List of historical national anthems
The oldest national anthem, defined as "a song, as of praise, devotion, or patriotism",[1] is the Dutch national anthem Het Wilhelmus,[trans 2] which was written between 1568 and 1572, but not then given any official status.[2] The first anthem to be officially proclaimed as such was La Marcha Real,[trans 3] adopted by Spain in 1770.[3] Het Wilhelmus was declared the national anthem of the Netherlands in 1932; both of these anthems remain in use today. A royal or imperial anthem is a song that is similar in patriotic character to a national anthem, but which specifically praises a monarch, or royal dynasty. Some states have doubled their royal or imperial anthem as their national anthem.
An anthem may fall out of use if the country that uses it ceases to exist, or because it adopts a new anthem; the rationale for a new national anthem is often political, perhaps based on a new ruling dynasty or system of government. For example, following the French Revolution, which overthrew the monarchy, La Marseillaise, a republican revolutionary song, became national anthem in 1795. Conversely, when the monarchy was restored 19 years later, the 16th-century royalist tune Vive Henri IV was revived and adapted to create Le Retour des Princes français à Paris, an overt celebration of the restored government.[trans 4] Following a number of further changes, La Marseillaise was readopted in 1870 and remains France's contemporary national anthem.
Some historical anthems share the same tune; for example, Heil dir im Siegerkranz,[trans 5] the Imperial German anthem, used the same music as Britain's national anthem, God Save the Queen. There are also instances of the music of a former national anthem still being used in a current anthem; for instance, the modern national anthem of Germany, Das Lied der Deutschen,[trans 6] uses the same tune as the 19th and early 20th-century Austro-Hungarian anthem Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser.[trans 7] Another well-known example is the Hymn of the Soviet Union,[trans 8] used until its dissolution in 1991, which was given new words and adopted by the Russian Federation in 2000 to replace the unpopular instrumental anthem it had introduced in 1993.[4][5]
This was not the first time that a country's de facto or de jure national anthem had proved controversial among its own people. My Country, 'Tis of Thee, a de facto anthem of the United States during the 19th century, divided opinion as it used the same tune as God Save the Queen.[note 1] A more recent example is Hej, Sloveni,[trans 9] the former Yugoslavian anthem which was retained by Serbia and Montenegro until 2006;[note 2] because it was frequently booed when played in public – at sporting events, for example – it was eventually replaced.[6]
Anthems
- This list of songs or music-related items is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Country | National anthem title in local language(s) |
English translation of title | Period | Lyrics writer | Music writer | Audio | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | Schahe ghajur-o-mehrabane ma | Our Brave And Noble King | 1943–1973 | Makhtar, MohammedMohammed Makhtar | Farukh, MohammedMohammed Farukh | — | [7] | |
Afghanistan | Soroud-e-Melli[trans 10] | National Anthem | 1973–1978 | Benawa, Abdul RaufAbdul Rauf Benawa | Brechna, Abdul GhafurAbdul Ghafur Brechna | — | [7] | |
Afghanistan | Soroud-e-Melli[trans 10] | National Anthem | 1978–1992 | Laeq, SuleimanSuleiman Laeq | Ghahlānd, JalīlJalīl Ghahlānd | [7] | ||
Afghanistan | Soroud-e-Melli[trans 10] | National Anthem | 1992–1999 2002–2006 |
Farani, DaoudDaoud Farani | Qasim, UstadUstad Qasim | — | [7] | |
Armenian SSR | Haykakan SSH orhnerg[trans 11] | Anthem of the Armenian SSR | 1944–1991 | Sarmen | Khachaturian, AramAram Khachaturian | — | — | |
Austrian Empire | Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser | God Save Emperor Francis | 1804–1835 1848–1854 |
Haschka, Lorenz LeopoldLorenz Leopold Haschka | Haydn, JosephJoseph Haydn | Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser | [note 3] | |
Austrian Empire | Segen Öst'reichs hohem Sohne | Blessings to Austria's high son | 1835–1848 | Zedlitz, Joseph Christian vonJoseph Christian von Zedlitz | Haydn, JosephJoseph Haydn | Segen Öst'reichs hohem Sohne | [note 3] | |
Austrian Empire | Volkshymne | Anthem of the People | 1854–1867 | Seidl, Johann GabrielJohann Gabriel Seidl | Haydn, JosephJoseph Haydn | Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze | [note 3] | |
Austria-Hungary | Volkshymne | Anthem of the People | 1867–1918 | Seidl, Johann GabrielJohann Gabriel Seidl | Haydn, JosephJoseph Haydn | Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze | [note 3] | |
Austria | Deutschösterreich, du herrliches Land | German Austria, you wonderful country | 1920–1929 (de facto) |
Renner, KarlKarl Renner | Kienzl, WilhelmWilhelm Kienzl | — | — | |
Austria | Sei gesegnet ohne Ende | Be Blessed Without End | 1929–1938 | Kernstock, OttokarOttokar Kernstock | Haydn, JosephJoseph Haydn | Sei gesegnet ohne Ende | [note 3] | |
Azerbaijan SSR | Azərbaycan Sovet Sosialist Respublikasının Himni | Anthem of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic | 1944–1992 | Rustam, SuleymanSuleyman Rustam Vurgun, SamadSamad Vurgun Arif, HuseynHuseyn Arif |
Hajibeyov, UzeyirUzeyir Hajibeyov | Azərbaycan SSR Himni | — | |
Grand Duchy of Baden | Badnerlied | Song of Baden | 1865–1871 | Unknown | Unknown | — | [note 4] | |
Bavaria | Bayernhymne | Hymn of Bavaria | 1806–1871 | Öchsner, MichaelMichael Öchsner | Kunz, MaxMax Kunz | — | [note 4] | |
