Marinduque

Marinduque
Province
Province of Marinduque
(From top, left to right:) Marinduque Island viewed from a RORO ferry in Tayabas Bay the town of Gasan Bakulong Beach in Boac Boac River and the Biglang Awa Shrine in Balanacan Harbor Mogpog
Flag Seal
Location in the Philippines
Coordinates: 13°24′N 121°58′E / 13.4°N 121.97°E / 13.4; 121.97Coordinates: 13°24′N 121°58′E / 13.4°N 121.97°E / 13.4; 121.97
Country	Philippines
Region	Mimaropa (Region IV-B)
Founded	February 21, 1920
Capital	Boac
Government
• Type	Sangguniang Panlalawigan
• Governor	Carmencita Reyes (Liberal)
• Vice Governor	Romulo Baccoro (Liberal)
• Representative	Lord Allan Jay Velasco (NUP) Lone District
Area[1]
• Total	952.58 km2 (367.79 sq mi)
Area rank	76th out of 81
Highest elevation (Mount Malindig)	1,157 m (3,796 ft)
Population (2015 census)[2]
• Total	234,521
• Rank	69th out of 81
• Density	250/km2 (640/sq mi)
• Density rank	37th out of 81
Divisions
• Independent cities	0
• Component cities	0
• Municipalities	6 Boac Buenavista Gasan Mogpog Santa Cruz Torrijos
• Barangays	218
• Districts	Lone district of Marinduque
Time zone	PHT (UTC+8)
ZIP code	4900–4905
IDD : area code	+63 (0)42
ISO 3166 code	PH-MAD
Spoken languages	Tagalog (Marinduqueño dialect) English
Website	www.marinduque.gov.ph

Marinduque (Tagalog pronunciation: [marinˈduke]) is an island province in the Philippines located in Mimaropa (Region IV-B) region. Its capital is the municipality of Boac. Marinduque lies between Tayabas Bay to the north and Sibuyan Sea to the south. It is west of the Bondoc Peninsula of Quezon province; east of Mindoro Island; and north of the island province of Romblon.

The province of Marinduque was ranked number 1 by the Philippine National Police and Philippine Security Forces as the 2013 Most Peaceful Province of the country due to its low crime rate statistics alternately ranking with the province of Batanes yearly. Furthermore, for almost 200 years, the province is home to one of the oldest religious festivals of the country, the Moriones Festival celebrated annually every Holy Week.

History

Sixth Army Operations Mindoro and Marinduque Islands - 13 December 1944-24 January 1945

Legend has it that the island of Marinduque was formed as a consequence of a tragic love affair between two people: Mariin and Gatduke. Mariin's father, a local chieftain, did not approve of this affair and ordered the beheading of Gatduke. Before this could be done, the couple sailed out to sea and drowned themselves, forming the island now called Marinduque.

During the Spanish and early American occupations, Marinduque was part of Balayan Province (now Batangas) in the 16th century, Mindoro in the 17th century, and had a brief period as an independent province in 1901, when the Americans arrived.

During the Philippine-American War, Marinduque was the first island to have American concentration camps.^[3] Marinduque is the site of the Battle of Pulang Lupa, where 250 Filipino soldiers under Colonel Maximo Abad, defeated a smaller force of 54 American Infantrymen. Col. Abad surrendered in 1901.^[4]:535

In 1902, the US-Philippine Commission annexed the islands of Mindoro (now two separate provinces) and Lubang (now part of Occidental Mindoro) to the province.

Four months later, the province became part of the province of Tayabas (now Quezon).

On February 21, 1920, Act 2280 was passed by the Philippine Congress, reestablishing Marinduque as a separate province.

In 1942, the Japanese Imperial forces landed in Marinduque.

In 1945, combined American and Philippine Commonwealth troops attacked from the Japanese Troops liberated to the Battle of Marinduque in the Second World War. The general headquarters of the Philippine Commonwealth Army was active in 1935 to 1942 and 1945 to 1946 and Philippine Constabulary from 1945 to 1946 stationed in Marinduque after the war.

Archaeological finds

Archaeology in the Philippines began in Marinduque. Prior to 1900, only one important archaeological investigation had been carried out in the country: the Antoine-Alfred Marche’s exploration of Marinduque from April to July 1881. According to anthropologist Henry Otley Beyer, while many other accidental discoveries and finds have been recorded from time to time and a few burial caves and sites had been casually explored by European and local scientists, no systematic work had been done anywhere else prior to these explorations. After Marche, the next important archaeological work was undertaken by Dr. Carl Gunthe in the Visayas Island Group in 1922.

