List of nicknames of European royalty and nobility: E
Main article: List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility
E
- Eadric the Wild Eadric Sivaticus, Eadric Salvagius [1]
- Eadwig Ætheling
- Ebalus of Aquitaine the Bastard, Ebles Mamzer [2]
- Eberhard III, Count of Wurttemberg, 1344–1392 the Contender
- Earcongota of Kent the Holy Virgin, daughter of Eorcenberht, King of Kent, 640–664
- Eberhard I, Count of Wurttemberg, 1279–1325 the Noble, the Illustrious
- Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg the Bearded, im Bart
- Eberhard II, Count of Wurttemberg der Rauschebart, the Younger, the Illustrious, the Quarrelsome, the Whiner
- Eberhard III, Count of Wurttemberg the Mild
- Eberhard IV, Count of Württemberg the Younger, the Bearded
- Eble, Viscount of Ventadour the Singer
- Ebles II of Ventadour (d.1155) the Singer
- Ebles III of Ventadour the Troubadour, the Minstrel
- Edgar of England the Peaceable, the Peace-making ("...Edgar was called "the Pacific" by chronicler Roger of Wendover, and his reign was remarkably free of wars....")[3] [4]
- Edgar of Scotland the Pacific[5]
- Edgar Ætheling the Outlaw, den Fredlöse, the Aetheling, the Missed King
- Edith Swannesha, the Fair
- Edith of Scotland Good Queen Maude
- Edmund I of England the Deed-Doer
- Edmund II of England Ironside
- Edmund of England the Magnificent
- Edmund de Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March the Good, the Good Earl
- Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York[6]
- Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent Edmund of Woodstock
- Edmund the Martyr [7][8]
- Edo Wiemken, Lord of Jever, 1468–1511 the Young, the Younger
- Edred of Englandthe Weak-in-the-Feet [9]
- Edward I of England the Hammer of the Celts, the English Justinian, Longshanks, the Leopard, the Leopard of England, the Warrior King, the Father of the Mother of Parliaments, the Father of the Longbow, Hammer of the Scots (Lat. Scotorum Malleus)
- Edward II of England Edward of Carnarvon
- Edward III of England Our Comly Kyng, the Avenger of Merchants, the King of the Seas, the King of the Sea
- Edward IV of England Edward of Rouen, the Tanner of Tamworth, the Robber
- Edward V of England Edward of Sanctuary, the Lost Prince, the Prince in the Tower [10]
- Edward VI of England the Boy King, the Pious [11]
- Edward VII of the United Kingdom the Uncle of Europe, the Peacemaker, Good Old Teddy, Tum Tum [12][13] [14][15]
- Edward VIII of the United Kingdom the Digger Prince, Our Smiling Prince, the Prince of Jazz, the Uncrowned King[16]
- Edward, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern the Fortunate
- Edward, Prince of Wales Edward of Westminster [17]
- Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales [17]
- Edward of Savoy the Generous, the Liberal, the Magnanimous [18]
- Edward of Portugal the Eloquent, the Philosopher-King
- Edward, the Black Prince Edward of Woodstock [19]
- Edward the Elder Edward of Woodstock, the Unconquered King [20]
- Edward the Exile d'Outremer, the Exile, the Aetheling, the Outlaw [21]
- Edward the Martyr Edward of Woodstock, the Saint
- Edward Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon (1553 creation) the White Rose of York [11]
- Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset the Protector
- Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby the Hotspur of Debate, Scorpion Stanley, the Rupert of Debate [11][22][22]
- Edwin of Northumbria the Saint
- Edwy of England the Fair, the All-Fair, King of the Churls [23]
- Edzard I, Count of East Frisia the Great
- Egbert II, Margrave of Meissen Egbert of Brunswick
- Egbert of Wessex the Great
- Egino, Count of Achalm (d.1030/39) the Elder
- Egon=Egino IV (I) of Urach (d.1230) the Bearded
- Ehrengard Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal and Munster May-pole
- Einar Paunch-Shaker, a chieftain in North Norway
- Einar Ragnvaldson, Earl of Orkney (d.910) Turf-Einar
- Einar Sigurdsson the Wry-mouth, Krzywousty
- Einion Yrth ap Cunedda the Impetuous
- Einion Sais ap Rhys the Englishman
- Eirik II of Norway the Priest-Hater