Biafra | Land of the Rising Sun | — | 1967–1970 | Unknown | Sibelius, JeanJean Sibelius | — | — | |
Bophuthatswana (Bantustan) |
Lefatshe leno la bo-rrarona | This Land of Our Forefathers | 1976–1994 | Ntsime, J. M.J. M. Ntsime | Mathibe, E. B.E. B. Mathibe J. J. Loots |
— | — | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Jedna si jedina | The One and Only | 1992–1998 | Dervišhalidović, EdinEdin Dervišhalidović | Dervišhalidović, EdinEdin Dervišhalidović | — | ||
Empire of Brazil | Hino da Independência | Hymn of Independence | 1822–1830 | da Veiga, EvaristoEvaristo da Veiga | Pedro I of Brazil, Pedro I of Brazil | Hino da Independência | — | |
Empire of Brazil | Hino Nacional Brasileiro | Brazilian National Anthem | 1830–1889 | Estrada, Joaquim Osório DuqueJoaquim Osório Duque Estrada | da Silva, Francisco ManuelFrancisco Manuel da Silva | Hino Nacional Brasileiro | [note 5] | |
Bulgaria | Shumi Maritsa[trans 12] | Maritsa Rushes | 1886–1944 | Zhivkov, NikolaNikola Zhivkov | Vazov, IvanIvan Vazov | [note 6] | ||
Bulgaria | Republiko nasha, zdravey![trans 14] | Hail to our Republic! | 1944–1950 | Penev, KrumKrum Penev | Dimitrov, GeorgiGeorgi Dimitrov | — | — | |
Bulgaria | Balgariyo mila[trans 15] | Dear Bulgaria | 1950–1964 | Furnadshiev, NikolaNikola Furnadshiev Mladen Issaev Elisaveta Bagrjana |
Dimitrov, GeorgiGeorgi Dimitrov Georgi Zlatev-Tscherkin Svetoslav Obretenov |
— | — | |
Byelorussian SSR | Dzyarzhauny himn BSSR[trans 16] | State Hymn of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1952–1991 | Sakalowski, NestarNestar Sakalowski | Klimovich, Mihas'Mihas' Klimovich | Dzyarzhauny himn BSSR | — | |
Cambodia | Song of the Khmer Republic[trans 17] | Song of the Khmer Republic | 1970–1975 | Khieu Chum | Khieu Chum | — | — | |
Cambodia | Dap Prampi Mesa Chokchey[trans 18] | Glorious Seventeenth of April | 1976–1979 | Unknown | Unknown | Dap Prampi Mesa Chokchey | — | |
Cape Verde | Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada | This Is Our Beloved Country | 1975–1996 | Cabral, AmílcarAmílcar Cabral | Cabral, AmílcarAmílcar Cabral | — | [note 7] | |
Central America | La Granadera | The Grenadier | 1823–1839 | Durón, RómuloRómulo Durón | Unknown | La Granadera | — | |
Qing China | Li Zhong Tan Yue [trans 19] | Tune of Li Zhongtang | 1896–1906 | Hongzhang, LiLi Hongzhang | Hongzhang, LiLi Hongzhang | — | — | |
Qing China | Song Long Qi[trans 20] | Praise the Dragon Flag | 1906–1911 | Collective | Collective | — | — | |
Qing China | Gong Jin'ou[trans 21] | Cup of Solid Gold | 1911–1912 | Fu, YanYan Fu | Tong, BoBo Tong | Gong Jin'ou | — | |
Republic of China | Zhōngguó xióng lì yǔzhòujiān[trans 22] | China Heroically Stands in the Universe | 1915–1921 | Chang, YinYin Chang | Lu, WangWang Lu | — | — | |
Republic of China | Qing yun gē[trans 23] | The Song to the Auspicious Cloud | 1921–1926 | Taiyan, ZhangZhang Taiyan | Youmei, XiaoXiao Youmei | Qing yun gē | — | |
Republic of China | Guómín gémìng gē[trans 24] | Revolution of the Citizens | 1926–1928 | Qianwu, LiaoLiao Qianwu | Traditional | Guómín gémìng gē | — | |
Chinese Soviet Republic | Guójìgē[trans 25] | The Internationale | 1931–1937 | Qiubai, QuQu Qiubai | De Geyter, PierrePierre De Geyter | [9] | ||
Ciskei (Bantustan) |
Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika | God Bless Africa | 1976–1994 | Sontonga, EnochEnoch Sontonga | Parry, JosephJoseph Parry | — | — | |
Comoros | Wungwana Ngasi Nuwo | We have the Freedom | 1975–1978 | Unknown | Unknown | — | — | |
Confederate States of America | God Save the South | — | 1861–1865 (de facto) |
Miles, George HenryGeorge Henry Miles | Ellerbrock, CharlesCharles Ellerbrock | [note 8] | ||
People's Republic of Congo | Les Trois Glorieuses | The Three Glorious Days | 1969–1991 | Lopès, HenriHenri Lopès | Mockouamy, PhilippePhilippe Mockouamy | — | — | |
Corsican Republic | Dio vi Salvi Regina | God Save Our Queen | 1755–1769 (de facto) |
de Geronimo, FrancisFrancis de Geronimo | de Geronimo, FrancisFrancis de Geronimo | — | — | |
Anglo-Corsican Kingdom | Dio vi Salvi Regina | God Save Our Queen | 1794–1796 | de Geronimo, FrancisFrancis de Geronimo | de Geronimo, FrancisFrancis de Geronimo | — | — | |
Czechoslovakia | Kde domov můj Nad Tatrou sa blýska |
Where is my home? and Lightning over the Tatras | 1918–1938 1945–1993 |
Tyl, Josef KajetánJosef Kajetán Tyl Matúška, JankoJanko Matúška |
Škroup, FrantišekFrantišek Škroup Unknown |
Kde domov můj a Nad Tatrou sa blýska | [note 9] | |
Free City of Danzig | Für Danzig | For Danzig [Gdańsk] | 1920–1939 | Enderling, PaulPaul Enderling | Göhler, GeorgGeorg Göhler | — | — | |
Kingdom of Egypt | Eslami ya Misr[trans 26] | Be Safe Oh Egypt | 1923–1936 | Al-Rafe'ie, Mostafa SaadeqMostafa Saadeq Al-Rafe'ie | Ali, SafarSafar Ali | — | [12] | |
Egypt | Walla Zaman Ya Selahy[trans 27] | Oh My Weapon | 1971–1979 | Jahin, SalahSalah Jahin | Al Taweel, KamalKamal Al Taweel | — | — | |
Estonian SSR | Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistliku Vabariigi hümn | Anthem of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1945–1991 | Semper, JohannesJohannes Semper | Ernesaks, GustavGustav Ernesaks | Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistliku Vabariigi hümn | — | |
Ethiopia | Ityopp'ya Hoy Dess Yibelish[trans 28] | Ethiopia Be Happy | 1930–1975 | Collective | Dalbandyan, KevorkKevork Dalbandyan | — | — | |
Ethiopia | Ityopp'ya, Ityopp'ya, Ityopp'ya qida mi[trans 29] | Ethiopia, Ethiopia, Ethiopia Be First | 1975–1991 | Tessama, Assefa Gebre-MariamAssefa Gebre-Mariam Tessama | Haggos, Daniel YohannesDaniel Yohannes Haggos | — | — | |
France | Vive Henri IV | Long live Henri IV | 16th century-1792 | Unknown | Unknown | Vive Henri IV | — | |
