Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of the Caucasus
Listed here are notable groups and ethnic groups from Caucasus by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations in the first two columns, the third column gives the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the particular haplogroup. (IE = Indo-European, NEC = Northeast Caucasian, NWC = Northwest Caucasian)
| Population | Language | n | E1b1b | G | I | J1 | J2 | L | R1a | R1b | R2a | T | Others | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abazinians | NWC (Abkhaz-Ubykh) | 14 | 0 | 29 | 0 | F* | 7 | K | 14 | 0 | 0 | K | K[xP]=14[1] C*=7 (1/14) F[xI,G,J2,K]=29 |
Nasidze 2004a[2] |
| Abazins | NWC (Abkhaz-Ubykh) | 88 | 4.5 | 40.9 | I2*=1.1 I2a=2.3 |
J1*=2.3 J1e=3.4 |
M67=1.1 other=10.2 |
L2=2.3 | 23.9 | 3.4 | 1.1 | 0.0 | Q=3.4 | Yunusbayev 2012[3] |
| Abkhaz | NWC (Abkhaz-Ubykh) | 12 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 33.0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | – | Nasidze 2004a[2] |
| Abkhaz | NWC (Abkhaz-Ubykh) | 58 | 1.7 | P18=12.1 P303=20.7 other=24.1 |
0 | 0 | J2*=5.2 J2-M67=8.6 |
L2=3.4 | 10.3 | 12.1 | NT | 1.7 | – | Balanovsky 2011[4] |
| Adygei (Kabardin) | NWC (Adigei) | 59 | 0 | 28.8 | 10.2 | F | 11.9 | K | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0 | K | F[xG,I,J2,K]=23.7 K[xP]=15.3 P[xR1,R2]=6.8 |
Nasidze 2004a[2] |
| Adygei (Kabardin) | NWC (Adygei) | 140 | 2.1 | 43.6 | I1=1.4 I2*=0.7 I2a=2.1 |
J1e=2.8 J1*=6.4 |
M67=5.7 J2a*=9.3 J2b=0.7 |
L3=0.7 | 15.0 | 3.6 | 0.0 | 0.7 | C=2.1, H=0.7 N1c=1.4, Q=0.7 |
Yunusbayev 2012[3] |
| Adygei/ "Circassians"[lower-alpha 1] |
NWC (Adygei) | – | 0.0[5] | 31.3[6] | I*=1.4 I2a=2.9[7] |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | various |
| Adygei/ ("Adygea") |
NWC (Adygei) | 154 | 0.6 | 47.4 | I2*=1.3 I2a=3.2 |
J1e=1.3 J1*=1.9 |
M67=3.2 J2a*=5.8 J2b=1.9 |
L2=1.9 L1=0.6 |
14.3 | 7.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | C=2.6 N=0.6 |
Yunusbayev 2012[3] |
| Adygei(Shapsugs) | NWC (Adygei) | 106 | – | 81.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Dibirova 2009[6] |
| Adygei (Shapsugs) | NWC (Adygei) | 100 | 1.0 | P303=86.0 other=1.0 |
0 | 0 | 6.0 | L*=2.0 | 4.0 | 0 | NT | 0 | – | Balanovsky 2011[4] |
| Adygei ("Cherkess")[lower-alpha 2] |
NWC (Adygei) | 142 | 1.4 | P16=9.2 P303=29.6 other=1.4 |
I*=0.7 | J1e=0.7 J1*=4.9 |
J2-M67=7.7 J2b=0.7 other=13.4 |
L1=0.7 | 19.7 | 4.9 | NT | 0.7 | N1*=1.4 N1c1=2.1 Q=0.7 |
Balanovsky 2011[4] |
| Adygei ("Cherkess") |
NWC (Adygei) | 126 | 0.8 | 45.2 | I1=0.8 I2b=0.8 |
J1e=4.0 J1*=0.8 |
M67=13.5 other=11.1 |
0.0 | 15.1 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.0 | C=0.8, K*=1.6 N1c1=2.4, Q=0.8 |
Yunusbayev 2012[3] |
| Andis | NEC (Avar-Andic, Andic) | 49 | 2.0 | 6.1 | I1=2.0 I2a=24.5 |
J1*=36.7 | M67=14.3 other=4.1 |
0.0 | 2.0 | 6.1 | 0.0 | 2.0 | – | Yunusbayev 2006[3][8] |
| Armenians | IE (Armenian) | 89 | 3.4 | 29.2 | – | – | – | – | 5.6 | 24.7 | – | 3.4 | – | Rosser 2000[9] |
| Armenians | IE (Armenian) | 47 | 4.3 | F* | 4.3 | F* | 21.3 | 4.3 | 8.5 | 36.2 | 0 | 6.4 | F[xI,J2,K]=12.8 N=2 |
Wells 2001[10] |
| Armenians | IE (Armenian) | 100 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 5.0 | F | 24.0 | K | 6.0 | 19.0 | 2.0 | 4.0[1] | F[xI,G,J2,K]=18.0 K[xT,P]=3.0[1] P[xR1a,R1b,R2]=2.0 |
Nasidze 2004a[2] |
