Markham, Ontario

Markham
City (lower-tier)
City of Markham


Flag

Coat of arms
Logo
Nickname(s): The High-Tech Capital
Motto: Leading While Remembering

Location of Markham within York Region
Markham

Markham in relation to southern Ontario

Coordinates: 43°53′N 79°15′W / 43.883°N 79.250°W / 43.883; -79.250Coordinates: 43°53′N 79°15′W / 43.883°N 79.250°W / 43.883; -79.250
Country Canada
Province Ontario
Regional Municipality York Region
Communities
Settled 1794
Incorporated 1872 (village)
1972 (town)
2012 (city)
Government
 • Mayor Frank Scarpitti
 • Deputy Mayor Jack Heath
 • Regional Councillors Jim Jones, Joe Li, Nirmala Armstrong
 • MPs
 • MPPs
Area[1]
 • Total 212.58 km2 (82.08 sq mi)
Elevation 200 m (700 ft)
Population (2011)[1]
 • Total 301,709 (16th)
Demonym(s) Markhamite
Time zone EST (UTC−5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC−4)
Forward sortation areas L6B, L6C, L6E, L6G, L3P, L3R, and L3S
Area code(s) 905, 289
ISO 3166-2 CA-ON
Website www.markham.ca

Markham (/ˈmɑːrkəm/) is a city in the Regional Municipality of York within the Greater Toronto Area of Southern Ontario, Canada. At the 2011 Canadian census it had a population of 301,709.[1] Markham's population in 2015 was estimated at 342,000 through The Region of York population census data monitoring. The city is the fourth-largest community within the Greater Toronto Area after Toronto, Mississauga and Brampton and is the York region's largest municipality.[2] Markham is also Canada's 16th largest city. Markham changed its status from town to city on July 1, 2012.[3]

The city gained its name from the first Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada, John Graves Simcoe (in office 1791–1796), who named the area after his friend, William Markham, the Archbishop of York from 1776 to 1807. The first European settlement in Markham occurred when William Berczy, a German artist and developer, led a group of approximately sixty-four German families to North America. While they planned to settle in New York, disputes over finances and land tenure led Berczy to negotiate with Simcoe for 64,000 acres (260 km2) in Markham Township in 1794.[4] Through much of Markham's history the community has been described as an agricultural community. A turn towards a more urbanized community within the township began after World War II when the township began to feel the effects of urban encroachment from Toronto. The completion of Highway 404 during the mid-1970s accelerated urban development in Markham.[5]

As of 2013 tertiary industry mainly drives Markham. As of 2010 "business services" employed the largest proportion of workers in Markham – nearly 22% of its labour force.[6] The city also has over 1,100 technology and life-sciences companies, with IBM as the city's largest employer.[7][8] A number of multinational companies also have their Canadian headquarters located in Markham, including: Honda Canada, Hyundai,[9] Advanced Micro Devices,[10] American Express,[11] Johnson & Johnson, Avaya,[12] IBM,[13] Motorola,[14] Oracle,[15] Toshiba,[16] Toyota Financial Services [17] and Honeywell.

History

Farmers lined up to sell cream at Albert Reesor's Locust Hill Creamery, c. 1900

Markham was first surveyed as a township in 1793 by William Berczy, who in 1794 led 75 German families including the Ramers, Reesors, Wheters, Burkholders, Bunkers, Wicks and Lewis from Upstate New York to an area of Markham now known as German Mills.[18] Each family was granted 200 acres (0.81 km2) of land; however the lack of roads in the region led many to settle in York (now Toronto) and Niagara. German Mills later became a ghost town. Between 1803 and 1812, another attempt at settling the region was made. The largest group of settlers were Pennsylvania Dutch, most of whom were Mennonites. These highly skilled craftsmen and knowledgeable farmers settled the region and founded Reesorville, named after the Mennonite settler Joseph Reesor.[19] In 1825, Reesorville was renamed to Markham having taken the name of the unincorporated village (see Markham Village, Ontario).