France | Chant du départ | Song of the Departure | 1799–1815 | Chénier, Marie-JosephMarie-Joseph Chénier | Méhul, Étienne NicolasÉtienne Nicolas Méhul | Chant du départ | [note 10] | |
France | Le Retour des Princes français à Paris | The Return of the French Princes to Paris | 1814–1815 1815–1830 |
Unknown | Castil-Blaze, François-HenriFrançois-Henri Castil-Blaze | Le Retour des Princes français à Paris | — | |
France | La Parisienne | The Parisian | 1830–1848 | Delavigne, CasimirCasimir Delavigne | Auber, DanielDaniel Auber | — | — | |
France | Le Chant des Girondins | The Song of Girondists | 1848–1852 | Dumas, AlexandreAlexandre Dumas Auguste Maquet Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle |
Varney, AlphonseAlphonse Varney | — | — | |
France | Partant pour la Syrie | Departing for Syria | 1852–1870 | de Laborde, AlexandreAlexandre de Laborde | de Beauharnais, HortenseHortense de Beauharnais | — | — | |
Georgian SSR | Sakartvelos sabch'ota socialist'uri resp'ublikas sakhelmts'ipo himni[trans 30] | State Anthem of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1946–1991 | Abashidze, GrigolGrigol Abashidze Abasheli, AlexanderAlexander Abasheli |
Taktakishvili, OtarOtar Taktakishvili | SSSR Sakhelmts'ipo himni | — | |
Georgia | Dideba[trans 31] | Praise | 1918–1920 1990–2004 |
Potskhverashvili, KoteKote Potskhverashvili | Potskhverashvili, KoteKote Potskhverashvili | Dideba | — | |
German Empire | Heil dir im Siegerkranz | Hail to Thee in Victor's Crown | 1871–1918 | Harries, HeinrichHeinrich Harries | Unknown | — | ||
Germany | Das Lied der Deutschen | The Song of the Germans | 1918–1933 | von Fallersleben, August Heinrich HoffmannAugust Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben | Haydn, JosephJoseph Haydn | [note 11] | ||
Germany | Das Lied der Deutschen | The Song of the Germans | 1933–1945 | von Fallersleben, August Heinrich HoffmannAugust Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben | Haydn, JosephJoseph Haydn | [note 12] | ||
Federal Republic of Germany | Das Lied der Deutschen | The Song of the Germans | 1918–1933 | von Fallersleben, August Heinrich HoffmannAugust Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben | Haydn, JosephJoseph Haydn | [note 13] | ||
German Democratic Republic | Auferstanden aus Ruinen | Arisen from Ruins | 1949–1990 | Becher, Johannes R.Johannes R. Becher | Eisler, HannsHanns Eisler | Auferstanden aus Ruinen | — | |
Guatemala | La Granadera | The Grenadier | 1847–1879 | Durón, RómuloRómulo Durón | Unknown | La Granadera | — | |
Gran Colombia | Marcha Libertadora | Liberating March | 1819–1830 | Unknown | Unknown | [[File:|noicon|80px]] [[:File:|Marcha Libertadora]] | — | |
Grenada | Grenada National State Anthem | — | 1967–1974 | Rolstan Percival Jawahir Adams | John George Fletcher | — | ||
Haiti | Quand nos Aïeux brisèrent leurs entraves | When our ancestors broke their chains | 1893–1904 | Durand, OswaldOswald Durand | Unknown | — | — | |
Hawaii | God Save the King | — | 1810–1860 | Unknown | Unknown | God Save the King | — | |
Hawaii | E Ola Ke Alii Ke Akua | God Save the King | 1860–1866 | Lunalilo | Unknown | — | — | |
Hawaii | He Mele Lahui Hawaii | The Song of the Hawaiian Nation | 1866–1876 | Liliuokalani | Unknown | — | — | |
Hawaii | Hawaii Ponoi | Hawaii's Own True Sons | 1876–1893 | Kalakaua | Berger, HenriHenri Berger | — | — | |
Hong Kong | God Save The Queen Tin Jau Neo Wong'[trans 32] |
— | 1841-1941 1945-1997 |
Unknown | Unknown | God Save the Queen | — | |
Honduras | La Granadera | The Grenadier | ca. 1838–1915 | Durón, RómuloRómulo Durón | Unknown | La Granadera | — | |
Honduras | Dios Salve a Honduras | God Save Honduras | ca. 1890-1915 | Unknown | Laurcano Campos | — | — | |
Iran (Persia) | Salām-e Shāh[trans 33] | Royal Salute | 1873–1909 | Instrumental | Lemaire, Alfred Jean BaptisteAlfred Jean Baptiste Lemaire | Salām-e Shāh | — | |
Iran (Persia) | Salāmati-ye Dowlat-e Elliye-ye Irān[trans 34] | Salute of Sublime State of Persia | 1909–1934 | Unknown | Minbashian, Gholam-RezaGholam-Reza Minbashian | Salāmati-ye Dowlat-e Elliye-ye Irān | — | |
Iran (Persia) | Sorood-e Shahanshahi Iran[trans 35] | Imperial Anthem of Iran | 1934–1979 | Afsar, Mohammad-HashemMohammad-Hashem Afsar | Najmi Moghaddam, DavudDavud Najmi Moghaddam | Sorood-e Shahanshahi Iran | — | |
Iran (Persia) | Ey Iran[trans 36] | Oh Iran | 1979–1980 | Gol-e-Golab, HosseinHossein Gol-e-Golab | Khaleghi, RuhollahRuhollah Khaleghi | Ey Iran | — | |
Iran (Persia) | Payandeh Bada Iran[trans 37] | A Lasting Iran | 1980–1990 | Halat, AbolghasemAbolghasem Halat | Beglary-Pour, MohammadMohammad Beglary-Pour | Pāyandeh Bādā Irān | — | |
Iraq | Ardulfurataini Watan[trans 38] | The Land of The Two Rivers | 1981–2003 | Alkamali, ShafiqShafiq Alkamali | Gholmieh, Walid GeorgesWalid Georges Gholmieh | — | — | |
Italy | Marcia Reale d'Ordinanza | Royal March of Ordinance | 1861–1946 | Unknown | Gabetti, GiuseppeGiuseppe Gabetti | — | ||
Italian Social Republic | Il Canto degli Italiani | The song of the Italians | 1943–1945 | Mameli, GoffredoGoffredo Mameli | Novaro, MicheleMichele Novaro | — | ||
Katanga | La Katangaise | The Katangan | 1960–1963 | Unknown | Kiwele, S.E. JosephS.E. Joseph Kiwele | — | — | |
Kazakh SSR | Qazaq Sovettik Socïalïstik Respwblïkasınıñ memlekettik änuranı[trans 39] | Anthem of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic | 1945–1992 | Tazhibaev, AbdildaAbdilda Tazhibaev Mukhamedzhanov, SydykSydyk Mukhamedzhanov Musirepov, GabitGabit Musirepov |
Tulebayev, MukanMukan Tulebayev Brusilovsky, YevgenyYevgeny Brusilovsky Khamidi, LatifLatif Khamidi | Qazaq SSR memlekettik änuranı | — | |
