Demographics of Switzerland

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Switzerland, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Switzerland had a population of 8.02 million as of 2012. Its population quadrupled over the period 1800 to 1990 (average doubling time 95 years). Population growth was steepest in the period after World War II (1.4% per annum during 1950-1970, doubling time 50 years), it slowed down during the 1970s to 1980s and has since again picked up to 1% during the 2000s (doubling time 70 years).

More than 75% of the population live in the central plain, which stretches between the Alps and the Jura Mountains and from Geneva in the southwest to the Rhine River and Lake Constance in the northeast. Foreigners with permanent residency (which does not include temporary foreign workers) make up about 23% of the population.

Census

The Federal Population Census (German: Eidgenössische Volkszählung, French: Recensement fédéral de la population, Italian: Censimento federale della popolazione, Romansh: Dumbraziun federala dal pievel) has been carried out every 10 years starting in 1850.^[2] The census was initiated by Federal Councillor Stefano Franscini, who evaluated the data of the first census all by himself after Parliament failed to provide the necessary funds.^[3] The census is now being conducted by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office, which makes most results available on its website.

Collected data includes population data (citizenship, place of residence, place of birth, position in household, number of children, religion, languages, education, profession, place of work, etc.), household data (number of individuals living in the household, etc.), accommodation data (surface area, amount of rent paid, etc.) and building data (geocoordinates, time of construction, number of floors, etc.). Participation is compulsory and reached 99.87% of the population in 2000.^[4]

Since 2010, the population census has been carried out and analysed annually in a new format by the Federal Statistical Office (FSO). In order to ease the burden on the population, the information is primarily drawn from population registers and supplemented by sample surveys. Only a small proportion of the population (about 5%) are surveyed in writing or by telephone. The first reference day for the new census was 31 December 2010.

Population

Total of registered residents (numbers relate to 31 December):^[5][6]

Growth rate

During the 19th and 20th centuries, population growth rate has been at 0.7% to 0.8%, with a doubling time of ca. 90 years. In the later 20th century, the growth rate has fallen below 0.7% (1980s: 0.64%; 1990s: 0.65%), and in the 2000s it has risen again slightly (2000–2006: 0.69%), mostly due to immigration. In 2007 the population grew at a much higher 1.1% rate, again mostly due to immigration. For 2008, the population grew 1.6%, a level not seen since the early 1960s.^[7]

Total fertility rate^[8]

• 1.46 children born/woman (total)
• 1.33 children born/Swiss woman
• 1.86 children born/non-Swiss woman

Vital statistics since 1900

Data according to Statistik Schweiz and United Nations.^[9][10]

Age structure

Age Structure 2007. Blue diamonds represent total population in thousands, green triangles represent Swiss Citizens in thousands, and red circles represent foreign population in thousands.

As population growth curbs, the percentage of elderly people increases. In July 2015, the Swiss Federal Office of Statistics published a projection estimating that by 2045, the ratio of residents over the retirement age of 65 would climb to 48.1 per 100 residents between 20 and 64 years old, and possibly as high as 50.0 in the highest case. In 2015 that ratio was only 29.1 per 100 residents.^[12]

Sex ratio

Life expectancy at birth

According to statistics released by the federal government in 2008, life expectancy stands at 79.7 years for men and 84.4 years for women, for an overall average of 82.1 years for the populace as a whole.^[13]

Nationality

The population of Switzerland 1970-2005. Data from Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2005; number of inhabitants in thousands.

Encompassing the Central Alps, Switzerland sits at the crossroads of several major European cultures. Its population includes a two-thirds majority of Alemannic German speakers and a one-quarter Latin minority (French, Italian and Romansh), see linguistic geography of Switzerland. 10% of the population natively speak an immigrant language.

Switzerland consistently ranks high on quality of life indices, including per capita income, concentration of computer and internet usage per capita, insurance coverage per individual, and health care rates. For these and many other reasons, such as the four languages, it serves as an excellent test market for businesses hoping to introduce new products into Europe.

Permanent residents by nationality

The number of registered resident foreigners was 1,001,887 (16.17%) in 1970. This amount decreased to 904,337 (14.34%) in 1979, and has increased steadily since that time, passing the 20% mark during 2001 and rising to 1,524,663 (20.56%) in 2004. The number of Swiss citizens thus numbered about 5.9 million in that year.

In 2013 there were a total of 1,937,447 permanent residents (23.8% of the total population of 8.14 million) in Switzerland. Of these, 1.65 million resident foreigners (85.0%, or 20.2% of the 8.14 Million total population^[14][15]), had European citizenship (Italian: 298,875; German: 292,291; Portuguese: 253,227; French: 110,103; Serbian: 90,704; Kosovan: 86,976; Spanish: 75,333, Macedonian: 62,633; British: 40,898; Austrian: 39,494; Bosnian and Herzegovinian: 33,002; Croatian: 30,471). From other continents; 122,941 residents were from Asia; 83,873 from Africa; 78,433 from the Americas; and 4,145 from Oceania.^[15]

The following chart shows permanent resident numbers from selected regions and countries every 5 years.