By 1830, a large number of Irish, Scottish and English families began immigrating to Upper Canada, many settling in Markham.[20] Markham's early years blended the rigours of the frontier with the development of agriculture-based industries. The many rivers and streams in the township soon supported water-powered saw and gristmills and later wooden mills. With improved transportation routes, such as the construction of Yonge Street in the 1800s, along with the growing population, urbanization increased. In 1842 the township population was 5,698; 29,005 acres (117.38 km2) were under cultivation (second highest in the province), and the township had eleven gristmills and twenty-four sawmills.[21] By 1850, the first form of structured municipal government formed in Markham.[22]

By 1857, most of the township had been cleared of timber and was under cultivation. Villages like Thornhill, Unionville, and Markham greatly expanded.[23] In 1851 Markham Village "was a considerable village, containing between eight and nine hundred inhabitants, pleasantly situated on the Rouge River. It contains two grist mills ... a woollen factory, oatmeal mill, barley mill, and distillery, foundry, two tanneries, brewery, etc., a temperance hall and four churches... ."[24] In 1871, with a township population of 8,152,[25] the Toronto and Nipissing Railway built the first rail line to Markham Village and Unionville, which is still used today by the GO Transit commuter services.

In 1972, Markham was incorporated as a town, as its population skyrocketed due to urban sprawl from Toronto. In 1976, Markham's population was approximately 56,000. Since that time, the population has more than quintupled with explosive growth in new subdivisions. Much of Markham's farmland has disappeared, but is still found north of Major Mackenzie Drive. Controversy over the development of the environmentally sensitive Oak Ridges Moraine will likely curb development north of Major Mackenzie Drive.

As of 2006, Markham comprises six major communities, which include Berczy Village, Cornell, Markham Village, Milliken, Thornhill, and Unionville. Since the 1980s, the city has been recognized as a suburb of Toronto. Many high-tech companies have head offices located in Markham for the relative abundance of land, low tax rates and good transportation routes. Broadcom Canada, ATI Technologies (now known as AMD Graphics Product Group), IBM Canada, Motorola Canada, Honeywell Canada and many other well-known companies have chosen Markham as their home in Canada. Hence, the city has been branding itself as Canada's "High-Tech Capital". An Ontario Historical Plaque was erected in front of the Markham Museum by the province to commemorate the founding of Markham's role in Ontario's heritage.[26]

Town council voted on May 29, 2012, to change Markham's legal designation from "town" to "city"; according to councillor Alex Chiu, who introduced the motion, the change of designation merely reflects the fact that many people already think of Markham as a city.[3] Some residents objected to the change because it will involve unknown costs without any demonstrated benefits. The designation officially took effect on July 1.[3]

Geography

Suburban tract housing in northeastern Markham
Townhomes in Cachet, Ontario

Markham covers an area of 212.47 km2 (82.04 sq mi) and Markham's City Centre is at 43°53′N 79°15′W / 43.883°N 79.250°W / 43.883; -79.250. It is bounded by 5 municipalities; in the west is Vaughan with the boundary along Yonge Street between Steeles Avenue and Highway 7 and Richmond Hill with the boundary along Highway 7 from Yonge Street to Highway 404 and at Highway 404 from Highway 7 to 19th Avenue and Stouffville Road. In the south, it borders Toronto with the boundary along Steeles Avenue. In the North it borders Whitchurch–Stouffville with the boundary from Highway 404 to York-Durham Line between 19th Avenue and Stouffville Road. In the East it borders Pickering along the York-Durham Line.

Topography

Markham's average altitude is at 200 m (660 ft) and in general consists of gently rolling hills. The city is intersected by two rivers; the Don River and Rouge River, as well as their tributaries. To the north is the Oak Ridges Moraine, which further elevates the elevation towards the north.

Climate

Markham borders and shares the same climate as Toronto. On an average day, Markham is generally 1–2 °C (1.8–3.6 °F) cooler than in downtown Toronto. It has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) and features warm, humid summers with significant rainfall occurring from May to October and cold, snowy winters. The highest temperature recorded was 37.8 °C (100 °F) on August 8, 2001, and the lowest temperature recorded was −35.2 °C (−31 °F) on January 16, 1994.[27]

Neighbourhoods

Skyline of Markham viewed from Highway 7 and Town Centre Blvd. Unionville High School, FLATO Markham Theatre, and City Hall are the three buildings to the left.

Markham is made up of many original 19th century communities (many of which, despite being technically suburban districts today, are still signed with official 'city limits' signs on major roads) and/or each with a distinctive character:

Thornhill and Unionville are popularly seen as being separate communities. Thornhill actually straddles the Markham-Vaughan municipal boundary (portions of it in both municipalities). Unionville is actually a single community with three sub-communities:

Demographics

2011

According to the 2011 Canadian Census,[29] the population of Markham is 301,709, a 15.3% increased from 2006, which is approximately 3 times faster than Canada as a whole. Markham's land mass is 212.58 km2 with a population density is 1,419.3 people per km2. The median age is 39.6 years old which is slightly lower than the median age of Canada at 40.6 years old.

