Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States
Hispanic and Latino Americans have received a growing share of the national vote in the United States by their growing number. They have traditionally been a Democratic constituency, in the main.[1]
Hispanic/Latino Participation and Key Issues
Most Cuban-Americans and Venezuelan-Americans tend to support the Republican Party, while Mexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans, Salvadoran-Americans, and Dominican-Americans tend to support the Democratic Party. As the latter groups are far more numerous (Mexican Americans alone are 64% of Hispanics),[2] the Democratic Party is considered to be in a far stronger position among Hispanics overall. The U.S. Census indicates that the Hispanic population of the United States is the fastest growing minority group in the country.[3]
More than 9% of eligible voters nationwide are Latino. The majority support for Democratic candidates continues a pattern among Hispanic voters. In a December 2011, 67% of Hispanics said they were Democrats, and 20% of Hispanics said they were Republicans.[4]
In the 2010 midterm elections, 60% of Hispanics voted Democratic, while 38% voted Republican.[5] In 2008, 67% of Hispanics voted for Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama, while 31% of Hispanics voted for Republican presidential candidate John McCain.[6] In 2006, 69% of Latino voters supported Democratic candidates in congressional races, while 30% supported Republican candidates.
According to an October 2010 report by the Pew Hispanic Center, Hispanics rank education, jobs, and health care as their top three issues of concern. Immigration ranks as the fourth most important issue for all Latinos.[7]
A 2012 study by the Center for Immigration Studies projected that in November 2012 Hispanics would comprise 17.2 percent of the total U.S. population, 15 percent of adults, 11.2 percent of adult citizens, and 8.9 percent of actual voters. By comparison, the report found that in 2012, non-Hispanic whites are expected to be 73.4 percent of the national vote and non-Hispanic blacks are expected to be 12.2 percent. The report noted that by weight "eight percentage points of the Hispanic vote nationally equals slightly less than one percentage point of the non-Hispanic white vote." The study also compared the 8.9 percent Hispanic share of voters to veterans (12 percent of the electorate), those with family incomes above $100,000 (18 percent), seniors 65 and older (19 percent), married persons (60 percent), and those who live in owner-occupied housing (80 percent).[8]
In terms of voter turnout, the Center for Immigration Studies projected that 52.7 percent (± 0.6) of eligible Hispanics will vote in the 2012 election, an increase from 49.9 percent in 2008 and a continuation of the past decade's long upward trend. The projected Hispanic voter participation rate of 52.7 percent compares to 66.1 percent for non-Hispanic whites and 65.2 percent for non-Hispanic blacks in 2008.[8]
Timeline of events
This is a timeline of significant events in Hispanic history which have shaped the conservative movement in the United States.
- 1860's
- 1863 - Romualdo Pacheco elected as California State Treasurer
- Francisco Perea (New Mexico Territory) elected to U.S. Congress (non voting delegate)
- 1865 - José Francisco Chaves (New Mexico Territory) elected to U.S. Congress (non voting delegate)
- 1870's
- 1871 - Romualdo Pacheco elected as Lieutenant Governor of California
- 1875 - Romualdo Pacheco appointed as Governor of California
- 1877 - Romualdo Pacheco (CA) elected to U.S. Congress and Trinidad Romero (New Mexico Territory) elected to U.S. Congress (non voting delegate)
- 1879 - Mariano S. Otero (New Mexico Territory) elected to U.S. Congress (non voting delegate)
- 1880's
- 1881 - Tranquilino Luna (New Mexico Territory) elected to U.S. Congress (non voting delegate)
- 1890's
- 1897 - Miguel Antonio Otero elected as Governor of New Mexico Territory
- 1899 - Pedro Perea (New Mexico Territory) elected to U.S. Congress (non voting delegate)
- 1900's
- 1901 - Federico Degetau elected to U.S. Congress (1st Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico)