| Armenians | IE (Armenian) | 734 | 5.4 | – | – | – | – | – | 5.3 | 32.4 | – | – | 1.6 | Weale 2001[11] |
| Armenians (TOTAL) |
IE (Armenian) | 413 | 5.1 | P16= 0.5 G2a*= 8.2 G1=0.7 |
I2= 3.6 | J1e= 4.4 J*=6.3 |
M67= 10.7 J2a* = 13.3 J2b= 1.5 |
1.9 | 1.7 | 29.1 | 4.6 | 8.5 | N=0.2 Q=0.2 |
Herrara2012 |
| Armenians (Ararat Valley) |
IE (Armenian) | 110 | 5.5 | P16=0 G2a*=9.1 G1=1.8 |
I2=2.7 | J1e=6.4 J1*=8.2 |
M67=12.7 J2a*=10.0 J2b=0.9 |
0.9 | 0.9 | 37.3 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 0.0 | Herrara2012 |
| Armenians (Sason) | IE (Armenian) | 104 | 2.9 | P16= 1.9 G2a*=10.6 |
0.0 | J1e= 2.9 J1* = 6.7 |
M67= 7.7 J2a* = 9.6 J2b = 0 |
3.8 | 1.0 | 15.4 | 17.3 | 20.2 | Herrara2012 | |
| Avars | NEC (Avar-Andic, Avar) | 42 | 7.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 66.7 | 4.8 | 9.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 4.8 | – | Yunusbayev 2006[8] |
| Avars | NEC (Avar-Andic, Avar) | 115 | 0.0 | P18=.9 P303=9.6 |
I*=.9 I2a=.9 |
J1e=.9 J1*=58.3 |
M67=.9 other=5.2 |
L2=2.6 | 1.7 | 14.8 | .9 | 0.0 | N=1.7 | Balanovsky 2011[4] |
| Avars (West)[lower-alpha 3] |
NEC (Avar-Andic) | 20 | 0 | G[xG1,G2a, G2b]=5 |
0 | J1*=60 J1e=20 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 5 | – | – | – | Caciagli 2009[12] |
| Azeris (Azerbaijan) |
Altaic (Turkic)[lower-alpha 4] | 72 | 5.6 | 18.1 | 2.8 | F | 30.6 | 6.9[1] | 6.9 | 11.1 | 2.8 | 4.2[1] | F[xG,I,J2,K]=11 | Nasidze 2004a[2] |
| Azerbaijanis | Altaic (Turkic)[lower-alpha 4] | v | 4.1[5] | – | – | 15.2[13] | 23.9[13] | – | – | – | – | – | – | various |
| Bagvalins | NEC (Avar-Andic, Andic) | 28 | 0.0 | 0.0 | I2b1=7.1 | 21.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 67.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | – | Yunusbayev 2006[8] |
| Balkars | Altaic (Turkic)[lower-alpha 5] | 38 | 2.6 | 28.9 | I2*=2.6 | 0 | M67=5.3 J2b=2.6 other=15.8 |
L2=5.3 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 7.9 | 0.0 | H=2.6 | Battaglia 2009[14] |
| Chamalins | NEC (Avar-Andic, Andic) | 27 | 0.0 | 18.5 | 0.0 | 66.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 7.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | – | Yunusbayev 2006[8] |
| Chechens (East Chechnya) |
NEC (Nakh) | 19 | 0 | 5 | 0 | F | 26 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 16 | 5[1] | F[xG,I,J2,K]=32 | Nasidze 2004a[2] |
| Akki Chechens[lower-alpha 6] | NEC (Nakh) | 20 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 60 | 25 | 10 | 0 | 0 | NT | 0 | – | Caciagli 2009[12] |
| Chechens Total[lower-alpha 7] | NEC (Nakh) | 330 | 0.0 | P18=3.0 P303=2.4 |
I2=.3 | J1*=20.9 | M67=55.2 J2b=.3 other=1.2 |
L3=7.0 | 3.9 | 1.8 | 3.3 | 0.0 | – | Balanovsky 2011[4] |
| Chechens (Achxoi-Martan, Chechnya) | NEC (Nakh) | 118 | 0 | P303=0.8 | I2=0.8 | J1*=24.6 | M67=56.8 other=0.8 |
L3=6.8 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 0 | – | Balanovsky 2011[4] |
| Chechens (Malgobek, Ingushetia) |
NEC (Nakh) | 112 | 0 | P18=3.6 P303=5.4 |
0 | 21.4 | M67=50.9 J2b=0.9 other=1.8 |
L3=0.9 | 8.0 | 0.9 | 6.3 | 0 | – | Balanovsky 2011[4] |
| Chechens (mainly Akkis, in Dagestan) |
NEC (Nakh) | 100 | 0 | P18=6.0 P303=1.0 |
0 | 16.0 | M67=58.0 other=1.0 |
L3=14.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | N=2.0 | Balanovsky 2011[4] |
| Dargins | NEC (Dargin) | 68 | 0 | 2.9 | 0 | 91.2 | 2.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | – | Yunusbayev 2006[8] |