- Eithne of Ireland, wife of Hlodvir, Lodver (924–980), 13th Jarl of Orkney, Earl of Caithness the Sorceress
- Ekbert, Count in Amber and Derlinggau (935–994) the One-Eyed
- Ekbert II of Merseburg (d.819) the Loyal
- Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany the Fair Maid of Brittany
- Eleanor of Alburquerque the Rich Lady (Sp. la Rica Hembra)
- Eleanor of Aquitaine Eleanor of the Golden Boots [24]
- Eleanor of Provence la Belle [25]
- Eleanor of Castile the Faithful
- Eleanor Talbot the Holiest Harlot [26]
- Elena Lucrezia Cornaro-Piscopia the First Woman Ever to be Awarded a University Degree [27]
- Elin the Saint [28]
- Elisabeth of Austria (d. 1505) the Mother of Kings [29]
- Elisabeth of Bavaria Sissi, the Diana of Her Day, the Princess Bride, the Seagull [30][31]
- Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Palatine Signora Antica, la Grecque [32][32]
- Elisabeth of Hungary the Saint, the Greatest Woman of the German Middle Ages [33]
- Elisabeth of Parma the Machiavellian, the Parmesan
- Elisabeth of Wied Regina Elisabeta, Carmen Sylva, the Mother of the Wounded [34]
- Eliza Gilbert (1824–1861), Countess of Landsfeldt Lola Montez
- Elizabeth I of England Astraea, Belphoebe, Bloody Bess, Fortune's Empress, Gloriana, Good Queen Bess, the Glory of Her Sex, the Great, the Maiden Queen, the Fairie Queene, the Peerless Oriana, the Queen of the Northern Seas ("...(She) greatly increased the English navy, and was successful against the Spanish Armada, etc."), the Queen of Shepherds, the Virgin Queen [35][36][37]
- Queen Elizabeth II Brenda, Lillibet [38]
- Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury Bess of Hardwick ("...She built Hardwicke Hall, and founded the wealth and dignity of the Cavendish family.")
- Elizabeth of Belgium the Red Queen ("...Her obvious sympathy for liberal causes earned her the indulgently affectionate nickname, 'the Red Queen.'...") [39]
- Elizabeth of Bohemia England's Rose, the Pearl of Britain, the Queen of Hearts ("...This unfortunate Queen of Bohemia was so called in the Low Countries, from her amiable character and engaging manners, even in her lowest estate."), the Rose of England, the Snow Queen, the Winter Queen [35][40][41][42]
- Elizabeth of Kiev the Gold-Decked Maid [43]
- Elizabeth of Pomerania the Strong
- Elizabeth of Portugal the Peacemaker,[44] Patroness of Peace,[45] Holy Queen Isabel,[46] the Angel of Peace[47]
- Elizabeth of Russia the Northern Harlot, the Infamous, the Infamous Northern Harlot [11][35]
- Elizabeth Alexeievna of Russia Psyche, the Serene Empress
- Elizabeth of Valois the Peacemaker, de la Paz
- Elizabeth Bathory Hungary's National Monster, the Blood Countess, the Bloody Countess of Čachtice Castle, the Countess Dracula[48][49][50]
- Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Buffy, Cookie, the Dowdy Duchess, the Fat Scotch Cook, the Favorite Grandmother, the First Lady of the Turf, the Last British Empress, the Last Great Edwardian Lady, the Merry Mischief, the Most Dangerous Woman in Europe, the Original Queen of Hearts, the Queen Mother, the Queen Mum, the Smiling Duchess, the Upmarket Alf Garnett[36][51][52][53]
- Elizabeth Brodie the Good Duchess, Duchess of Gordon[54]
- Elizabeth FitzGerald the Fair Geraldine[55]
- Elizabeth Hamilton la Belle Hamilton[56]
- Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Somerset Carrots
- León, 976–975 the Chaste
- Emeric of Hungary (saint) the Saint
- Emma of Anjou the Saxon, wife of Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd[57]
- Emma of Normandy the Rose of Normandy, the Pearl of Normandy, the Gem of Normandy, the Fair Maid of Normandy, the Flower of Normandy' [58]
- Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont the Queen Mother [59]
- Emmanuel, comte de Las Cases the Wise [35]
- Emmanuel, marquis de Grouchy the Last Marshal of the Empire [60]
- Emmanuel Lebrecht, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, 1671–1704 the Posthumous
- Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy the Iron Head [61]
- Emund of Sweden Slemme, the Old
