Guatemalan presidential term referendum, 1935

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A referendum on the presidential term of Jorge Ubico was held in Guatemala on 25 May 1935. If approved, it would allow Ubico to override the constitutional limitation on serving two consecutive terms in office. It was reportedly approved by 99.85% of voters.^[1]

Background

In 1934, a group of civilians feared that Ubico intended to establish a dictatorship. They planned to assassinate him, and drew in military allies who had lost administrative posts or commands under his rule. However, they were betrayed from within, and many were executed as a result.^[2] Six months later, Ubico convened a Constitutional Assembly with the aim of changing the constitution to allow him to remain in office until 1943.^[2]

Congress received thousands of (allegedly) spontaneous and identical petitions from 246 municipalities, which all called for the constitution to be amended to extend his term in office. Ubico then called a referendum on the issue.^[3]

Results

Choice	Votes	%
For	834,168	99.85
Against	1,227	0.15
Invalid/blank votes		-
Total	839,395	100
Source: Grieb

References

↑ Grieb, Kenneth J (1996) "El gobierno de Jorge Ubico" Historia general de Guatemala 1993-1999. Guatemala: Asociación de Amigos del País, Fundación para la Cultura y el Desarrollo. Volume 5, p54
1 2 Schlewitz, Andrew James (1999) The rise of a military state in Guatemala, 1931-1966 New York: New School University. Unpublished dissertation, p319
↑ Yashar, Deborah J (1997) Demanding democracy: reform and reaction in Costa Rica and Guatemala, 1870s-1950s Stanford: Stanford University Press, p42

Bibliography

Campang Chang, José. El estado y los partidos políticos en Guatemala. 1944-1951. Guatemala: Universidad de San Carlos. 1992.
Dosal, Paul J. Doing business with the dictators: a political history of United Fruit in Guatemala, 1899-1944. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources. 1993.
Political handbook of the world 1935. New York, 1936.
Rodríguez de Ita, Guadalupe. La participación política en la primavera guatemalteca: una aproximación a la historia de los partidos durante el periodo 1944-1954. México: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. 2003.

Elections and referendums in Guatemala

Presidential elections	1873 1880 1898 1904 1910 1916 1920 (Apr) 1920 (Aug) 1922 1926 1931 1941 1944 1950 1957 1958 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1985 1990–91 1993 1995–96 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015

Parliamentary elections	1873 1880 1923 1925 1926 1927 1929 1931 1935 1944 (Oct) 1944 (Nov) 1944 (Dec) 1947 1948 1950 1953 1954 1955 1957 1958 1959 1961 1964 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1984 1985 1990 1994 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015

Referendums	1935 1954 1994 1999

See also: Elections in the Federal Republic of Central America

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