- 1905 - Tulio Larrinaga elected to U.S. Congress (1st Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico)
- 1910's
- 1911 - Luis Muñoz Rivera elected to U.S. Congress (1st Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico)
- 1917 - Félix Córdova Dávila (Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico) and Benigno C. Hernández (NM) elected to U.S. Congress
- 1919 - Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo elected as Governor of New Mexico
- 1920's
- 1921 - Néstor Montoya (NM) elected to U.S. Congress
- 1928 - Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo elected as United States Senator from New Mexico
- 1960's
- 1967 - Ben Fernandez creates the Republican National Hispanic Assembly
- 1969 - Luis A. Ferré elected as Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
- Jorge Luis Córdova (Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico) and Manuel Lujan, Jr. (NM) elected to U.S. Congress
- 1970's
- 1971 - President Richard M. Nixon appoints Romana Acosta Bañuelos as Treasurer of the United States
- 1977 - Baltasar Corrada del Río elected to U.S. Congress (Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico)
- 1979 - Mike Curb elected as Lieutenant Governor of California
- 1980's
- 1981 - President Ronald Reagan appoints John Gavin as United States Ambassador to Mexico
- 1983 - President Ronald Reagan appoints Katherine D. Ortega as Treasurer of the United States
- Barbara Vucanovich (NV) is elected to U.S. Congress
- Patricia Dillon Cafferata is elected Nevada State Treasurer
- Barbara Vucanovich (NV) is elected to U.S. Congress
- 1985 - President Ronald Reagan appoints Linda Chavez as Assistant to the President for Public Liaison
- 1987 - Bob Martinez elected as Governor of Florida
- 1989 - President George H. W. Bush appoints Manuel Lujan, Jr. as United States Secretary of the Interior
- Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (FL) is elected to U.S. Congress
- 1990's
- 1990 - President George H. W. Bush appoints Vice Admiral Dr. Antonia Novello as Surgeon General of the United States
- 1991 - President George H. W. Bush appoints Bob Martinez as Director of the National Drug Control Policy
- 1993 - Henry Bonilla (TX) and Lincoln Diaz-Balart (FL) elected to U.S. Congress
- 1995 - Tony Garza appointed Texas Secretary of State
- 1997 - John E. Sununu (NH) is elected to U.S. Congress
- Alberto Gonzales appointed Texas Secretary of State
- 1999 - Alberto Gonzales elected as Associate Justice of the Texas Supreme Court
- 2000's
- 2000 - Matthew G. Martinez (CA) Democratic Congressman joins GOP
- 2001 - President George W. Bush appoints the following:
- Hector Barreto as Administrator of the Small Business Administration
- Rosario Marin as Treasurer of the United States
- Mel Martinez as United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
- Alberto Gonzales as White House Counsel
- Elsa Murano as Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food Safety
- Leslie Sanchez as Executive Director, White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans
- Cari M. Dominguez as Chair of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
- Major General William A. Navas, Jr. as Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)
- Michael Montelongo as Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Financial Management & Comptroller)
- Alberto J. Mora as General Counsel of the Navy
- Michael L. Dominguez as Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Manpower & Reserve Affairs)
- Dionel M. Aviles as Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management and Comptroller)
- Israel Hernandez as Deputy Assistant to the President
- Douglas Domenech as Deputy Director of the Office of External and Intergovernmental Affairs in the United States Department of the Interior
- Colonel Dr. Jacob Lozada as Assistant Secretary of Veterans Affairs
- Ruben Barrales as Director of Intergovermental Affairs in the White House
- 2002 - President George W. Bush appoints Tony Garza as United States Ambassador to Mexico
- 2003 - President George W. Bush appoints the following:
