Retiro, Buenos Aires

Retiro
Barrio


Emblem[1]

Location of Retiro within Buenos Aires
Country Argentina
Autonomous city Buenos Aires
Comuna C1
Important sites

Retiro station,
Florida Street,

Plaza San Martín
Area
 • Total 2.8 km2 (1.1 sq mi)
Population (2001)
 • Total 45,002
 • Density 16,000/km2 (42,000/sq mi)
Time zone ART (UTC-3)

Retiro is a barrio (district) in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Located in the northeast end of the city, Retiro is bordered on the south by the Puerto Madero and San Nicolás barrios, and on the west by the Recoleta barrio.

Urban character

Santa Fe Avenue
The Torre Monumental and the Retiro railway station

Retiro is one of the largest hubs of transportation services in Argentina, and is home to many high-end stores and residential areas popular among both local wealthy gentry and expatriate executives. About 26,000 of its people, however, including thousands of illegal immigrants, live in the "Villa 31" shantytown built along the Port of Buenos Aires from the 1930s onwards.[2] Local and long distance rail service heading to the north originate from Estación Retiro (Retiro train terminal), also a major long-distance bus terminal (Terminal de Ómnibus) is located adjacent to the station, subte line C of the Buenos Aires Metro system and numerous local public bus services, this area is always teeming with commuters and traffic on weekdays.[3]

A major thoroughfare is Avenida del Libertador, which becomes Avenida Leandro N. Alem past the Retiro train terminal. Avenida Leandro Alem runs north-to-south along the Buenos Aires Central Business District, which Retiro shares with the San Nicolás ward; the Retiro section of the business district is centered on the Catalinas Norte office park, initially built in the 1970s over docklands developed a century earlier by Francisco Seeber. Other principal streets and avenues in Retiro are Santa Fe, Córdoba, and Libertador Avenues, pedestrian Florida Street, and Avenida 9 de Julio.[3]

The Retiro section of Florida Street was the site of Harrods Buenos Aires, originally the London department store's only overseas affiliate, from 1914 to 1998; the abandoned landmark continued to host art shows and Tango festivals, and permits were obtained in 2009 to reopen the retailer.[4] Another Retiro landmark spared demolition was the Ortiz Basualdo Palace. Completed in 1912 as a private residence, it was acquired by the French Government for use as its Embassy in Argentina in 1939. When entire blocks of housing were razed to make way for an extension of the Avenida 9 de Julio in the late 1970s, the embassy was spared due to its landmark status, and remains the lone building in the midst of intense traffic.[5] The neighboring Pereda Palace, built in 1920, serves as the official residence of the Ambassador of Brazil.[6]

Retiro is home to a number of five star hotels, including the Four Seasons, Marriott Plaza, Sheraton, and Sofitel. The oldest of these, the Marriott Plaza, was opened in 1909 and faces Plaza San Martín, to the north of which lies the train terminal and the Plaza Fuerza Aérea Argentina (formerly Plaza Británica), where the Torre Monumental (formerly Torre de los Ingleses) is located; the palladian monument was donated by the Anglo-Argentine community for the 1910 centennial celebrations, and suffered several acts of sabotage in the wake of the 1982 Falklands War. Also nearby are the Basílica Santísimo Sacramento, the upscale Patio Bullrich shopping arcade, the Estrugamou Building, the Fernández Blanco Museum, and the Peace Plaza - the site of the former Israeli Embassy, which was bombed on March 17, 1992, with a toll of 29 dead and 242 wounded, marking the first known South American incident of Middle East-related terrorism.[3]

The numerous government agencies headquartered in the district include the Ministry of Foreign Relations, the Air Force, the Navy, the National Mint, and the Rail Transport Agency; the former Hotel de Inmigrantes, the primary point of entry for millions of immigrants from 1911 to 1953, is also in Retiro and today serves as a national museum.

Plaza San Martín

Across the street opposite Retiro train terminal is the leafy Plaza San Martín, surrounded by great palaces and hotels. The Retiro lowlands were once the training grounds for General José de San Martín's Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers, and the modern-day Plaza San Martín features an equestrian monument to the hero of the Argentine War of Independence, as well as a memorial to the dead in the Falklands War.[3]

The most significant landmark opposite the plaza is the Kavanagh building, a reinforced concrete structure finished in 1936 that, at the time, was the tallest building in Latin America at 120 metres (394 ft). Funded by a feisty Irish Argentine woman, the Kavanagh stands on the northern end of pedestrian Calle Florida,[7] and its construction followed the plaza's extensive redesign, which resulted in the demolition of a number of derelict buildings from the colonial era, though also of the original National Museum of Fine Arts, an ornate pavilion used for the 1889 Paris Exposition. Other architecturally significant landmarks facing the plaza include the Paz Palace, the San Martín Palace, and the Olivetti and Pirelli skyscrapers, which were among the first in the city built in the International Style.

District of Retiro

References

  1. ↑ "The emblems of the 48 barrios of Buenos Aires were presented" (Spanish) by ámbito.com August 29, 2011
  2. ↑ Aprobaron urbanizar la villa 31 de Retiro (Spanish)
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Retiro". Barriada.
  4. ↑ "Planean la reapertura de la histórica tienda Harrods". Clarín.
  5. ↑ "Por segunda vez en su historia, abrió el Palacio Ortiz Basualdo". La Nación.
  6. ↑ "Palacio Pereda". Embassy of Brazil.
  7. ↑ "El Kavanagh y sus 70 años de historias". La Nación.
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Coordinates: 34°35′41″S 58°22′33″W / 34.59472°S 58.37583°W / -34.59472; -58.37583

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