Kazakhstan | Qazaqstan Respwblïkasınıñ memlekettik änuranı[trans 40] | Anthem of the Republic of Kazakhstan | 1992–2006 | Alimbayev, MuzafarMuzafar Alimbayev Myrzaliyev, KadyrKadyr Myrzaliyev Moldigaliyev, TumanbaiTumanbai Moldigaliyev Daribayeva, ZhadyraZhadyra Daribayeva | Tulebayev, MukanMukan Tulebayev Brusilovsky, YevgenyYevgeny Brusilovsky Khamidi, LatifLatif Khamidi | Qazaqstan Respwblïkasınıñ memlekettik änuranı | [note 14] | |
Kirghiz SSR | Kyrgyz SSR Mamlekettik Gimni[trans 41] | Anthem of the Kirghiz SSR | 1936–1991 | K. Malikov T. Sydykbekov M. Tokobaev A. Tokombaev. |
Vlasov, VladimirVladimir Vlasov Maldybaev, AbdylasAbdylas Maldybaev Fere, VladimirVladimir Fere |
— | — | |
Korean Empire | Daehan jeguk aegukga[trans 42] | Patriotic song of the Korean Empire | 1902–1910 | Unknown | Eckert, FranzFranz Eckert | [[File:|noicon|80px]] [[:File:|Daehan jeguk aegukga]] | — | |
Kuwait | As-salām al-amīrī[trans 43] | Amiri Salute | 1951–1978 | Instrumental | Adees, YusufYusuf Adees | — | [note 15] | |
Kingdom of Laos | Pheng Xat Lao[trans 44] | Anthem of the Lao people | 1951–1975 | Sounthonevichit, ThongdyThongdy Sounthonevichit | Sounthonevichit, ThongdyThongdy Sounthonevichit | — | [note 16] | |
Latvian SSR | Latvijas Padomju Sociālistiskās Republikas himna | Anthem of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1945–1991 | Rokpelnis, FricisFricis Rokpelnis Vanags, JūlijsJūlijs Vanags |
Liepiņš, AnatolsAnatols Liepiņš | — | — | |
Libya | Lībīya, Lībīya, Lībīya[trans 45] | Libya, Libya, Libya | 1951–1969 | Al Arebi, Al BashirAl Bashir Al Arebi | Wahab, Mohammed AbdelMohammed Abdel Wahab | [note 17] | ||
Libya | Allahu Akbar[trans 46] | God is Greatest | 1969–2011 | El-Sharif, MahmoodMahmood El-Sharif | El-Din, Abdalla ShamsAbdalla Shams El-Din | [note 18] | ||
Lithuanian SSR | Lietuvos Tarybų Socialistinės Respublikos himnas | Anthem of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1950–1991 | Venclova, AntanasAntanas Venclova | Dvarionas, BalysBalys Dvarionas Švedas, JonasJonas Švedas |
— | — | |
Macau | A Portuguesa | The Portuguese | 1911–1999 | Lopes de Mendonça, HenriqueHenrique Lopes de Mendonça | Keil, AlfredoAlfredo Keil | A Portuguesa | [note 19] | |
Mahabad | Ey Reqîb | Oh Enemy | 1945–1947 | Dildar | Unknown | — | [note 20] | |
Marshall Islands | Ij Io̧kwe Ļo̧k Aelōn̄ Eo Aō | I Love the Islands | 1986–1991 | Unknown | Langrine, SamuelSamuel Langrine | — | — | |
Federated States of Micronesia | Preamble | 1989–1991 | Unknown | Unknown | — | — | ||
Moldavian SSR | Imnul de Stat al RSS Moldoveneşti | State Anthem of the Moldavian SSR | 1945–1991 | Bukov, EmilianEmilian Bukov Bodarev, IvanIvan Bodarev |
Neaga, ŞtefanŞtefan Neaga Lazarev, EduardEduard Lazarev |
— | — | |
Montenegro | Ubavoj nam Crnoj Gori[trans 47] | Our Beautiful Montenegro | 1910–1918 | Sundečić, JovanJovan Sundečić | Ivanišević, JovoJovo Ivanišević | Ubavoj nam Crnoj Gori | — | |
Mozambique | Viva, Viva a FRELIMO | Long Live FRELIMO | 1975–2002 | Chemane, Justino SigaulaneJustino Sigaulane Chemane | Chemane, Justino SigaulaneJustino Sigaulane Chemane | — | ||
Nepal | Rastriya Gaan[trans 48] | May Glory Crown Our Illustrious Sovereign | 1899–2007 | Chalise, ChakrapaniChakrapani Chalise | Budhapirthi, BakhatbirBakhatbir Budhapirthi | — | ||
Netherlands | Wien Neêrlands Bloed | Those in whom Dutch blood | 1815–1932 | Tollens, HendrikHendrik Tollens | Wilms, Johann WilhelmJohann Wilhelm Wilms | Wien Neêrlands Bloed | — | |
Netherlands Antilles | Anthem without a title | — | 2000–2010 | Hiliman, ZahiraZahira Hiliman Lucille Berry-Haseth |
Hiliman, ZahiraZahira Hiliman | — | — | |
Newfoundland | Ode to Newfoundland | — | 1907–1949 | Boyle, CavendishCavendish Boyle | Parry, HubertHubert Parry | — | [note 21] | |
Nicaragua | Hermosa Soberana | Beautiful and Sovereign | 1893–1910 | Unknown | Cousin, AlejandroAlejandro Cousin | — | — | |
Nigeria | Nigeria We Hail Thee | — | 1960–1978 | Williams, Lilian JeanLilian Jean Williams | Benda, FrancesFrances Benda | — | — | |
Norway | Norges Skaal | Toast to Norway | 1771–1819 | Bruhn, Johan NordahlJohan Nordahl Bruhn | Unknown | — | — | |
Norway | Sønner av Norge | Sons of Norway | 1820–c.1905 | Bjerregaard, Henrik AnkerHenrik Anker Bjerregaard | Blom, ChristianChristian Blom | — | — | |
Oldenburg | Heil dir, o Oldenburg | Hail to thee, o Oldenburg | 1844–1871 | von Kobbe, TheodorTheodor von Kobbe | Cecilia, Grand Duchess of Oldenburg, Cecilia, Grand Duchess of Oldenburg | — | [note 4] | |
Orange Free State | Heft, Burgers, 't lied der vrijheid | Sing, Citizens, the song of Freedom | 1854–1902 | Hamelberg, H. A. L.H. A. L. Hamelberg | Nicolai, W. F. G.W. F. G. Nicolai | — | [15] | |
Ottoman Empire | Mahmudiye Marşı | March of Mahmud | 1829–1839 1918–1922 |
Instrumental | Donizetti, GiuseppeGiuseppe Donizetti | — | [note 22] | |
Ottoman Empire | Mecidiye Marşı | March of Abdülmecid | 1839–1861 | Instrumental | Donizetti, GiuseppeGiuseppe Donizetti | — | — | |
Ottoman Empire | Aziziye Marşı | March of Abdülaziz | 1861–1876 | Instrumental | Guatelli, CallistoCallisto Guatelli | — | ||
Ottoman Empire | Hamidiye Marşı | March of Abdulhamid | 1876–1909 | Unknown | Paşa, NecipNecip Paşa | Hamidiye Marşı | — | |
Ottoman Empire | Reşadiye Marşı | March of Mehmed Reşad | 1909–1918 | Unknown | Selvelli, ItaloItalo Selvelli | Reşadiye Marşı | — | |
Papal States | Noi vogliam Dio, Vergine Maria | Virgin Mary, We Desire God | 1800–1857 | Unknown | Unknown | — | — | |
Papal States | Marcia trionfale | Triumphal March | 1857–1869 | Instrumental | Hallmayer, ViktorinViktorin Hallmayer | [note 23] | ||