- Roger Noriega as Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs
- Rear Admiral Dr. Cristina V. Beato as United States Assistant Secretary for Health
- Colonel Dr. Jacob Lozada as Human Resource Agency's Special Advisor to the Director of OPM for Diversity Strategy
- Mario Diaz-Balart (FL) elected to U.S. Congress
- Texas Attorney General Greg Abbott appoints Ted Cruz as Solicitor General of Texas
- Brian Sandoval elected as Attorney General of Nevada
- John E. Sununu elected as United States Senator from New Hampshire
- Brian Sandoval elected as Attorney General of Nevada
- Texas Attorney General Greg Abbott appoints Ted Cruz as Solicitor General of Texas
- Mario Diaz-Balart (FL) elected to U.S. Congress
- 2004 - President George W. Bush appoints Dionel M. Aviles as Under Secretary of the Navy
- 2005 - President George W. Bush appoints the following:
- Alberto Gonzales as United States Attorney General
- Carlos Gutierrez as United States Secretary of Commerce
- Anna Escobedo Cabral as Treasurer of the United States
- Michael L. Dominguez as acting United States Secretary of the Air Force
- Emilio T. Gonzalez as Director of United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)
- Israel Hernandez as Assistant Secretary of Commerce for International Trade and Promotion and Director-General of the United States Commercial Service
- Alfonso Martinez-Fonts Jr. as Assistant Secretary for the Private Sector Office at the United States Department of Homeland Security
- Juan Zarate as Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Combating Terrorism
- Raymond P. Martinez as Deputy Chief of Protocol of the United States
- Mel Martinez elected as United States Senator from Florida
- Luis Fortuño elected to U.S. Congress (Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico)
- Mel Martinez elected as United States Senator from Florida
- 2006 - President George W. Bush appoints the following:
- Hugo Teufel III as Chief Privacy Officer, Department of Homeland Security
- Lisette M. Mondello as Assistant Secretary of Public and Intergovernmental Affairs in the Department of Veterans Affairs
- Nancy Montanez Johner as Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services
- Frank Jimenez as General Counsel of the Navy
- 2007 - President George W. Bush appoints Christopher A. Padilla as Under Secretary for International Trade
- 2008 - President George W. Bush appoints Admiral Joxel García as United States Assistant Secretary for Health
- Esperanza Andrade appointed Texas Secretary of State
- 2009 - Luis Fortuño elected as Governor of Puerto Rico
- Jason Chaffetz (UT) elected to U.S. Congress
- 2010's
- 2010 - Abel Maldonado appointed Lieutenant Governor of California
- 2011 - Marco Rubio elected as United States Senator from Florida
- Quico Canseco (TX), Bill Flores (TX), Jaime Herrera Beutler (WA), Raúl Labrador (ID) and David Rivera (FL) elected to U.S. Congress
- Susana Martinez elected as Governor of New Mexico and Brian Sandoval elected as Governor of Nevada
- John Sanchez elected as Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico
- Susana Martinez elected as Governor of New Mexico and Brian Sandoval elected as Governor of Nevada
- Quico Canseco (TX), Bill Flores (TX), Jaime Herrera Beutler (WA), Raúl Labrador (ID) and David Rivera (FL) elected to U.S. Congress
- 2013 - Ted Cruz elected as United States Senator from Texas
- Ron DeSantis (FL) elected to U.S. Congress
- Sean Reyes appointed Utah Attorney General
- Ron DeSantis (FL) elected to U.S. Congress
- 2014 - Carlos López-Cantera appointed as Lieutenant Governor of Florida
- Carlos Curbelo (FL) & Alex Mooney (WV) elected to U.S. Congress
- Evelyn Sanguinetti elected as Lieutenant Governor of Illinois
- George P. Bush elected as Texas Commissioner of the General Land Office
- Evelyn Sanguinetti elected as Lieutenant Governor of Illinois
- Carlos Curbelo (FL) & Alex Mooney (WV) elected to U.S. Congress
- 2015 - Carlos Cascos appointed as Texas Secretary of State
- Joe Baca, former Democratic U.S. Representative for California joins GOP
Politicians
Alaska
- Liz Vazquez - Alaska State Representative (2015–present)
Arizona
- Steve Montenegro - Arizona State Representative (2009–present)