Most residents in Markham can speak English (91.0%), and only a small portion can speak French (1.7%). Many other languages can be spoken in high quantity in Markham, such as; Cantonese (19.9%), Chinese - not specific (9.6%), Mandarin (9.4%), Tamil (6.4%), Hindi (3.0%), Nepali (2.9%), Urdu (2.9%), Gujarati (2.4%), Persian (2.3%), Punjabi (2.2%), Tagalog (2.2), Italian (2.1%) and more. 57.2% of the population's mother tongue was neither English nor French.

According to the 2011 National Household Survey, 89.3% of Markham's residents are Canadian citizens, and about 14.5% of residents are recent immigrants (from 2001 to 2011). The racial make up of Markham is; East Asian (39.7%), White (27.5%), South Asian (19.1%), Southeast Asian (3.9%), Black (3.2%), West Asian & Arab (3.2%), Latin American (0.5%), Aboriginal (0.2%), and 1.9% of the population is multiracial while the rest of the population (0.7%) is of another group. Markham has the highest visible minority population of any major Canadian city (over 100,000 residents) at 72.3%, and is one of eight major cities with no majority racial group.

Religiously speaking, 29.9% of Markham's population does not affiliate with any religion. For those who do, the religious make up is Christian (44.1%), Hindu (10.1%), Muslim (7.3%), Buddhist (4.4%), Jewish (2.4%) and Sikh (1.4%). The rest fall into another category.

Religions in Markham
Religion Percent
Christianity
  
 44.1%
Hinduism
  
 10.1%
Islam
  
 7.3%
Buddhism
  
 4.4%
Judaism
  
 2.4%
Sikhism
  
 1.4%
Irreligious/No affiliation
  
 29.9%
Distribution of religions (2011 NHS)

As far as education goes, for those who are 25 to 64 years old, the highest levels of education are as followed; 69.5% of people have a post-secondary schooling degree, 20.5% have a high school degree (or equivalent too) and 10.0% have nothing. The unemployment rate is 8.1% in Markham which is similar to the national average at 7.8%. The median household income before taxes is $86,022, and after taxes at $75,135, which is a quite a bit higher than the national average at $54,089.

The median value of a household in Markham is $500,741 which is 1.8 times higher than the national average at $280,552.

Canada 2011 Census Population % of Total Population
Ethnicity group
Source: NHS 2011 Profile		 Chinese 114,950 38.3
White 82,560 27.5
South Asian 57,375 19.1
Black 9,715 3.2
Filipino 9,020 3.0
West Asian 6,185 2.1
Arab 3,400 1.1
Korean 3,160 1.0
Southeast Asian 2,750 0.9
Other visible minority 1,995 0.7
Latin American 1,600 0.5
Multiple visible minority 5,805 1.9
Aboriginal 485 0.2
Total population 300,140 100


Mother Tongue [30] Percentage
English 38.5%
Cantonese 15.8%
Chinese, not otherwise specified 10.4%
Tamil 4.9%
Mandarin 4.8%
Urdu 2.1%
Persian 1.9%
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 1.6%
Gujarati 1.6%
Panjabi (Punjabi) 1.5%
Italian 1.4%

Government

City Council

Markham City Council consists of Frank Scarpitti as mayor, four regional councillors and eight ward councillors each representing one of the city's eight wards. Scarpitti replaced Don Cousens, who was a former Progressive Conservative MPP for Markham and a Presbyterian church minister. The mayor and four regional councillors are elected by the community to represent the City of Markham at the regional level. Councillors are paid by the municipality for their services, but in many municipalities, members of council usually serve part-time and work at other jobs as well. The current members of council were elected by the residents to a four-year term of office, in accordance with standards set by the province. The selection of members for the offices of mayor and regional councillors are made town-wide, while ward councillors are elected by individual ward.

Markham Civic Centre

Markham Civic Centre

The city council is located at the Markham Civic Centre at the intersection of York Regional Road 7 and Warden Avenue. The site of the previous offices on Woodbine Avenue has been redeveloped for commercial uses. The historic town hall on Main Street is now a restored office building. The Mayor's Youth Task Force was created to discuss issues facing young people in the city and to plan and publicize events. Its primary purpose is to encourage youth participation within the community.