Philippines | Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan | Noble Hymn of the Tagalogs | 1895–1899 | Nakpil, JuanJuan Nakpil | Nakpil, JuanJuan Nakpil | — | — | |
Portugal | Hymno Patriótico | Patriotic Hymn | 1809–1826 | Unknown | Portugal, Marcos AntónioMarcos António Portugal | Hymno Patriótico | — | |
Portugal | Hino da Carta | Hymn to the Charter | 1826–1911 | Pedro IV of Portugal, Pedro IV of Portugal | Pedro IV of Portugal, Pedro IV of Portugal | Hino da Carta | — | |
Prussia | Borussia | Prussia | 1820–1830 | Dunker, Joseph Friedrich LeopoldJoseph Friedrich Leopold Dunker | Spontini, GaspareGaspare Spontini | — | — | |
Prussia | Preußenlied | Song of Prussia | 1830–1840 | Thiersch, BernhardBernhard Thiersch | Neithardt, AugustAugust Neithardt | — | — | |
Rhodesia and Nyasaland | God Save The Queen | — | 1953–1963 | Unknown | Unknown | God Save the Queen | — | |
Rhodesia | God Save the Queen | — | 1965–1970 | Unknown | Unknown | God Save the Queen | [note 24][16] | |
Rhodesia | Rise, O Voices of Rhodesia | — | 1974–1979 | Bloom, MaryMary Bloom | Beethoven, Ludwig vanLudwig van Beethoven | Rise, O Voices of Rhodesia | [note 24][16] | |
Romania | Trăiască Regele | Long live the King | 1881–1947 | Alecsandri, VasileVasile Alecsandri | Hübsch, EduardEduard Hübsch | — | [17] | |
Romania | Zdrobite cătuşe | Broken Handcuffs | 1948–1953 | Baranga, AurelAurel Baranga | Socor, MateiMatei Socor | — | [17] | |
Romania | Te slăvim, Românie | We glorify thee, Romania | 1953–1977 | Frunză, EugenEugen Frunză Dan Deşliu |
Socor, MateiMatei Socor | [17] | ||
Romania | Trei culori | Three Colours | 1977–1989 | Unknown; adapted from the original Cântecul tricolorului | Porumbescu, CiprianCiprian Porumbescu | [17] | ||
Russian Empire | Molitva russkikh[trans 49] | The Prayer of Russians | 1816–1833 | Zhukovsky, VasilyVasily Zhukovsky | Unknown (same tune as God Save the Queen) | Molitva russkikh | — | |
Russian Empire | Bozhe, Tsarya khrani![trans 1] | God Save the Tsar! | 1833–1917 | Zhukovsky, VasilyVasily Zhukovsky | Lvov, AlexeiAlexei Lvov | Bozhe, Tsarya khrani! | — | |
Russian Republic | Rabochaya Marselyeza[trans 50] | Worker's Marseillaise | 1917 | Lavrov, PyotrPyotr Lavrov | Lisle, Claude Joseph Rouget deClaude Joseph Rouget de Lisle | Rabochaya Marselyeza | — | |
Russian SFSR | Rabochaya Marselyeza[trans 50] | Worker's Marseillaise | 1917–1918 | Lavrov, PyotrPyotr Lavrov | Lisle, Claude Joseph Rouget deClaude Joseph Rouget de Lisle | Rabochaya Marselyeza | [note 25] | |
Russian SFSR | Internatsional[trans 51] | The Internationale | 1917–1944 | Pottier, EugèneEugène Pottier | De Geyter, PierrePierre De Geyter | Internatsional | [note 25] | |
Russian Federation | Patrioticheskaya Pesnya'[trans 52] | The Patriotic Song | 1990–2000 | Instrumental | Glinka, MikhailMikhail Glinka | Patrioticheskaya Pesnya | [18] | |
Rwanda | Rwanda Rwacu | Our Rwanda | 1962–2002 | Habarurema, MichaelMichael Habarurema Abanyuramatwi |
Habarurema, MichaelMichael Habarurema Abanyuramatwi |
— | — | |
San Marino | Giubilanti d'amore fraterno | Praise of Brotherly Love | ?–1896 | Balsimelli, UlisseUlisse Balsimelli | Muccioli, AurelioAurelio Muccioli | — | — | |
Kingdom of Sarawak | Gone Forth Beyond the Sea | — | ?–1946 | Brooke, MargaretMargaret Brooke | Unknown | — | — | |
Sarawak | Fair Land Sarawak | — | 1946–1973 | Ogden, FCFC Ogden | Freeth, GeorgeGeorge Freeth | — | — | |
Sardinia | S'hymnu sardu nationale | The Sardinian National Anthem | 1842–1861 | Angius, VittorioVittorio Angius | Gonella, GiovanniGiovanni Gonella | — | — | |
Saxony | Sachsen Hymne | Hymn of Saxony | 1806–1871 | Hallbauer, MaximilianMaximilian Hallbauer | Otto, Ernst JuliusErnst Julius Otto | — | [note 4] | |
Saudi Arabia | السلام الملكي السعودي | The Royal Saudi Anthem | 1953–1984 | Khafaji, IbrahimIbrahim Khafaji | Al-Khateeb, Abdul RahmanAbdul Rahman Al-Khateeb | — | — | |
Serbia and Montenegro | Hej, Sloveni | Hey, Slavs | 1991–2006 | Tomášik, SamuelSamuel Tomášik | Ogiński, Michał KleofasMichał Kleofas Ogiński | Hej, Sloveni | [note 2] | |
Seychelles | En Avant | Forward | 1976–1978 | Unknown | Unknown | — | — | |
Seychelles | Fyer Seselwa | Be Proud Seychellois | 1978–1996 | Unknown | Dastros-Gèze, PierrePierre Dastros-Gèze | — | — | |
Siam | Phleng Sansoen Phra Barami[trans 53] | Siamese Royal Anthem | 1913–1932 | Nuvadtivongs, NarisaraNarisara Nuvadtivongs Vajiravudh |
Unknown | Phleng Sansoen Phra Barami | [note 26] | |
Slovenia | Naprej, zastava slave | Forward, Flag of Glory | 1860–1990 | Jenko, SimonSimon Jenko | Jenko, DavorinDavorin Jenko | [note 27] | ||
Somalia | Heesta qaranqa Soomaaliya | National anthem of Somalia | 1960–2000 | Instrumental | Blanc, GiuseppeGiuseppe Blanc | — | — | |
Somalia | Soomaaliyeey toosoo | Somalia, Wake Up | 2000–2012 | Mire Awale, AliAli Mire Awale | Mire Awale, AliAli Mire Awale Yusuf Haji Aden |
Soomaaliyeey toosoo | [note 28] | |
South Africa | Die Stem van Suid-Afrika | The Call of South Africa | 1957–1997 | Langenhoven, Cornelis JacobusCornelis Jacobus Langenhoven | de Villiers, Marthinus LourensMarthinus Lourens de Villiers | Die Stem van Suid-Afrika | [note 29][21] | |
South Africa | Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika | God Bless Africa | 1994–1997 | Sontonga, EnochEnoch Sontonga | Parry, JosephJoseph Parry | — | [note 29][21] | |
South African Republic | Volkslied van Transvaal | National anthem of the Transvaal | 1875–1902 | van Rees, CatharinaCatharina van Rees | van Rees, CatharinaCatharina van Rees | [22] | ||
Soviet Union | Internatsional[trans 51] | The Internationale | 1922–1944 | Pottier, EugèneEugène Pottier | De Geyter, PierrePierre De Geyter | Internatsional | — | |
