ABerezhlivost, 1900-1914. The first 7 volumes of Part I were translated into French by E. Cazalas and published, at the direction of the Section Historique of the French General Staff, under the title ALa guerre nationale de 1812", beginning in 1902.
- Polotsko-vitebskaia starina. Vitebsk, 1911-1916.
- Poniatowski, Jozef, prince. Korrespondencya ksiecia Jozefa Poniatowskiego z Francya. 5 vols. Poznań, 1921-29.
- Das Preussische Heer der Befreiungskriege. Vol.1. Berlin, 1912. Reprint edition, 1982.
- Priesdorf, Kurt von. Soldatisches Fuhrertum. 10 vols. Hamburg, 1936-45.
- Quintin, Danielle et Bernard. Dictionnaire de Colonels de Napoleon. 1996. S.P.M., Paris.
- Rangliste der Koniglich Bayerischen Armee fur das Jahr 1811. Neudruch der Ausgabe 1811. Osnabrück, 1982.
- Rang- und Quartierliste der Preussischen Armee von 1812. Unveranderter Faksimiledruck mit einer Einleitung von Werner Hahlweg. Osnabrück, 1968.
- Rousset, Camille, editor. Souvenirs du Marechal Macdonald, duc de Tarente. Paris, 1892.
- Schoning, Kurd Wolfgang v. Historisch-biographische Nachrichten zur Geschichte der Brandenburgisch-Preussischen Artillerie. Vol. 3. Berlin, 1845.
- Schubert, Franz and Hans Vara. Geschichte des K. B. 13. Infanterie-Regiments Kaiser Franz Joseph von Osterreich. Vol 1. Munich, 1910.
- Seraphim. Der Feldzeug in Kurland 1812. Riga, 1910.
- Seydlitz. Tagebuch des K. Preussischen Armeecorps im Feldzuge 1812. Berlin, 1823.
- "10e Corps d'Armee - Situation au 20. Juin 1812" in Marshal Davout's archive at the S. H. A. T.
- Six, Georges. Dictionnaire Biographique des Généraux & Admiraux Français de la Revolution et de l'Empire (1792–1814). 2 volumes. Reprint edition. Paris, Georges Saffroy, 1974.
- Stalins, Jean-Luc. Ordre Imperial de la Reunion. Paris, 1958.
- Strotha, von. Die Koniglich Preussische Reitende Artillerie vom Jahre 1759 bis 1816. Berlin, 1861. Reprint edition Wiesbaden, 1981.
- Staszewski, Janusz. "Dywizja gdanska w walkach nad Dzwina i w obronie Gdanska (1812–13)". In Rocznik Gdanski Vol. 11. Gdańsk, 1933-34.
- Staszewski, Janusz. "Z dziejow garizonu polskiego w Gdansku w latach 1808-1812". In ARocznik Gdanski Vol. 7/8. Gdańsk, 1937.
- "Die Theilnahme des Preussischen Hulfscorps an dem Feldzuge gegen Russland im Jahre 1812". In Kriegsgeschichtliche Einzelschriften Vol. 4, Heft 24. Berlin, 1898. Pp. vii, 433-566, 5 folding maps.
- Voenno-istoricheskii sbornik. Spb., 1911-16.
- Voigt, Gunter. Deutschlands Heere bis 1918. Ursprung und Entwicklung der eizelnen Formationen. Vol 1 - Die Garde- und die Grenadier-Regimenter 1-12 der preussoischen Armee. Osnabrück, 1980.
- Wesolowski, Zdzislaw P. The Order of the Virtuti Militari and its Cavaliers 1792-1992 (sic)... Miami, 1992.
- Zych, Gabriel. Armia Ksiestwa Warszawskiego 1807-1812. Warsaw, 1961.