- Tony Rivero - Arizona State Representative (2015–present)
Arkansas
- Justin Gonzales - Arkansas State Representative (2015–present)
- Jim Sorvillo - Arkansas State Representative (2015–present)
California
- Rod Pacheco - California State Representative (1996-2002) and Riverside County District Attorney (2007-2011)
- Bob Pacheco - California State Representative (1998-2004)
- Bonnie Garcia - California State Representative (2002-2008)
- Rocky Chavez - California State Assembly (2012–present)
- Eric Linder - California State Assembly (2012–present)
- Melissa Melendez - California State Assembly (2012–present)
Colorado
- Stella Garza-Hicks - Colorado State Representative (2007-2009)
- Libby Szabo - Colorado State Representative (2011–present)
- Robert Ramirez - Colorado State Representative (2011-2013)
- Clarice Navarro - Colorado State Representative (2013–present)
- George Rivera - Colorado State Senator (2013–2015)
- Beth Martinez Humenik - Colorado State Senator (2015–present)
Connecticut
- Aundre Bumgardner – Connecticut State Representative (2015-present)
Delaware
- Joseph Miró - Delaware State Representative (1998–present)
- Ernesto Lopez - Delaware Senator (2012–present)
Florida
- Dr. José Celso Barbosa - Founder of the Republican Party of Puerto Rico
- Al Cardenas - Chairman of the Republican Party of Florida
- Carlos A. Manrique - Florida State Representative (1992-1994)
- Gustavo Barreiro - Florida State Representative (1998-2008)
- Gaston Cantens - Florida State Representative (1996-2004)
- Alex Diaz de la Portilla - Florida State Senator (2000-2010)
- Rene Garcia - Florida State Representative (2000-2010) and Florida State Senator (2010–present)
- Rudy Garcia - Florida State Senator (2000-2010)
- Carlos A. Giménez - Chief of the Miami Fire Department (2000-2003), Miami-Dade County Commissioner (2004-2011) and Mayor of Miami-Dade County (2011-present)
- Joe Negron - Florida State Representative (2000-2006) and Florida State Senator (2009–present)
- J. Alex Villalobos - Florida State Senator (2001-2010)
- Carl J. Domino - Florida State Representative (2002-2010) and U.S. House nominee (2014)
- Marcelo Llorente - Florida State Representative (2002-2010)
- Juan-Carlos Planas - Florida State Representative (2002-2010)
- John Quiñones - Florida State Representative (2002-2007), Miami-Dade County Commission (2007-present) and U.S. House Candidate (2012)
- Juan C. Zapata - Florida State Representative (2002-2010)
- Anitere Flores - Florida State Representative (2004-2010) and Florida State Senator (2010–present)
- Julio Robaina - Mayor of Hialeah (2005-2011)
- Eduardo González - Florida State Representative (2006–present)
- Esteban Bovo - Florida State Representative (2009-2011) and Miami-Dade County Commission (2011–present)
- Erik Fresen - Florida State Representative (2009–present)
- Tomás Regalado - Mayor of Miami (2009–present)
- Fred Costello - Florida State Representative (2010-2012 & 2014–present) and U.S. House Candidate (2012)
- Frank Artiles - Florida State Representative (2010–present)
- Miguel Diaz de la Portilla - Florida State Senator (2010–present)
- Jose Felix Diaz - Florida State Representative (2010–present)
- Jeanette Núñez - Florida State Representative (2010–present)
- Ana Rivas Logan - Florida State Representative (2010-2012)
- Carlos Trujillo - Florida State Representative (2010–present)
- Jose R. Oliva - Florida State Representative (2011–present)
- Carlos Hernandez - Mayor of Hialeah, Florida (2011–present)
- Mike La Rosa - Florida State Representative (2012–present)
- Manny Díaz, Jr. - Florida State Representative (2012–present)
- Ray Rodrigues - Florida State Representative (2012–present)
- David Santiago - Florida State Representative (2012–present)
- Bob Cortes - Florida State Representative (2014–present)
- Rene Plasencia - Florida State Representative (2014–present)
- Chris Latvala - Florida State Representative (2014–present)
- Julio Gonzalez - Florida State Representative (2014–present)
- Bryan Avila - Florida State Representative (2014–present)
Illinois
- Frank Aguilar - Illinois State Representative (2002-2004)
- John Cabello - Illinois State Representative (2012–present)