Elections

Main articles: Markham municipal election, 2006; Markham Ward 3 by-election, 2009; and Markham municipal election, 2010

By-laws

The city is permitted to create and enforce by-laws upon residents on various matters affecting the town. The by-laws are generally enforced by City By-Law enforcement officers, but they may involve York Regional Police if violations are deemed too dangerous for the officers to handle. In addition the by-laws can be linked to various provincial acts and enforced by the town. Violation of by-laws is subject to fines of up to $20,000 CAD. The by-laws of Markham include:

Toogood Pond

City services

Fire engine of Markham Fire and Emergency Services

Police

There are no courts in Markham, but the city is served by an Ontario Court of Justice in Newmarket, as well as an Ontario Small Claims court in Richmond Hill. There are also served by a Provincial Offence Court in Richmond Hill. The Ontario Court of Appeal is located in Toronto, while the Supreme Court of Canada is located in Ottawa. Policing is provided by York Regional Police at a station (5 District) at the corner of McCowan Road and Carlton Road and Highway 7. Highway 404, Highway 407 and parts of Highway 48 are patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police. Toronto Police Service is responsible for patrol on Steeles from Yonge Street to the York—Durham Line.

Fire

Markham Fire and Emergency Services was established in 1970 as Markham Fire Department and replaced various local volunteer fire units. There are 9 fire stations currently serving Markham. Toronto/Buttonville Municipal Airport is also served by Markham's Fire service.

Hospitals

The main healthcare facility in the city is Markham Stouffville Hospital, located in the far eastern end. Markham is also home to Shouldice Hospital, one of the world's premier facilities for people suffering from hernias. For those living near Steeles, they sometimes will be able to receive treatment at The Scarborough Hospital Birchmount Campus in Toronto/Scarborough.

Education

Post-secondary

Seneca College, Markham Campus

Markham currently does not have any universities itself, but Seneca College has campuses at Highways 7 and 404 and at Buttonville Municipal Airport. In May 2015, York University announced plans to open a new campus in the Markham Centre area, in collaboration with Seneca College.[31][32]

Primary and secondary schools

Markham has a number of both public and Catholic high schools. All have consistently scored high on standardized tests and have some of the highest rate of graduates attending universities.

The York Region District School Board operates secular Anglophone public schools. The York Catholic District School Board operates Anglophone Catholic schools. The Conseil scolaire Viamonde operates secular Francophone schools, and the Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud operates Catholic Francophone schools.

Economy

In the 19th century Markham had a vibrant, independent community with mills, distilleries and breweries around the Highway 7 and 48 intersection. The Thomas Speight Wagon Works exported products (wagons, horsecars) around the world, and Markham had a reputation as being more active than York (the former name for Toronto) early on. Most of these industries disappeared leaving farming as the main source of business.

Light industries and businesses began to move into Markham in the 1980s attracted by land and lower taxes. Today, it claims to be "Canada's Hi-Tech Capital" with a number of key companies in the area, such as IBM, Motorola, Toshiba, Lucent, Honeywell, Apple, Genesis Microchip, and is home to the head office of graphics card producer ATI (recently merged with AMD). Over 1,100 technology and life science companies have offices in Markham, employing over one fifth of the total workforce.[33] In 2014, the top five employers in the city in order are IBM Canada, the City of Markham, TD Waterhouse Inc., Markham Stouffville Hospital and AMD Technologies Inc.[34]

Yogen Früz has its headquarters in Markham.[35]

Markham also maintains economic and cultural cooperation agreements with the city of Laval, Quebec, which is the second largest city in the Greater Montreal area.

Performing arts

Markham Theatre

Markham is home to several locally oriented performing arts groups:

A key arts venue is the 'Markham Theatre For Performing Arts', at the Markham Civic Centre located at Highway 7 and Warden Avenue.

Culture

Thornhill Village Library, built 1851

Until the 1970s, Markham was mostly farmland and marsh, as reflected in events like the Markham Fair. Markham has several theatres, Markham Little Theatre at the Markham Museum,[36] the Markham Youth Theatre, and the Markham Theatre.

The Markham Public Library system has 7 branches, with over 600,000 items in its collections.