Source:^[15]

Tamil refugees fleeing from war in Sri Lanka are the largest number of Asians, while Albanians and other former Yugoslavians continue to grow in number. Switzerland is also the second largest European country in number of acceptance of Iraqi refugees fleeing from the violence in Iraq since 2003, but behind Great Britain, Germany and Sweden in the number of Iraqis taken residence for a European country.

Naturalization

In 2004, 35,700 people acquired Swiss citizenship according to Swiss nationality law, a figure slightly larger than that of the previous year (35,424), and four times larger than the 1990 figure (8,658). About a third of those naturalized are from a successor state of Former Yugoslavia: 7,900 Serbia-Montenegro, 2,400 Bosnia-Herzegovina, 2,000 Macedonia, 1,600 Croatia. 4,200 were from Italy, 3,600 from Turkey, 1,600 from Sri Lanka, 1,200 from Portugal, and 1,200 from France.^[16]

The yearly rate of naturalization has quintupled over the 1990s and 2000s, from roughly 9,000 to 45,000. Relative to the population of resident foreigners, this amounts to an increase from 8% in 1990 to 27% in 2007, or relative to the number of Swiss citizens from 1.6% in 1990 to 7.3% in 2007.

The following table shows the historical development of naturalization from selected countries.^[17]

Emigration

In 2004, 623,100 Swiss citizens (8.9%) lived abroad, the largest group in France (166,200), followed by the USA (71,400) and Germany (70,500). (see Swiss diaspora).

Religions

Distribution of denominations in Switzerland in 2015 (green: Protestant, red: Catholic)

Switzerland has no state religion, though most of the cantons (except for Geneva and Neuchâtel) recognize official churches (Landeskirchen), in all cases including the Catholic Church and the Swiss Reformed Church. These churches, and in some cantons also the Old Catholic Church and Jewish congregations, are financed by official taxation of adherents. Christianity is the predominant religion of Switzerland, but is slowly shrinking over the decades (74% of total resident population in 2010). 20% of the total population were irreligious in 2010. The largest minority religion is Islam: 4,5% (2010 census).

In 2000, 5.78 million residents (79.2%, compared to 93.8% in 1980) were Christian (Roman Catholic 41.8%, Protestant 35.3%, Orthodox 1.8%). 809,800 (11.1%, compared to 3.8% in 1980) were without any religious affiliation. 310,800 (4.3%) were Muslim (compared to 0.9% in 1980), 17,900 (0.2%) were Jewish. The 2005 Eurobarometer poll^[18] found 48% of Swiss residents to be theist, 39% expressing belief in "some sort of spirit or life force", 9% atheist and 4% said that they "don't know".

As of 2012, there were 918,126 people aged 15–24 in Switzerland, of which 347,328 (37.8%) were Catholics, 232,634 (25.4%) Protestants, 57,033 (6.2%) other Christian denominations, 2,005 (0.2%) Jewish, 76,502 (8.3%) Muslims, 12,992 (1.4%) other religious communities and 176,969 (19.3%) without religion.

Languages

Main languages in Switzerland:^[19]
German (63.7%),
French (20.4%),
Italian (6.5%),
Romansh (0.5%)

The four national languages of Switzerland are German, French, Italian and Romansh. Native speakers number about 64% (4.6 million) for German (mostly Swiss German dialects), 20% (1.5 million) for French (mostly Swiss French, but including some Franco-Provençal dialects), 7% (0.5 million, mostly Swiss Italian, but including Insubric dialects) for Italian and less than 0.5% (35,000) for Romansh.

The non-official language with the largest group of native speakers is Serbo-Croatian with 103,000 speakers in 2000, followed by Albanian with 95,000, Portuguese with 89,500, Spanish with 77,500, English with 73,000, Macedonian 61,300,^[20] and a total of 173,000 speakers of other languages, amounting to roughly 10% of the population with a native language not among the four official languages.^[21]

Education

Almost all Swiss are literate. Switzerland's 13 institutes of higher learning enrolled 99,600 students in the academic year of 2001-02. About 25% of the adult population hold a diploma of higher learning. According to the CIA World Factbook data for 2003, 99% of the Swiss population aged 15 and over could read and write, with the rate being identical for both sexes.^[22]

During the 2008/09 school year there were 1,502,257 students in the entire Swiss educational system. In kindergarten or pre-school, there were 152,919 students (48.6% female). These students were taught by 13,592 teachers (96.0% female) in 4,949 schools, of which 301 were private schools. There were 777,394 students (48.6% female) in the obligatory schools, which include primary and lower secondary schools. These students were taught by 74,501 teachers (66.3% female) in 6,083 schools, of which 614 were private. The upper secondary school system had 337,145 students (46.9% female). They were taught by 13,900 teachers (42.3% female) in 730 schools, of which 240 were private. The tertiary education system had 234,799 students (49.7% female). They were taught by 37,546 teachers (32.8% female) in 367 schools.^[23]