- Engelbert I of Sponheim (1046–1096), Margrave of Istria the Elder
- Engelbert II of Nassau-Breda (1451–1504) the Glorious
- Enguerrand I of Ponthieu Isambard [62]
- Enguerrand III, Lord of Coucy the Great, the Builder, the Greatest Baron in All Picardy [63]
- Enguerrand of Saint Pol Candavene [64]
- Enrico I del Caretto, Margrave of Savona, 1176 il Guercio
- Henry of Castile the Senator
- Eochaid I, High King of Ireland the Heremon
- Eochaid IV of Dalriada the Poisonous
- Eochaid, King of Tara, c.360 Slaves-Lord
- Eochaid Binnigh the Tuneful, son of Eogan the Lion, King of Tyrone
- Eochaid mac Domangairt the Crook-Nose (Riannamail), Roman Nose [65]
- Eochaid Mugmedon the Slave Lord
- Eogan (Eachan), King of Tyrone the Lion
- Eoin Mac Dougall, King of Mann, 1315–1317 Lame Sir John, the Lame
- Eoin MacDonald of the Isles (1326–1387), 1st Lord of the Isles Dubh
- Eon de Beaumont Chevalier d'Eon, the Cavalier, the Mad Cavalier [35][35]
- Ercole d'Este I the Diamond, the Lame, the North Wind [66]
- Erekle II the Little Kakhetian
- Erlend Haraldsson the Young, the Younger
- Ermenilda of Ely the Saint
- Ernicule, Count of Boulogne (976–?) the Little Arnulf
- Estefania Alfonso la Desdichada (the Unfortunate), natural daughter of Alfonso VII of Castile and Urraca Fernandez de Castro
- Eric I of Denmark the Evergood, the Good
- Eric I of Norway Bloodaxe, Blodoks [67]
- Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (1384–1427) Eric Sejr, the Victor
- Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Kalenberg, 1495–1540 the Old
- Eric II, Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg the Elder
- Eric II of Denmark the Memorable, Emune
- Eric II, Duke of Schleswig the Long Legs, the Long-Legged
- Eric III of Denmark the Lamb
- Eric III, Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg the Young, the Younger
- Eric IV of Denmark Ploughpenny
- Eric V of Denmark Klipping, Glipping, Clipping, The One Who Blinks
- Eric VI of Denmark Menved (Man's word)
- Eric VI of Sweden the Haughty, the Victorious
- Eric VII of Sweden the Pagan
- Eric IX of Sweden the Lawgiver, the Law-mender, the Saint
- Eric XI of Sweden the Lame, the Lisp and Lame the Stuttering and Lame
- Eric XIII of Sweden the Pomeranian
- Eric Emundsson of Uppsala Weather-hat
- Eric of Schleswig, Duke of Langeland (1272–1310) the Long Bone
- Erik the Red [68]
- Ermanaric, King of the Ostrogoths, 350–376 the Gothic Alexander
- Ermengol I, Count of Urgell He of Córdoba (Sp. El de Cordoba) ("...In 1010 he went with his brother Ramon Borrell de Barcelona to the famous expedition to Còrdova and was one of the Catalan great men who died in the victorious battle of Aqabat al-Baqar.") [69]
- Ermengol II, Count of Urgell the Pilgrim (He went to the Holy Land where he died.) [70]
- Ermengol III, Count of Urgell He of Barbastro (Sp. El de Barbastro) ("He was killed in battle with the Moors in Barbastro. "...He took part successfully in the siege and conquest of Barbastre (1064) and died during the counter-attack of the Sarracens to this town (1066), which defence was in charge of.") [71]
- Ermengol IV, Count of Urgell He of Gerp (Sp. El de Gerp) ("...He died during the successful storming of the castle of Gerb.") [72]
- Ermengol V, Count of Urgell He of Mayeruca, He of Mollerussa (Sp. El de Mayeruca) (He died fighting the Almoravids in a place called Mayeruca.) [73]
- Ermengol VI, Count of Urgell He of Castile (Sp. El de Castilla) [74]
- Ermengol VII, Count of Urgell He of Valencia [75]
- Ermengol VIII, Count of Urgell He of San HIlario [76]
- Ermengol X of Urgell Ermengol de Cabrera (Sp. Ermengol of Cabrera) (He belonged to the House of Cabrera, the second dynasty of Counts of Urgell)
- Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen (1305–1367) a Göttingen
- Ernest I, Duke of Luneburg, 1522–1546 the Pious
- Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha (1601–1675) the Pious
- Ernest, Count of Ottenburg-Grogling the Stern
- Ernest, Duke of Austria the Iron Duke
- Ernest, Duke of Bavaria the Forceful [77]
- Ernest of Austria (Babenberg) the Brave, the Quarrelsome, the Stern