| Dargins | NEC (Dargin) | 26 | 4 | 4 | 58 | see F | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | F[xG,I,J2,K]=27 | Nasidze 2004a[2] |
| Dargins (Dargwa) | NEC (Dargin) | 101 | 0 | P303=1.0 other=1 |
0 | J1*=69.3 J1e=1 |
M67=1.0 | 0 | 21.8 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 | O3=3 | Balanovsky 2011[4] |
| Dargins (Kaitaks) | NEC (Dargin) | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | J1*=84.8 | 3.3 | 0 | 3.3 | 6.7 | 3.3 | 0 | – | Balanovsky 2011[4] |
| Dargins (Kubachis) | NEC (Dargin) | 65 | 0 | 0 | I2a=1.5 | J1*=98.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | Balanovsky 2011[4] |
| Georgians | SC (Karto-Zan) | 63 | 2.0 | 30.1 | 0.0 | J=36.5 | 1.6 | 7.9 | 14.3 | 6.3 | 1.6 | – | Semino 2000[15] | |
| Georgians | SC (Karto-Zan) | 66 | 3.0 | 31.8 | I1*=1.5 | 4.5 | M67=18.2 other=13.6 |
L3=1.6 | 10.6 | 9.1 | 4.5 | 1.6 | – | Battaglia 2009[14] |
| Georgians | SC (Karto-Zan) | 77 | 2.6 | 31.2 | 3.9 | F | 20.8 | 2.6[1] | 10.4 | 10.4 | 1.3 | 2.6[1] | K[xP]=2.6 P[xR1,R2]=2.6 F[xG,I,J2,K]=14.3 |
Nasidze 2004a[2] |
| Svans | SC (Svan) | 25 | 0 | F* | 0 | F* | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | F[xG,I,J2,K]= 92% | Wells 2001[10] |
| Georgians (Kazbegis) | SC (Karto-Zan)[lower-alpha 8] | 25 | 0 | F | 4 | F | 72 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 0 | F[xG,I,J2,K]=12 | Wells 2001[10] |
| Ingush | NEC (Nakh) | 143 | 0 | P18=1.4 | 0.7 | 2.8 | M67=87.4 other=1.4 |
L3=2.8 | 3.5 | 0 | NT | 0 | – | Balanovsky 2011[4] |
| Ingush | NEC (Nakh) | 22 | 0 | 5.0 | 5 | – | 32 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | F[xG,I,J2,K]=27 P[xR1,R2]=4.5(1/22) |
Nasidze 2004a[2] |
| Kumyks | Altaic (Turkic)[lower-alpha 5] | 76 | 2.6 | 11.8 | 0.0 | 21.1 | 25.0 | 0.0 | 13.2 | 19.7 | 3.9 | 1.3 | J*=1.3 O=1.3 |
Yunusbayev 2006[8] |
| Laks | NEC (Lak) | 21 | 9.5 | 4.8 | 14.3 | 42.9 | 14.3 | 0.0 | 9.5 | 4.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | Caciagli 2009[12] | |
| Lezgins (Azerbaijan) | NEC (Lezgic) | 12 | 17 | F* | 0 | F* | 0 | – | 8 | 17 | 0 | – | F[xI,J2,K]=58 | Wells 2001[10] |
| Lezgins (Dagestan) | NEC (Lezgic) | 25 | 0 | 36 | 0 | F* | 0 | NT | 0 | 4 | 0 | K* | F[xI,G,J2,K]=32 K[xR]=28 |
Nasidze 2003[1] |
| Lezgins | NEC (Lezgic) | 31 | 6.5 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 58.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 16.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | – | Yunusbayev 2006[8] |
| Lezgins (Axtynskiy District) | NEC (Lezgic) | 81 | 1.2 | 13.5 (P18=1.2%) |
0 | 44.4 J1* | 2.5 | 1.2 L2 | 3.7 | 29.6 | 0 | 2.5 | 1.2 N1c1 | Balanovsky 2011[4] |
| Nogai | Altaic (Turkic) | 77 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.6 | 10.4 | 0 | 9.1 | 0 | ? | 0 | C=10.4 N=16.3 |
Yunusbayev 2006[8] |
| Ossetes | IE (Iranian, NE) | 47 | 6.4 | – | – | J=34.0 | – | 2.1 | 42.6 | – | – | – | Rosser 2000[9] | |
| North Ossetians | IE (Iranian, NE) | 129 | 0 | 57.4 | 10.1 | F* | 14.0 | –- | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.6 | K* | F[xI,G,J2,K]=3.9 K[xP]=9.3 P[xR1,R2]=2.3 |
Nasidze 2004b[16] |
| North Ossetians (Iron) | IE (Iranian, NE) | 230 | 0.4 | P16=73.0 P303=1.3 |
0 | 1.3 | M67=11.3 other=7.0 |
L2=0.9 | 0.4 | 3.0 | NT | 0 | N=0.4 Q=0.9 |
Balanovsky 2011[4] |
| North Ossetians (Digor) | IE (Iranian, NE) | 127 | 0.8 | P16=55.9 P303=4.7 |
0 | 3.9 | M67=5.5 other=6.3 |
L1=0.8 | 0.8 | 16.5 | NT | 0.8 | Q=3.9 | Balanovsky 2011[4] |