Soviet Union | Gosudarstvenniy Gimn SSSR[trans 54] | Hymn of the Soviet Union | 1944–1991 | Mikhalkov, SergeySergey Mikhalkov | Alexandrov, AlexanderAlexander Alexandrov | Gosudarstvenniy Gimn SSSR | — | |
Spain | Himno de Riego | Anthem of Riego | 1931–1939 | Gomis, José MelchorJosé Melchor Gomis | Gomis, José MelchorJosé Melchor Gomis | Himno de Riego | [23] | |
Switzerland | Rufst du, mein Vaterland | When you call, my fatherland | c. 1850–1961 | Wyss, Johann RudolfJohann Rudolf Wyss Henri Roehrich |
Unknown (same tune as God Save the Queen) | Rufst du, mein Vaterland | [24] | |
Tajik SSR | Gimni Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston[trans 55] | State Anthem of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic | 1946–1994 | Lahouti, AbolqasemAbolqasem Lahouti | Yudakov, SuleimanSuleiman Yudakov | — | — | |
Transkei (Bantustan) |
Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika | God Bless Africa | 1976–1994 | Sontonga, EnochEnoch Sontonga | Parry, JosephJoseph Parry | — | — | |
Tunisia | Salam al-Bey[trans 56] | Beylical Salute | 1846–1958 | Unknown | Unknown | — | — | |
Tunisia | Ala Khallidi[trans 57] | Immortal and Precious | 1958–1987 | Naccache, JalaleddineJalaleddine Naccache | El Mahdi, SalahSalah El Mahdi | — | — | |
Turkey | İstiklâl Marşı | Independence March | 1924–1930 | Ersoy, Mehmet AkifMehmet Akif Ersoy | Osman Zeki Üngör, Osman Zeki Üngör | İstiklâl Marşı (1938) | — | |
Turkmen SSR | Türkmienistan Soviet Socialistik Riespublikasy Döwlet Gimni | State Anthem of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic | 1946–1997 | Kekilov, AmanAman Kekilov | Mukhatov, VeliVeli Mukhatov | [note 30] | ||
Two Sicilies | Inno al Re | Hymn to the King | 1816–1861 | Unknown | Paisiello, GiovanniGiovanni Paisiello | — | — | |
Ukrainian SSR | Derzhavnyy himn URSR[trans 58] | State Anthem of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1949–1991 | Lebednyets, Anton DmytrovychAnton Dmytrovych Lebednyets | Tychyna, PavloPavlo Tychyna | Derzhavnyy himn URSR | — | |
United Arab Republic | Walla Zaman Ya Selahy[trans 27] | Oh My Weapon | 1960–1971 | Jahin, SalahSalah Jahin | Al Taweel, KamalKamal Al Taweel | — | — | |
United States | My Country, 'Tis of Thee | — | c. 1831–1931 (de facto) |
Smith, Samuel FrancisSamuel Francis Smith | Unknown (same tune as God Save the Queen) | My Country 'Tis Of Thee | [note 1] | |
Upper Volta | Hymne National Voltaïque | Voltaique National Anthem | 1960–1984 | Ouedraogo, RobertRobert Ouedraogo | Ouedraogo, RobertRobert Ouedraogo | — | — | |
Uzbek SSR | O'zbekiston Sovet Sotsialist Respublikasining davlat madhiyasi | State Anthem of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic | 1947–1992 | Fattah, TimurTimur Fattah Tula, TurabTurab Tula |
Burkhanov, MutalMutal Burkhanov | — | — | |
Vatican City | Marcia trionfale | Triumphal March | 1869–1950 | Instrumental | Hallmayer, ViktorinViktorin Hallmayer | [note 23] | ||
Venda (Bantustan) |
Pfano na vhuthihi | Peace and Togetherness | 1979–1994 | Unknown | Unknown | — | — | |
Nguyễn Vietnam | Đăng đàn cung | The King mounts his throne | 1802–1945 | Thieu, UngUng Thieu | Chaigneau, J.B.J.B. Chaigneau | — | — | |
South Vietnam | Tiếng Gọi Công Dân | Call to the Citizens | 1955–1975 | Phuoc, Luu HuuLuu Huu Phuoc | Phuoc, Luu HuuLuu Huu Phuoc | Tiếng Gọi Công Dân | [note 31] | |
South Vietnam | Giải phóng miền Nam | Liberate the South | 1975-1976 | Phuoc, Luu HuuLuu Huu Phuoc | Phuoc, Luu HuuLuu Huu Phuoc | Giải phóng miền Nam | — | |
West Papua | Hai Tanahku Papua | Oh My Land Papua | 1961–1963 | Kijne, Izaak SamuelIzaak Samuel Kijne | Kijne, Izaak SamuelIzaak Samuel Kijne | — | — | |
Württemberg | Württemberger Hymne | Hymn of Württemberg | 1806–1871 | Unknown | von Lindpaintner, Peter JosefPeter Josef von Lindpaintner | — | [note 4] | |
Kingdom of Yugoslavia | Himna Kraljevine Jugoslavije | Hymn of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia | 1918–1941 | Đorđević, JovanJovan Đorđević Mihanović, AntunAntun Mihanović Jenko, SimonSimon Jenko |
Jenko, DavorinDavorin Jenko Runjanin, JosifJosif Runjanin |
Himna Kraljevine Jugoslavije | [note 32] | |
SFR Yugoslavia | Hej, Sloveni | Hey, Slavs | 1977–1991 | Tomášik, SamuelSamuel Tomášik | Ogiński, Michał KleofasMichał Kleofas Ogiński | Hej, Sloveni | [27] | |
Zaire | La Zaïroise | The Zairian | 1972–1997 | Lutumba, JosephJoseph Lutumba | Londi, Simon-Pierre Boka Di MpasiSimon-Pierre Boka Di Mpasi Londi | — | ||
Zimbabwe | Ishe Komborera Africa | God Bless Africa | 1980–1994 | Sontonga, EnochEnoch Sontonga | Parry, JosephJoseph Parry | — | [note 33] |
See also
- Historical Chinese anthems
- List of national anthems
- List of anthems of non-sovereign countries, regions and territories
Footnotes
- 1 2 My Country, 'Tis of Thee is generally considered to have been the de facto national anthem of the United States prior to 1931, but not universally. Alternatives included Hail, Columbia, and the modern anthem, The Star-Spangled Banner.[25][26]
- 1 2 Serbia and Montenegro was called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until 4 February 2003.[19]
- 1 2 3 4 5 The same tune was used for numerous Austrian and Austro-Hungarian national anthems; only the lyrics changed. Although the official lyrics were in German, versions of the anthems used during the imperial period (until 1918) existed in several other languages from throughout the empire: Croatian, Czech, Hungarian, Italian, Polish and Slovene.[8]
- 1 2 3 4 5 The anthems of the previously independent German kingdoms and duchies continued to be used as regional anthems until the fall of the German Empire in 1918.