Regional disparities

Cantons	Tax index for all Federal, Cantonal and Church Taxes (Switzerland = 100.0) 2006	Tax rate (% of total income) for a married couple with two children and 50,000CHF in income 2006	Tax rate (% of total income) for a married couple with two children and 150,000CHF in income 2006	Population under 20 as a percentage of total population aged 20–64 2007	National Income per person in CHF 2005	Change in National Income per person 2003-2005
Switzerland	100	2.36	11.56	34.59	54,031	5.3
ZH Zurich	82.9	2.16	8.65	31.12	68,803	4.6
BE Bern	123.1	2.14	13.91	33.05	45,643	5
LU Lucerne	119	3.47	12.56	37.19	43,910	5.3
UR Uri	144.2	4.54	12.42	37.06	45,711	5.3
SZ Schwyz	66.5	2.26	6.98	36.95	50,170	6.3
OW Obwalden	146.5	4.14	11.53	40.88	39,645	4.7
NW Nidwalden	79.1	2.31	9.41	34.55	73,285	15.6
GL Glarus	134.8	4.62	12.56	36.85	73,236	10.9
ZG Zug	50.3	0.47	5.5	35.45	93,752	5.4
FR Fribourg	126.4	2.33	12.74	40.2	39,559	2.6
SO Solothurn	116.9	2.36	12.95	34.34	46,844	4.9
BS Basel-Stadt	113.1	1.01	14.3	26.6	115,178	15.9
BL Basel-Landschaft	92.5	2.12	12.4	33	53,501	3.9
SH Schaffhausen	114.6	2.94	11.62	32.92	55,125	5.4
AR Appenzell Ausserrhoden	121.7	3.8	12.06	37.6	44,215	4.7
AI Appenzell Innerrhoden	105.6	3.18	9.88	44.46	45,936	7.4
SG St. Gallen	115.5	2.53	12.68	37.66	44,866	4
GR Graubünden	112.2	2.99	11.51	33.97	49,355	11.7
AG Aargau	87.4	1.52	10.4	34.9	49,209	2.5
TG Thurgau	86.6	0.34	11.48	37.52	44,918	3.2
TI Ticino	64.6	0.24	9.04	31.14	41,335	3.4
VD Vaud	106.2	0.42	12.2	37.87	52,901	3.4
VS Valais	121.3	2.72	10.68	35.18	38,385	6
NE Neuchâtel	137.1	3.8	15.96	38.06	49,775	6.6
GE Geneva	89.8	0.05	11.81	35.4	62,839	5.1
JU Jura	126.6	2.87	15.26	40.09	38,069	6.4

Source:^[24]

Crime

The police registered a total of 553,421 criminal offences in 2009, including 51 killings and 185 attempted murders. There were 616 cases of rape. In the same year, 94,574 adults (85% of them male, 47.4% of them Swiss citizens) were convicted under criminal law. 57.3% of convictions were for traffic offences.^[25]

In the same year, 15,064 minors (78.3% of them male, 68.2% of them of Swiss nationality, 76.3% aged between 15 and 18) were convicted.^[26]

The number of convicted persons is given in the following tables.^[27] Each class of crime references the relevant section of the Strafgesetzbuch (Criminal Code, abbreviated as StGB in German), or Betäubungsmittelgesetz (abbr. BetmG, Narcotics Act), or the Strassenverkehrsgesetz (abbr. SVG, Swiss Traffic Regulations).

^a 2014 conviction numbers may not include convictions overturned on appeal.

^ Due to privacy protection laws some convictions are not included.

^a 2014 conviction numbers may not include convictions overturned on appeal.

^ Due to privacy protection laws some convictions are not included.

Major cities

Largest cities or towns in Switzerland Office fédéral de la statistique, 2011[28]
	Rank	Name	Canton	Pop.	Rank	Name	Canton	Pop.
Zürich	1	Zürich	Zurich	396,027	11	Thun	Bern	43,500	Basel Lausanne
	2	Genève	Geneva	198,072	12	Köniz	Bern	40,214
	3	Basel	Basel-Stadt	175,617	13	La Chaux-de-Fonds	Neuchatel	38,957
	4	Lausanne	Vaud	135,629	14	Fribourg	Fribourg	38,489
	5	Bern	Bern	131,554	15	Schaffhausen	Schaffhausen	35,948
	6	Winterthur	Zurich	108,044	16	Chur	Graubunden	34,652
	7	Luzern	Lucerne	81,295	17	Neuchâtel	Neuchatel	33,712
	8	St. Gallen	St. Gallen	75,538	18	Vernier	Geneva	34,655
	9	Lugano	Ticino	63,583	19	Uster	Zurich	33,853
	10	Biel/Bienne	Bern	54,163	20	Sion	Valais	33,532

See also

• List of Swiss people
• Switzerland
• Immigration to Europe
• List of countries by immigrant population
• Politics of Switzerland
• Poverty in Switzerland
• Metropolitan areas in Switzerland
• Albanians in Switzerland
• Italian immigration to Switzerland

Notes and references

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demographics of Switzerland.

• Swiss Federal Office of Statistics
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