Markham offers a mix of activities for its residents to promote its idea of being a place for all. It does this through cultural, entertainment and institutional activities in hopes that its residents will find one or more of these events attractive. Activities are also free to take place on streets and squares where people live, work, shop and play to make events more accessible for its residents. Its buildings and public transportation are designed with an attractive and inviting attitude in mind to create a more comfortable space. The City also values the importance of a “walkable” downtown as it allows its residents to enjoy buildings and services being in walking distance of each other. This space is pedestrian friendly, creating an accessible space for all. Overall, Markham aims to put its residents and their families first, bringing jobs closer into its boundaries and protecting the environment. [37]

Sports

Community Centres/Recreational Facilities

Parks & Pathways

Markham has scenic pathways running over 22 km over its region. These pathways include 12 bridges allowing walkers, joggers and cyclists to make use and enjoy the sights it has to offer. Markham’s green space includes woodlots, ravines and valleys that are not only enjoyable to its residents, but are important for the continued growth of plants and animals in the region. These natural spaces are the habitats for rare plant and insect species, offering food and homes essential for the survival of different native insects and birds. [38]

Circular pathway along Berczy Park

City issues

Like most cities and towns in the Greater Toronto Area, Markham has a few issues it must deal with:

Urban growth

There is a desire by the city to control urban sprawl by requesting higher density for new development. The city plan calls for more growth along Highway 7 and less towards the farmland to the north. A similar development in Cornell promotes the need for services to be closer to residences.

Transit plan

Linked to the concern of urban growth, Markham through York Region Transit (YRT) has implemented a transit system called Viva to ease the strain on the region's congested roads. Viva is similar to YRT but is used as an express bus service with the ability to change traffic signals to help reduce delays. The YRT is also planning to build a transit terminal somewhere near Cornell soon.

Attractions

Frederick Horsman Varley Art Gallery
Markham GO Station

Markham has retained its historic past in part of the town. Here a just few places of interest:

Heritage streets preserve the old town feeling:

There are still farms operating in the northern reaches of the town, but there are a few 'theme' farms in other parts of Markham:

Markham's heritage railway stations are either an active station or converted to other uses:

Annual events

Events taking place annually include the Nightitup! Night Market, Taste of Asia Festival, Tony Roman Memorial Hockey Tournament, Markham Youth Week, Unionville Festival, Markham Village Music Festival, Markham Jazz Festival, Milliken Mills Children's Festival, Markham Ribfest & Music Festival, Doors Open Markham, Thornhill Village Festival, Markham Fair, Olde Tyme Christmas Unionville, Markham Santa Claus Parade and Markham Festival of Lights.

Shopping

Markham is home to several large malls of 100+ stores. These include:

There are also a lot of higher-profile malls in nearby Toronto, and elsewhere in York Region. Many shopping centres in Markham are also Asian-oriented. This is a reflection of the large Asian, particularly Chinese Canadian, population found in Markham. They carry a wide variety of traditional Chinese products, apparel, and foods.

On Highway 7, between Woodbine and Warden Avenues, is First Markham Place, containing numerous shops and restaurants; this is several kilometres east of Richmond Hill's Chinese malls. Further east along Highway 7 is an older plaza is at the southwest quadrant with the intersection with Kennedy Road.

Pacific Mall is the most well-known Chinese mall in Markham, located at Kennedy Road and Steeles Avenue East, which, combined with neighbouring Market Village Mall and Splendid China Mall, forms the second largest Chinese shopping area in North America, after the Golden Village in Richmond, British Columbia. In close proximity, at Steeles East and Warden Avenue, there is the New Century Plaza mall and a half-block away there is a plaza of Chinese shops anchored by a T & T Supermarket.

There are also some smaller shopping centres in Markham, such as:

Local media

Transportation

Roads

Major highways passing through Markham include Highway 404 (from Toronto to just south of Lake Simcoe) and Highway 407, a toll highway that passes north of Toronto and connects Markham with Vaughan, Brampton and Burlington.

Highway 407 runs parallel to Highway 7, also known as York Road 7, which is a major east-west artery suffering from congestion due to development along its route. Other major east-west routes include 16th Avenue, Major MacKenzie Drive, and Steeles Avenue which forms Markham's southern boundary with Toronto.