Indiana
- Rebecca Kubacki - Indiana State Representative (2010-2014)
Iowa
- Mark Costello - Iowa State Representative (2012–present)
Kansas
- Carlos Mayans - Mayor of Wichita, Kansas (2003-2007)
Kentucky
- Ralph Alvarado - Kentucky State Senator (2015-present)
Louisiana
- Blake Miguez - Louisiana State Representative (2015-present)
Maryland
- Alex X. Mooney - Chairman of the Maryland Republican Party and Maryland State Senator (1999-2011)
Massachusetts
- Gabriel E. Gomez - Republican nominee for the U.S. Senate in the 2013 special election in Massachusetts
Michigan
- Daniela Garcia - Michigan State Representative (2015–present)
Nevada
- Victoria Seaman - Nevada State Assemblywoman (2015–present)
New Hampshire
- Marilinda Garcia - New Hampshire State Representative (2007–2015) & U.S. House nominee (2014)
- Bianca Garcia - New Hampshire State Representative (2013–2015)
New Jersey
- Eric Munoz - New Jersey Assemblyman (2001-2009)
- Dawn Marie Addiego - New Jersey Assemblywoman (2008-2010) & - New Jersey Senator (2010–present)
- Andy Unanue - Republican candidate for the U.S. Senate in the United States Senate election in New Jersey, 2008
- Maria Rodriguez-Gregg - New Jersey Assemblywoman (2014–present)
New Mexico
- Larry Larrañaga - New Mexico State Representative (1995–present)
- Nora Espinoza - New Mexico State Representative (2007–present)
- Alonzo Baldonado - New Mexico State Representative (2011–present)
- David Chavez - New Mexico State Representative (2011–2013)
- Sharon Clahchischilliage - New Mexico State Representative (2013–present)
- Kelly Fajardo - New Mexico State Representative (2013–present)
- David Gallegos - New Mexico State Representative (2013–present)
- Paul Pacheco - New Mexico State Representative (2013–present)
- Vickie Perea - New Mexico State Representative (2013–2015)
- Monica Youngblood - New Mexico State Representative (2013–present)
- Lisa Torraco - New Mexico State Senator (2013–present)
- Sarah Maestas Barnes - New Mexico State Representative (2015–present)
- Rodney Montoya - New Mexico State Representative (2015–present)
- Andy Nuñez - New Mexico State Representative (2015–present)
- Ted Barela - New Mexico State Senator (2015–present)
New York
- Pete Lopez - New York State Representative (2007–present)
- Nicole Malliotakis - New York State Representative (2011–present)
Oklahoma
- Charles Ortega - Oklahoma State Representative (2008-present)
Oregon
- Sal Esquivel - Oregon State Representative (2005–present)
- Linda Flores - Oregon State Representative (2003–2009)
Puerto Rico
- Dr. José Celso Barbosa - Founder of the Republican Party of Puerto Rico
- Jenniffer González - Puerto Rico State Representative (2002–present) and Speaker of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico (2009–present)
- Carlos Méndez Martínez - Mayor of Aguadilla (1997–present)
- Héctor O'Neill - Mayor of Guaynabo, Puerto Rico (1993–present)
- Lionel Rivera - Puerto Rico State Senator (2013–present) and Mayors of Colorado Springs (2003-2011)
- Thomas Rivera Schatz - President of the Senate of Puerto Rico (2009–present)
- Jorge Santini - Mayor of San Juan, Puerto Rico (2001–present)
Texas
- John Carona - Texas State Senate (1996-2015)
- Victor G. Carrillo - Texas Railroad Commissioner (2002-2011)
- Orlando Sanchez - Harris County Treasurer (2006-present)
- Buddy Garcia - Texas Railroad Commissioner (2012-2012)
- Aaron Peña - Texas State Representative (2003-2013)
- Art Martinez de Vara - Mayor of Von Ormy (2008–present)
- J. M. Lozano - Texas State Representative (2009–present)
- Larry Gonzalez - Texas State Representative (2011–present)
- Jose Aliseda - Texas State Representative (2011–2013)
- John Garza - Texas State Representative (2011-2013)
- Dee Margo - Texas State Representative (2011–2013)
- Raul Torres - Texas State Representative (2011–2013)
- Jason Villalba - Texas State Representative (2013–present)
- Rick Galindo - Texas State Representative (2015–present)
- Gilbert Peña - Texas State Representative (2015–present)
- John Lujan - Texas State Representative (2016–present)
Virginia
- Jason Miyares - Virginian House Delegate (2016-present)