An abundant yield of Chinese urns, vases, gold ornaments, skulls and other ornaments of pre-colonial origin was what Marche finds represented. He brought back to France the Marinduque artifacts he uncovered in 40 crates. Part of it now is said to be housed at the Musée de l'Homme in France. The finds also included a wooden image of the Marinduque anito called "Pastores" by the natives.

One of these artifacts also found its way into the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. (Catalogue No. A127996-0, Department of Anthropology, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution). These fragile jarlets traveled from China to the pre-colonial Philippines. Buried in a cave in Marinduque for centuries, excavated in the late 19th century, brought to Paris and eventually one ended up at the Smithsonian Institution museum.

Part of Marinduque's history lies at the Marinduque Museum in Poblacion at Boac and in museums abroad. It will take some time to analyze these artifacts to piece together its pre-colonial past.

Geography

Northern section

Southern section

Marinduque is considered as the geographical center of the Philippine archipelago by the Luzon Datum of 1911, the mother of all Philippine geodetic surveys. The province is a "heart-shaped" island with a total land area of 952.58 square kilometres (367.79 sq mi)^[5], situated between Tayabas Bay in the north and Sibuyan Sea to the south. It is separated from the Bondoc Peninsula in Quezon by the Mompong Pass. West of Marinduque is Tablas Strait, which separates it from Mindoro Island. Some of the smaller islands to the northeast are Polo Island, Maniwaya Island, and Mompong Island. Southwest portion includes the Tres Reyes Islands and Elephant Island.

The highest peak in Marinduque is Mount Malindig (formerly called Mt. Marlanga), a potentially active stratovolcano with an elevation of 1,157 metres (3,796 ft) above sea level, located at the southern tip of the island. Various cave systems occupy the province, which include the grand Bathala Cave; the newly discovered San Isidro Cave with its complex subterranean river; and Talao Caves with its 12 series of caves overlooking the western part of the island.

Climate

Marinduque has a Type III climate, having rainfall more or less evenly distributed throughout the year with no clear boundary between dry and wet seasons. The annual mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures were calculated at 27.0 °C (80.6 °F), 32.9 °C (91.2 °F) and 22.3 °C (72.1 °F) respectively. Humidity average is 78% year-round with an average annual rainfall totaling 2,034.6 mm (80.1 inches).^[6]

Administrative divisions

Marinduque comprises 6 municipalities, further subdivided into 218 barangays. A single legislative district encompasses all towns.^[5]

Demography

The population of Marinduque in the 2015 census was 234,521 people,^[2] with a density of 250 inhabitants per square kilometre or 650 inhabitants per square mile.

Religion

Marinduque is resided by various religious groups, with Catholics belonging to the Latin Rite predominantly making up the greatest number with 70%. The Aglipayan Church has 25% of the population and the rest belongs to the different denominations such as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Iglesia ni Cristo, Members Church of God International (popularly called Ang Dating Daan) and various Mainline Protestant denominations which include Assemblies of God, Baptists, JIL, Methodists, Presbyterian, and Seventh-day Adventist Church (SDA).

Language

The version of Tagalog spoken in Marinduque, known as the Marinduque Tagalog, has been described as "the root from which modern national forms of speech have sprung," where remnants of archaic Tagalog could be found, spoken in a lilting manner by its inhabitants. If this linguistic theory is accurate, Marinduque's Tagalog has contributed significantly to the development of the official Philippine national language.^[10]

To this day, Marinduqueños speak an old variation of the Tagalog language that is very close to the way Tagalog was spoken before the Spanish colonization. According to language experts , the Tagalog dialects of Marinduque are the most divergent, especially the Eastern Marinduque dialect, perhaps due to the relative isolation from the Tagalogs of Luzon and also perhaps due to the influence of the Visayan and Bikol migrants.^[11]

Linguist Rosa Soberano's 1980 The Dialects of Marinduque Tagalog goes into great depth concerning the dialects spoken there. The following is a verb chart which outlines the conjugation of the Eastern Marinduque dialect of Tagalog:

Linguist Christopher Sundita observed that some of the affixes in Marinduque Tagalog, particularly "a-" and "ina-," are affixes used in Asi (Bantoanon), a Visaya language spoken in Romblon, just south of Marinduque. Marinduque Tagalog, like the Tagalog spoken over two centuries ago, had an additional verb category, the imperative, which was used for commands and requests (e.g., Matulog ka na - Go to sleep). Even then, the imperative and the infinitive were used side by side in expressing commands; but in standard Tagalog, apparently the infinitive became used exclusively. And in the Eastern Marinduque dialect, the imperative affixes are very much alive.^[12]

Economy

Marinduque is an agricultural province, primarily growing rice and coconuts. Handicrafts from Marinduque are also exported to dıfferent parts of the world, and fishing is another important part of the economy. Mining was once an important player in the economy until a mining accident (the Marcopper Mining Disaster) occurred, bringing the industry to a standstill on the island and causing enormous damage to the inhabitants. The provincial government has just recently sued Marcopper's parent company, Placer Dome, for $100 million in damages. Placer Dome was purchased in 2006 by Barrick Gold, who has now been joined in the lawsuit.