Rail

Main article: GO Transit

Passenger rail service in Markham is provided by the GO Transit Stouffville line, which is a commuter rail line stretching from Lincolnville to downtown Toronto. The line operates only at rush hour and uses tracks owned by Metrolinx, the provincial transit agency. Five stations on the Stouffville line serve Markham, of which 4 are within the municipal borders. Metrolinx announced in 2015 that the Stouffville Line would get an expansion in service, bringing all day both directional trains from Union Station to Unionville GO Station.[40] Markham's section of this GO line also came under the spotlight in 2015 as City of Toronto Mayor John Tory's announced SMART Track plan for rapid transit expansion in Toronto includes the rail spur between Union Station and the Unionville GO.[41]

Public transit

VIVA bus in Markham

York Region Transit (YRT) connects Markham with surrounding municipalities in York Region, and was created in 2001 from the merger of Markham Transit, Richmond Hill Transit, Newmarket Transit and Vaughan Transit. YRT to connects to the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) subway system by way of Viva bus rapid transit from Finch station along Yonge Street, and Don Mills station through Unionville and on to Markville Mall.

YRT has two major terminals in Markham: Unionville GO Terminal and Markham Stouffville Hospital Bus Terminal. The new Cornell Terminal which will be located on Rose Way near Ninth Line and Highway 7 is approved and construction would begin by December 2016 and to be completed the following year which will result in major restructuring routes in Markham. [42] This new bus terminal will replace the transit hub along Church Street at Country Glen Road.

The TTC also provides service in Markham on several north-south routes, such as Warden Avenue, Birchmount Road, McCowan Road and Markham Road. These routes charge riders a double fare if they are travelling across the Steeles border.

GO Transit provides train service on the old trackbed of the Toronto and Nipissing Railway, which connects Markham with downtown Toronto on the Stouffville commuter rail service. The line has stops at several stations in Markham, namely Unionville GO Station, Centennial GO Station, Markham GO Station, and Mount Joy GO Station. The Richmond Hill commuter rail line provides service to the Langstaff GO Station, which straddles Markham and Richmond Hill but is used primarily by residents of west-central Markham and southern Richmond Hill.

Air

Toronto/Buttonville Municipal Airport, Canada's 11th busiest airport (Ontario's 4th busiest). However, the airport was sold to Cadillac Fairview in late 2010 and is slated for demolition in 2017. A new mall with condo towers and office space will be built in phases in the coming years.[43] caters to general aviation and business commuter traffic to Ottawa and Montreal. Operators at Buttonville include:

Markham Airport or Toronto/Markham Airport, (TC LID: CNU8), is a private airport operating 2.6 nautical miles (4.8 km; 3.0 mi) north of Markham, north of Elgin Mills Road. The airport is owned and operated by Markham Airport Inc. and owned by a numbered Ontario company owned by the Thomson family of Toronto. The airport is not part of the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA). The airport consists of a single 2,013 ft (614 m) runway for small and private aircraft only (with night flying capabilities). The Royal Canadian Air Cadets Gliding Program uses the north side or the runway 09/27 for glider operations in the spring and fall months, and use a northern traffic pattern.