- Jeff Frederick - Chairman of the Republican Party of Virginia and Virginian House Delegate (2004-2010)
Wisconsin
- Jessie Rodriguez - Wisconsin State Assemblywoman (2013–present)
Judges
- Elsa Alcala - Judge of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
- Eva Guzman - Texas Supreme Court Justice (2009–present)
- Dora Irizarry - Federal Judge
- David M. Medina - Texas Supreme Court Justice (2004-2012)
- Marilyn Milian - State Circuit Court Judge and current Judge on The People's Court
- Xavier Rodriguez - Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas (2003–present)
- Faustino J. Fernandez-Vina - Associate Justice on the New Jersey Supreme Court (2013–present)
Athletes and entertainers
- María Conchita Alonso - Singer/actress
- Rachel Campos-Duffy - Actress
- Verónica Castro - Singer
- Erik Estrada - Actor[9]
- Andy García - Actor[9]
- Ricardo Montalbán - Actor[10]
- Freddie Prinze, Jr. - Actor[9]
- Cesar Romero - Actor (1907-1994).[11]
- Jon Secada - Singer[12]
- Jaci Velasquez - Singer[9]
- Eduardo Verástegui - Model/Actor[9]
Law
- Miguel Estrada - Attorney
- Michael J. Garcia - U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York
- Alfredo Duran - Lawyer
Ambassadors
- Eduardo Aguirre - United States Ambassador to Spain (2005-2009)
- Ben Fernandez - United States Ambassador to Paraguay (1973)
- Lino Gutierrez - United States Ambassador to Argentina (2003-2006)
- Barbara Moore - United States Ambassador to Nicaragua (2002-2005)
Science
- Dr. Tirso del Junco - Diplomat of the American Board of Surgery and Fellow of the American College of Surgeons
Columnists, authors and journalists
- Jason Mattera - Author of Obama Zombies: How the Liberal Machine Brainwashed My Generation
- Alex Castellanos - Political Media Consultant
Education and Business
- Claudia Bermúdez - Businesswoman and U.S. House Candidate (2008)
- Ben Fernandez - Financial Consultant
- Armando Gutierrez - Entrepreneur
- Felix Sabates - Entrepreneur
- Andy Unanue - Businessman
- Raul Danny Vargas - Businessman, Media Commentator, Political Activist
Activists
- Tito the Builder - Activist
- Miguel A. García Méndez - Activist
See also
- Congressional Hispanic Conference
- List of Latin Americans
- Republican National Hispanic Assembly
- Black conservatism in the United States
- List of minority governors and lieutenant governors in the United States
References
- ↑ Munoz Jr, Carlos (2 November 2000). "The Latino challenge". BBC Website. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
- ↑ "Detailed Hispanic Origin: 2006" (PDF). Pew Hispanic Center. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
- ↑ "US Census Press Releases". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2008-05-06. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
- ↑ Lopez, Mark Hugo; Gonzalez-Barrera, Ana; Motel, Seth (December 28, 2011). "As Deportations Rise to Record Levels, Most Latinos Oppose Obama's Policy". Pew Hispanic Center. Pew Research Center.
- ↑ Lopez, Mark Hugo (November 3, 2010). "The Latino Vote in the 2010 Elections". Pew Hispanic Center. Pew Research Center.
- ↑ Lopez, Mark Hung (November 5, 2008). "The Hispanic Vote in the 2008 Election". Pew Hispanic Center. Pew Research Center.
- ↑ Statistics were obtained from CNN’s Election 2010 website and are based on the Edison Research’s national and state exit poll surveys of voters as reported on December 30, 2010.
- 1 2 Steven A. Camarota and Karen Zeigler, "Projecting the 2012 Hispanic Vote," Center for Immigration Studies, August 2012. Available at: http://cis.org/projecting-2012-hispanic-vote-nationally-battleground-states
- 1 2 3 4 5 Moreno, Carolina (27 August 2012). "LOOK: Are These Latino Celebs Republicans?". Huffington Post.
- ↑ Moreno, Carolina (27 August 2012). "LOOK: Are These Latino Celebs Republicans?". Huffington Post.
- ↑ http://www.thecubanhistory.com/2014/09/cesar-romero-actor-singer-dancer-film-radio-and-tv-personality-cuban-descendant-cesar-romero-actor-cantante-bailarin-personalidad-de-la-radio-cine-y-tv-descendencia-cubana. Missing or empty
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(help) - ↑ http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=123210&page=1#.UN3jO2-tAW8