- Ernest of Austria (Habsburg) the Iron
- Ernst August V, Prince of Hanover Prügelprinz (The Prince who likes to hit others with large sticks)
- Esclarmonde of Foix the Great Esclarmonde (Fr. la Grande Esclarmonde)
- Ethelburga of Faremoutier the Saint
- Ethelfled (d.963/964) the Fair, wife of Edgar of England
- Ethelfleda of Hertford (d.c.964) the White Duck (Eneda), wife of Edgar, King of England
- Ethelfleda the Lady of the Mercians
- Ethelred Mucil, Earl of Mercia (d.912) Mucil, the Great
- Ethelred the Unready the Unready, the Unread, Redeless, Without Counsel[4]
- Étienne François, duc de Choiseul the Driver of Europe ("The duc de Choiseul, minister of Louis XV., was so called by the empress of Russia, because he had spies all over Europe, and ruled by them all the political cabals.") [57]
- Etienne de Vignolles, Lord of Longueville la Hire [78]
- Eudes I, Duke of Burgundy the Red, Borel
- Eudes I, Count of Vermandois the Mad [79]
- Eudes of Roucy (d.1021) the Strong [64]
- Eudoxia the Young, the Younger, daughter of Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor
- Euphrosyne of Polatsk the Saint [80][81][82]
- Eustace I of Boulogne a l'Oeil
- Eustace II of Boulogne aux Grenons, aus Longues Moustaches, Gernobadatus [83]
- Eustace II, Lord of Fiennes the Old [84]
- Eustace de Vesci the Surety, the Magna Carta Baron [85]
- Eustache II, Lord of Rœulx le Valet [64]
- Eustache III, Lord of Rœulx Canivet [64]
- Eustache IV, Lord of Rœulx Campulus [64]
- Eustache, Lord of Roeulx Canivet [64]
- Eustachius, Count of Konski the Father of the Poor [86]
- Eva MacMurrough Red Eva, Roe Eva
- Évariste de Forges de Parny the French Tibullus [11]
- Ewen Cameron of Lochiel the Black, the Ulysses of the Highlands [35][35]
- Eystein I of Vestfold the Fart
- Eystein Ivarsson the Clatterer, the Noisy
- Eystein Throndsson, Jarl of the Opplands, the Severe
- Ezzelino (I) da Romano Balbo [87]
- Ezzelino II da Romano (d.1180) the Stammerer, il Monarco [87]
- Ezzelino II da Romano (d. 1223), Podestà of Treviso and Vicenza the Monk
- Ezzelino III da Romano the Son of the Devil
- Empress Matilda the Empress, the Lady of the English
Regnal Name
- Eric I of Pomerania: Eric of Pomerania
- Eric III of Norway: Eric of Pomerania
- Eric VII of Denmark: Eric of Pomerania
- Eric XIII of Sweden: Eric of Pomerania
Notes
- ↑ "Geocities - Athens". Archived from the original on October 25, 2009. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20051109072901/http://nygaard.howards.net/files/2/1471.htm. Archived from the original on November 9, 2005. Retrieved March 11, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "Vikings and Feudal Europe 900-1095 by Sanderson Beck". San.beck.org. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- 1 2 "Timeline: 947-1016". Anglo-Saxons.net. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "House of Canmore". Nwlink.com. Archived from the original on June 9, 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "NFP: Images of Prince Edmund Langley (1341-1402) - Duke of York 1385-1402". Nashfordpublishing.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Edmund the Martyr". Newadvent.org. 1909-05-01. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "St. Edmund". Ewtn.com. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Eadred (Edred)". Archontology.org. 2010-03-14. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Princes of Wales". englishmonarchs.co.uk.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Free Online Literature and Study Guides". Bibliomania. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ Monday, Mar. 16, 1936 (1936-03-16). "GREAT BRITAIN: Teddy, Queen Mary & Buick". TIME. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Royal Funerals - Exploring 20th Century London". 20thcenturylondon.org.uk. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Prophets, Priests and Kings - King Edward VII". Oldandsold.com. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20060909145441/http://www.naa.gov.au///Publications/research_guides/guides/royalty/chapter02.htm. Archived from the original on September 9, 2006. Retrieved March 24, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Monday, May 16, 1927 (1927-05-16). "SPAIN: El Principe de Jazz". TIME. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- 1 2 Mike Mahoney. "Princes of Wales". Englishmonarchs.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ http://www.savoydelegation-usa.org/biographies_gallery.asp?path=1323%5Fedward%2Ejpg&page=1. Retrieved March 26, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070205101422/http://www.100greatblackbritons.com/bios/queen_phillipa.html. Archived from the original on February 5, 2007. Retrieved March 11, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "Vol I File 2: The Paternal Ancestry of Homer Beers James". Homepages.rootsweb.com. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Saint Margaret of Scotland". Newadvent.org. 1910-10-01. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- 1 2 https://web.archive.org/web/20070210174137/http://www.number10.gov.uk/output/Page147.asp. Archived from the original on February 10, 2007. Retrieved March 26, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ The pictorial history of England ... - George Lillie Craik, Charles McFarlane, Hans Claude Hamilton - Google Books. Retrieved 2011-09-21 – via Google Books.
- ↑ "Shambolic mental health services overrun with cases - Letters". www.smh.com.au. 2005-02-14. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ The queens of England and their ... - Francis Lancelot - Google Books. Retrieved 2011-09-21 – via Google Books.
- ↑ "640-9". Members.pcug.org.au. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Dott. Elena Lucrezia Cornaro-Piscopia". Boglewood.com. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20040821045834/http://www.luth.se/luth/present/sweden/history/royals/queens/queens.shtml. Archived from the original on August 21, 2004. Retrieved March 17, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070212030544/http://www.kasprzyk.demon.co.uk/www/GreatDynasties.html. Archived from the original on February 12, 2007. Retrieved March 15, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "Elisabeth of Austria (1837 - 1898) - Find A Grave Memorial". Findagrave.com. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑
- 1 2 "biolexicon.pdf" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "St. Elizabeth". Ewtn.com. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ delamaincreativity.com (1916-02-18). "Book - Blouse Roumaine - Queen Elisabeth of Romania". Constantin Roman. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Free Online Literature and Study Guides". Bibliomania. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- 1 2 "Lifting the lid on royal nicknames (From The Argus)". Archive.theargus.co.uk. 2002-03-04. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ Sobriquets and Nicknames. Retrieved 2011-09-21 – via Google Books.
- ↑ "Home of the Daily and Sunday Express | Express Yourself :: Odd rituals of a Royal Christmas". Express.co.uk. 2007-12-16. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Elisabeth of Belgium (1876 - 1965) - Find A Grave Memorial". Findagrave.com. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Elizabeth (Bohemia) Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Elizabeth (Bohemia)". Encyclopedia.com. 2005-07-17. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Free Online Literature and Study Guides". Bibliomania. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ Webmaster, John Duncan, UK - http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/ (2010-02-11). "History of the Jacobites, The Scottish Jacobites - UK History". Scotshistoryonline.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Kievan Rus Database (Princess: Elizabeth Yaroslavna)". Unc.edu. 2009-12-26. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Elizabeth of Portugal". Newadvent.org. 1909-05-01. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ Susan H. Swetnam (1 June 2010). My Best Teachers Were Saints. Loyola Press. pp. 141–. ISBN 978-0-8294-3045-5.