| Russians (Adygea | IE (Slavic, East) | 78 | – | – | 24.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Rootsi 2004[7] |
| Rutuls | NEC (Lezgic) | 24 | 0.0 | 37.5 | 0.0 | F | 4.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | F[xG,I,J2,K]=58 | Nasidze 2004a[2] |
| Tabassarans | NEC (Lezgic) | 43 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 48.8 | 2.3 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 39.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | C=7.0 | Yunusbayev 2006[8] |
See also
- Caucasus
- Y-DNA haplogroups by groups
- Y-DNA haplogroups in European populations
- Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of Near East and North Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in Central and North Asian populations
- Y-DNA haplogroups in South Asian populations
- Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of Sub-Saharan Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of East and Southeast Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in Oceanian populations
- Y-DNA haplogroups in Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Notes
- ↑ despite the fact that Shapsugs were also technically "Circassian", Dibirova labels this population "Circassians". In Rootsi, they are called "Adygei", or some variation of the word.
- ↑ These are labeled "Circassians" (at least in the English version), but the sample was taken from the Karacheyo-Cherkess Republic, so they are labeled "Cherkess" here.
- ↑ This is significant, as in Western Avaria, where the population was sampled, there are large number of non-Avars- Andic and Dido peoples- who are in fact ethnically misclassified as Avars by the Dagestani census.
- 1 2 Azeris speak an Oghuz Turkic language, but they are thought to be descended from either Lezgic-speaking Caucasian peoples, Iranian-speaking peoples, or both. See Origin of the Azeris for more information.
- 1 2 These groups speak Turkic languages, but are theorized by many to be descended from non-Turkic peoples (variously Circassian-like peoples, Nakh peoples or Scythians/Sarmatians) who were linguistically Turkified
- ↑ Dagestani Chechens; Caciagli's study[12] may not be authoritative for this population because she took it from a highly multiethnic region of Dagestan, with Laks, Chechens, Kumyks and Avars all mixed together at high densities, possibly accounting for the high J1 value.
- ↑ Made by combining the Malgobek, Achkoi-Martan and Khasavyurt Chechen populations
- ↑ Although the Kazbegi Georgians speak Georgian, and have most likely done so for centuries, it is theorized by some that their (possible) ancestors, the Tzanars, who inhabited the region in Medieval and Ancient times, were a Nakh-speaking people, like Chechens and Ingush, possibly accounting for their large frequencies of J2
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Nasidze 2003
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Nasidze 2004a
- 1 2 3 4 5 Yunusbayev 2012
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Balanovsky 2011
- 1 2 Cruciani 2004
- 1 2 Dibirova 2009
- 1 2 Rootsi 2004
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Yunusbayev 2006
- 1 2 Rosser 2000
- 1 2 3 4 Wells 2001
- ↑ Weale 2001
- 1 2 3 4 Caciagli 2009
- 1 2 Di Giacomo 2004
- 1 2 Battaglia 2009
- ↑ Semino 2000
- ↑ Nasidze 2004b
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