Notable people

International relations

Friendship cities

Sister cities

See also

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 Statistics Canada: 2012
  2. ↑ Tuckey, Bryan (24 July 2015). "Why Markham is the next highrise community". Toronto Star. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 "Markham to change from town to city". CBC News, May 30, 2012.
  4. ↑ "A history of the town of Markham". City of Markham. The Corporation of the City of Markham. 2012. Retrieved 2013-04-09. In May 1794, Berczy negotiated with Simcoe for 64,000 acres in Markham Township, soon to be known as the German Company Lands.The Berczy settlers, joined by several Pennsylvania German families, set out for Upper Canada.Sixty-four families arrived that year [...]
  5. ↑ "A history of the town of Markham". City of Markham. The Corporation of the City of Markham. 2012. Retrieved 2013-04-09.
  6. ↑ "Labour Force Profile" (PDF). Economic Profile Year End 2010. Town of Markham Economic Development Department. 2010. p. 10. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  7. ↑ "Why is Markham Canadaès High-Tech Capital?". Town of Markham. The Corporation of the Town of Markham. 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  8. ↑ "Top 10 Employers in Markham" (PDF). Town of Markham. April 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  9. ↑ http://www.hyundaicanada.com/contact-us.aspx
  10. ↑ "AMD Locations". AMD. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  11. ↑ "Career Opportunities". About American Express. American Express. 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  12. ↑ "Connect with Avaya". Avaya. Avaya Inc. 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  13. ↑ "IBM: Helping Canada and the World Work Better". About IBM. IBM. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  14. ↑ "Office Locations". About Us. Motorola Solutions, Inc. 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  15. ↑ Contact Oracle
  16. ↑ "Contact Us". Support. Toshiba Canada. 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  17. ↑ http://www.toyota.ca/cgi-bin/WebObjects.exe/WWW.woa/3/wo/Home.TFS-SFvB7tBzfnLyd2bSuvEgb0/0.5?a150700e%2ehtml
  18. ↑ For a complete history, cf. Isabel Champion, ed., Markham: 1793-1900 (Markham, ON: Markham Historical Society, 1979).
  19. ↑ See I. Champion, Markham: 1793-1900 (Markham, ON: Markham Historical Society, 1979), p. 248; also Markham Village - A Brief History 1800-1919, Markham Public Library (website).
  20. ↑ For a complete history of Markham's early years, cf. Isabel Champion, ed., Markham: 1793-1900 (Markham, ON: Markham Historical Society, 1979).
  21. ↑ Markham, Canadian Gazetteer (Toronto: Roswell, 1849), 111.
  22. ↑ Cf. C.P. Mulvany, et al, The Township of Markham, History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario (Toronto: C.B. Robinson, 1885), 114ff.
  23. ↑ Cf. the detailed 1878 map, Township of Markham, Illustrated historical atlas of the county of York and the township of West Gwillimbury & town of Bradford in the county of Simcoe, Ont. (Toronto : Miles & Co., 1878).
  24. ↑ C.P. Mulvany, et al., "The Village of Markham," History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario (Toronto: C.B. Robinson, 1885), p. 198.
  25. ↑ C.P. Mulvany, et al., "The Township of Markham," History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario (Toronto: C.B. Robinson, 1885), p. 121.
  26. ↑ "Ontario Plaque". Ontarioplaques.com. 2009-09-22. Retrieved 2011-03-10.
  27. 1 2 "Toronto Buttonville Airport". Canadian Climate Normals 1981−2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2014-04-12.
  28. ↑ Cf. Isabel Champion, ed., Markham: 1793-1900 (Markham, ON: Markham Historical Society, 1979), pp. 225; 121f.; 148; 227; 338. See also articles on Almira from the Stouffville Tribune.
  29. ↑ http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3519036&Data=Count&SearchText=markham&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1
  30. ↑ "Census Profile for Markham, Town". statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2012-10-26.
  31. ↑ "Yes to York". York University. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  32. ↑ Javed, Noor; Honderich, Holly (2015-05-20). "The university-college partnership will serve an estimated 4,000 students in York Region.". The Toronto Star. ISSN 0319-0781. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
  33. ↑ "STATISTICS AND DEMOGRAPHICS". City of Markham. City of Markham. 2014. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
  34. ↑ "Top 100 Employers in Markham, 2014" (PDF). City of Markham. City of Markham. April 2015. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
  35. ↑ "Contact Us." Yogen Früz. Retrieved on March 15, 2014. "Yogen Früz headquarters 210 Shields Court; Markham, Ontario L3R 8V2, Canada"
  36. ↑ Markham Museum Facilities
  37. ↑ "City of Markham - Vision". www.markham.ca. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
  38. ↑ "City of Markham - Trees, Parks & Pathways". www.markham.ca. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
  39. ↑ TLM The Local Magazine
  40. ↑ Kalinowski, Tess (2015-08-07). "The new train service is expected to be in the off-peak hours.". The Toronto Star. ISSN 0319-0781. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
  41. ↑ Kalinowski, Tess (2015-04-16). "Kitchener and Stouffville GO lines are on track for electrification needed to boost service frequencies.". The Toronto Star. ISSN 0319-0781. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
  42. ↑ http://www.vivanext.com/transit-facility-cornell-2/
  43. ↑ "Total aircraft movements by class of operation — NAV CANADA towers". Statcan.gc.ca. 2010-03-12. Retrieved 2011-03-10.
  44. ↑ Toronto Airways Limited
  45. ↑ Seneca College
  46. ↑ "Buttonville Flying Club". Buttonville Flying Club. Retrieved 2011-03-10.
  47. ↑ "Leggat Aviation". Leggat Aviation. Retrieved 2011-03-10.
  48. ↑
  49. ↑ Sister Cities International
  50. ↑ The Official Website of the City of Las Piñas, Metro Manila, Philippines
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Markham.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Markham.
 Richmond Hill Whitchurch–Stouffville
Vaughan Pickering
   Markham  
Toronto
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/25/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.