A significant role in Marinduque's economy is also played by tourism, especially during the Lenten season. While this is not one of the larger parts of the island's economy, it has shown great growth. Recently, some residents are now engaged in butterfly farming. Butterflies are raised for export to countries in both Europe and the Americas. Locally, live butterflies are released in celebration on different occasions, such as birthdays, weddings, and some corporate events.

Culture

The Moriones Festival is a famous annual festival locally known as "Moryonan" in Marinduque. From March to April, parades and celebrations can be seen on the streets. In Santa Cruz, Gasan, Boac, and Mogpog, a parade of people dressed as "Moryons" can be seen on the main road connecting the towns of the island. Boac and Santa Cruz, the biggest towns in the province, shows a reenactment in the evening of the actual event when Longinus, a blind soldier, punctures Jesus with his spear and blood droplets from the wound restores Longinus'sight.

Marinduque is home to the kalutang, a musical instrument made of two pieces of wood that produce different note ranges depending on its size. A band of 10 to 12 can create music with this instrument.^[13]

Government

Marinduque has had its own Governor since becoming a sub-province of Tayabas (now Quezon) in 1902 and after gaining its independence from Tayabas in 1920.

Transport

Currently, Marinduque is served by direct daily flights to-and-fro Manila by Zest Airways (formerly Asian Spirit). The Marinduque Airport is located in Barangay Masiga, roughly between Gasan and Boac.

• Montenegro Lines — plying the sea routes from Dalahican Pier in Barangay Talao-Talao in Lucena City to Marinduque via Balanacan Port in Mogpog (5 trips daily going to Marinduque including the Cawit Pier in Boac, or 10 to 14 trips daily back and forth).(See Schedule of Montenegro Shipping Lines - Source: Google or MSLI Website)
• Star Horse Shipping Lines — plying the sea routes from Talao Talao Port in Lucena City to Balanacan, Marinduque - (See Schedule of Star Horse Shipping - Source: Google or SHSLI Website).
• JAC Liner Inc. serves a direct bus route from Cubao in Quezon City to Marinduque via roll-on/roll-off ship.

Education

References

External links

• Media related to Marinduque at Wikimedia Commons
• Marinduque travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Geographic data related to Marinduque at OpenStreetMap
• Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay as of August 1, 2007

	Batangas / Tayabas Bay	Quezon Tayabas Bay
	Oriental Mindoro / Sibuyan Sea		Sibuyan Sea / Quezon
		Marinduque
		Sibuyan Sea Romblon

Province of Marinduque
Boac (capital)
Municipalities	Boac Buenavista Gasan Mogpog Santa Cruz Torrijos

Articles related to Marinduque
Mimaropa (Region IV-B) Southern Tagalog Islands MIndoro, MArinduque, ROmblon, PAlawan Regional Center Calapan Provinces Marinduque Occidental Mindoro Oriental Mindoro Palawan Romblon Highly Urbanized City Puerto Princesa Component City Calapan Provincial Capitals Boac Calapan Mamburao Puerto Princesa Romblon Municipalities Aborlan Abra de Ilog Agutaya Alcantara Araceli Baco Balabac Bansud Banton Bataraza Boac Bongabong Brooke's Point Buenavista Bulalacao Busuanga Cagayancillo Cajidiocan Calatrava Calintaan Concepcion Corcuera Coron Cuyo Dumaran El Nido Ferrol Gasan Gloria Kalayaan Linapacan Looc (Occidental Mindoro) Looc (Romblon) Lubang Magdiwang Magsaysay (Occidental Mindoro) Magsaysay (Palawan) Mamburao Mansalay Mogpog Narra Naujan Odiongan Paluan Pinamalayan Pola Puerto Galera Quezon Rizal (Occidental Mindoro) Rizal (Palawan) Romblon Roxas (Oriental Mindoro) Roxas (Palawan) Sablayan San Agustin San Andres San Fernando San Jose (Occidental Mindoro) San Jose (Romblon) San Teodoro San 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