- ↑ Douglas L. Wheeler; Walter C. Opello (10 May 2010). Historical Dictionary of Portugal. Scarecrow Press. pp. 161–. ISBN 978-0-8108-7075-8.
- ↑ "Maria J. Cirurgiao and Michael D. Hull". Ewtn.com. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ Dennis Bathory-Kitsz. "Báthory Erzsébet - Elizabeth Bathory: The Story is True". Bathory.org. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Countess Elizabeth Bathory - The Blood Countess — Clandestine Entry — Crime Library on truTV.com". Crimelibrary.com. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Istria on the Internet - Legends - Vampires". Istrianet.org. 2009-08-16. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ Ben Summerskill (2002-03-31). "Millions grieve for a gracious Queen | UK news | The Observer". London: Observer.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070408052526/http://etoile.co.uk/Columns/RoyalScribe/050627.html. Archived from the original on April 8, 2007. Retrieved March 24, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Lucy Moore (2002-03-31). "A wicked twinkle and a streak of steel | UK news | The Observer". London: Observer.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Overview of Elizabeth Gordon". Scottish-places.info. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "A Compendium of Irish Biography - Letter F". Booksulster.com. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "ulsterbiography.co.uk". ulsterbiography.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- 1 2 "Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction and the Drama, Vol. 1". Manybooks.net. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Athelston, Notes". Lib.rochester.edu. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Legends: Queen Emma's Ordeal by Fire". Britannia.com. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Adversaries". Wellington15.tripod.com. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "History of the House of Savoy". Regalis. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070313143223/http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/France/Dynastie_de_Ponthieu.htm. Archived from the original on March 13, 2007. Retrieved March 10, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "the coucy castle". Perso.orange.fr. 2001-04-18. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cawley, Charles (20 June 2012), Northern France Nobility, Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy,
- ↑ "Descendants of Tuathal and his descendant, Donald Gorm mac Ranald progenitor of Clan Mac Dhomhuill / Clan MacDonald-Pg.1". Islandregister.com. 2001-02-15. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "D'Este, Isabella and Beatrice". Xenophon-mil.org. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "History - Ancient History in depth: Eric Bloodaxe". BBC. 2011-02-17. Archived from the original on February 5, 2009. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070210033301/http://www.vikingworld.dk/jellinge91.htm. Archived from the original on February 10, 2007. Retrieved March 10, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana". Grec.net. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana". Grec.net. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana". Grec.net. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana". Grec.net. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana". Grec.net. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana". Grec.net. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana". Grec.net. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana". Grec.net. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Vorlesung Schmid: Bayern im Spaetmittelalter - 14. und 15. Jahrhundert, Material 7". Uni-regensburg.de. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Charles d'Albret". Perso.orange.fr. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ "Roots web - page 306". Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070217093149/http://www.catholic-forum.com/Saints/sainte69.htm. Archived from the original on February 17, 2007. Retrieved March 17, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070213220713/http://kolas.bas-net.by/bla/e_indx.htm. Archived from the original on February 13, 2007. Retrieved March 17, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "The Ecole Glossary". .evansville.edu. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070312004553/http://www.hostkingdom.net/Languedoil.html. Archived from the original on March 12, 2007. Retrieved March 28, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "The Ancestry of Elizabeth FitzAlan (and her sister Joan FitzAlan)". Cybrary.uwinnipeg.ca. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070202010336/http://magnacharta.org/magna_charta_barons_at_runnymede.htm. Archived from the original on February 2, 2007. Retrieved March 23, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "The Courtly Lives of Polish Kings, Nobles Lineage of Saint Hyacinth". Angelfire.com. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- 1 2 Cawley, Charles (12 June 2011), NORTHERN ITALY 900-1100, Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy,
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