- ↑ Brazil became a republic in 1888, but retained Hino Nacional Brasileiro as its national anthem.
- ↑ From 1908 a royal anthem, Anthem of His Majesty the Tsar,[trans 13] was adopted and played immediately after the anthem whenever the monarch was present.
- ↑ Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada was adopted in 1975 by both Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau on their respective independence from Portugal. Cape Verde introduced a unique anthem in 1996, but it remains the national anthem of Guinea-Bissau.
- ↑ The Confederate States never adopted an official national anthem. The Civil War Trust firmly states that the "honor rightly belongs to" God Save the South, the first piece of music published in the country, "because of its stirring poetry and its outstanding musical setting". Commonly cited alternatives include the popular song Dixie and The Bonnie Blue Flag, a marching song.[10][11]
- ↑ Only the first verses of each anthem were sung during the union of the Czech lands with Slovakia.
- ↑ Although it is the first to appear on this list, Chant du départ was not the original national anthem of France; La Marseillaise, the modern national anthem, was originally used from 1795 to 1799. It was readopted in 1870.
- ↑ During Germany's Weimar period, all three verses of Das Lied der Deutschen were sung, whereas today only the third verse is sung.
- ↑ During Germany's Nazi period, only the first verse of Das Lied der Deutschen was sung, and followed by Horst-Wessel-Lied, the SA song written by Horst Wessel.
- ↑ Only the third verse, as well as today.
- ↑ The same melody was used for the Kazakh national anthem in the early years of independence, before it was replaced with the current anthem, Meniñ Qazaqstanım.
- ↑ The modern national anthem of Kuwait, adopted in 1978, retains Amiri Salute in its entirety as an opening fanfare.[13]
- ↑ After the founding of the present Lao People's Democratic Republic, Pheng Xat Lao had its words, but not its music, changed.
- ↑ Lībīya, Lībīya, Lībīya, relinquished in 1969, was re-adopted as the national anthem of Libya after the victory of the National Transitional Council over the Gaddafi forces in 2011, the only difference being the omission of a verse glorifying King Idris.
- ↑ As of June 2011, Lībīya, Lībīya, Lībīya is used as Libya's national anthem by the National Transitional Council (NTC), the political body that represents Anti-Gaddafi forces. The NTC is recognised by several United Nations members as the legitimate government of Libya.[14]
- ↑ From 1802 until 1911 the anthem of Macau was Hymno Patriótico followed by Hino da Carta, the same as that of Portugal.
- ↑ The song Ey Reqîb is still used as the regional anthem of Iraqi Kurdistan, and as the anthem of the Kurdish people in general.
- ↑ When Newfoundland joined the Canadian Confederation in 1949, Ode to Newfoundland lost its status as a national anthem. The Canadian province of Newfoundland became the first to adopt a provincial anthem in 1980 when the song was readopted.
- ↑ The last Ottoman sultan, Mehmed VI, decided not to have a special march for himself, but used the first Ottoman anthem, Mahmudiye.
- 1 2 The Papal States became part of Italy in 1869, but the anthem was retained as the Vatican City's first anthem until 1950.
- 1 2 Rhodesia's 1965 Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) went unrecognised by the United Kingdom and the United Nations, both of which continued to consider Rhodesia to be the British colony of Southern Rhodesia. Despite declaring independence, the de facto Rhodesian government still maintained loyalty to Elizabeth II and so retained Britain's national anthem, God Save the Queen, until it declared Rhodesia a republic in 1970. A replacement anthem was not adopted until 1974, when Rise, O Voices of Rhodesia came into use. God Save the Queen remained Rhodesia's de jure national anthem throughout the UDI period of 1965 to 1979.
- 1 2 The Worker's Marseillaise was briefly used alongside The Internationale by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1917 to 1918.
- ↑ Although replaced as national anthem in 1932, Sansoen Phra Barami was retained as Siam's (and, following the country's change of name in 1939, Thailand's) royal anthem.
- ↑ Naprej, zastava slave is still used by the Slovenian Armed Forces.
- ↑ Served as Somalia's national anthem until 2012, when it was replaced with Qolobaa Calankeed.
- 1 2 The Call of South Africa and God Bless Africa became co-national anthems of South Africa in 1994. The modern South African national anthem, adopted in 1997, uses elements from each in separate segments.[20]
- ↑ The anthem continued to be used in the early years of Turkmenistan's independence, until the adoption of the current anthem in 1997.
- ↑ The song was originally called Thanh Niên Hành Khúc (English: March of the Youths); the title and words were altered significantly when it became national anthem, though the music remained the same. Luu Huu Phuoc was still officially credited for both the music and the lyrics.
- ↑ The anthem was a medley of Bože pravde, Lijepa naša domovino and Naprej, zastava slave, the anthems of Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia respectively.
- ↑ Ishe Komborera Africa is a translation of Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika from Xhosa into Shona and Ndebele.
Translations and transliterations
- 1 2 Russian: Боже, Царя храни!; transliterated as Bozhe, Tsarya khrani!
- ↑ Translates from Dutch as The William
- ↑ Translates from Spanish as The Royal March
- ↑ Translates from French as The Return of the French Princes to Paris
- ↑ Translates from German as Hail to Thee in Victor's Crown
- ↑ Translates from German as The Song of the Germans
- ↑ Translates from German as God save Emperor Francis
- ↑ Russian: Государственный гимн СССР; transliterated as Gosudarstvenniy Gimn SSSR
- ↑ Translates from Serbo-Croatian as Hey, Slavs
- 1 2 3 Persian: سرود ملی
- ↑ Armenian: Հայկական ՍՍՀ օրհներգ
- ↑ Bulgarian: Шуми Марица
- ↑ Bulgarian: Химн на Негово Величество Царя; transliterated as Himn na Negovo Velichestvo Tsarya
- ↑ Bulgarian: Републико наша, здравей!
- ↑ Bulgarian: Бъларио мила
- ↑ Belarusian: Дзяржаўны гімн БССР
- ↑ Khmer: បទចំរៀងនៃសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ
- ↑ Khmer: ដប់ប្រាំពីរមេសាមហាជោគជ័យ
- ↑ Chinese: 李中堂乐
- ↑ Chinese: 颂龙旗
- ↑ Chinese: 鞏金甌
- ↑ Chinese: 中國雄立宇宙間
- ↑ Chinese: 卿云歌
- ↑ Chinese: 國民革命歌
- ↑ Chinese: 国际歌
- ↑ Egyptian Arabic: اسلمى يا مصر
- 1 2 Egyptian Arabic: والله زمان يا سلاحي
- ↑ Amharic: ኢትዮጵያ ሆይ ደስ ይበልሽ?
- ↑ Amharic: ኢትዮጵያ, ኢትዮጵያ, ኢትዮጵያ ቅደሚ?
- ↑ Georgian: საქართველოს საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკის სახელმწიფო ჰიმნი
- ↑ Georgian: დიდება
- ↑ Chinese: 天佑女王
- ↑ Persian: سلام شاه
- ↑ Persian: سلامتی دولت علیهٔ ایران
- ↑ Persian: سرود شاهنشاهی ایران
- ↑ Persian: ای ایران
- ↑ Persian: پاینده بادا ایران
- ↑ Iraqi Arabic: أرض الفراتين
- ↑ Kazakh: Қазақ Советтiк Социалистік Республикасының мемлекеттік әнұраны
- ↑ Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасының Мемлекеттік Әнұраны
- ↑ Kirghiz: Кыргыз ССР Мамлекеттик Гимни
- ↑ Korean: 대한제국 애국가
- ↑ Arabic: السلام الأميري
- ↑ Lao: ເພງຊາດລາວ
- ↑ Libyan Arabic: لیبیا، لیبیا، لیبیا
- ↑ Libyan Arabic: الله أكبر
- ↑ Serbian Cyrillic: Убавој нам Црној Гори
- ↑ Nepali: राष्ट्रिय गान्
- ↑ Russian: Молитва русских
- 1 2 Russian: Рабочая Марсельеза
- 1 2 Russian: Интернационал
- ↑ Russian: Патриотическая Песня
- ↑ Thai: เพลงสรรเสริญพระบารมี
- ↑ Russian: Государственный гимн СССР
- ↑ Tajik: Гимни Республикаи Советии Сотсиалистии Тоҷикистон
- ↑ Arabic: سلام الباي
- ↑ Arabic: ألا خلّدي
- ↑ Ukrainian: Державний гімн УРСР
References
- General
- Bristow, Michael Jamieson (2006-10-28). National Anthems of the World. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-36826-1.
- Bristow, Michael Jamieson. "History of anthems". Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- Hang, Xing (2003-09-28). Encyclopedia of National Anthems. The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4847-3.
- Leonard, Hal (1996-01-01). National Anthems from Around the World. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 0-7935-6079-9.
- Sousa, John Philip (1890). National, patriotic and typical airs of all lands: with copious notes. H. Coleman.
- "nationalanthems.info".
- Specific
- ↑ "Anthem". Reference.com. Lexico Publishing Group. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
- ↑ "The Dutch Royal House". Dutch Royal House. Archived from the original on 2008-02-10. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
- ↑ "Lost for words". The Economist. 2007-07-26. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
- ↑ "National Anthem". Russia's State Symbols. RIA Novosti. 2007-06-07. Retrieved 2009-12-20.
- ↑ Zolotov, Andrei (2000-12-01). "Russian Orthodox Church Approves as Putin Decides to Sing to a Soviet Tune". Christianity Today Magazine. Christianity Today International. Retrieved 2009-12-19.
- ↑ "Serbia Montenegro song falls flat". London: BBC Sport. 2004-08-11. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- 1 2 3 4 Bristow. "Afghanistan National Anthem (1943-1973)". Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Jones, David Wyn (2009). Oxford Composer Companions: Haydn. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 120.
- ↑ "History of Chinese national anthems in a hundred years". People's Daily (in Chinese). Communist Party of China. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ↑ "Civil War Music: God Save the South". Washington, D.C.: Civil War Trust. Retrieved 2011-07-22.
- ↑ Sacks, Howard L.; Sacks, Judith (1993). Way up North in Dixie: A Black Family's Claim to the Confederate Anthem. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 4. ISBN 0-252-07160-3.
- ↑ "The social and cultural conception of Mustafa Sadiq Alrafii". Asian and African Studies. Jerusalem Academic Press. 13: 101–129. 1979. ISSN 0066-8281.
- ↑ "National anthem". Kuwait Info. Government of Kuwait. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
- ↑ "Germany recognises Libya rebels as sole government". London: BBC News. 2011-06-13. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ↑ Sousa 1890, p. 180
- 1 2 Bristow. "Rhodesia". Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- 1 2 3 4 Bristow. "Romania". Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ↑ Bristow. "Russian Federation". Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ↑ "Timeline: after Milosevic". London: BBC News. 2006-06-06. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- 1 2 "National anthem". Government of South Africa. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- 1 2 Bristow. "South Africa". Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ↑ Sousa 1890, p. 253
- ↑ "The 10... most preposterous opening ceremonies". The Observer. London: Guardian News and Media. 2004-01-18. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ↑ Kreis, Georg (1991). Der Mythos von 1291. Zur Entstehung des schweizerischen Nationalfeiertages. Basel: F. Reinhardt. pp. 67–69.
- ↑ Snyder, Lois Leo (1990). Encyclopedia of Nationalism. Paragon House. p. 13. ISBN 1-55778-167-2.
- ↑ Barton, Laura (2009-01-23). "Hail, Hail, Rock'n'Roll". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ↑ Bristow. "Yugoslavia". Retrieved 2011-06-20.