William Brooke O'Shaughnessy

William Brooke O'Shaughnessy
Born	October 1809 Limerick, Ireland
Died	January 1889 (1889-02) (aged 79) Southsea, Hampshire, England
Education	University of Edinburgh
Known for	Medical cannabis Intravenous therapy Telegraphy Forensic chemistry
Medical career
Profession	Doctor, physician, inventor
Institutions	Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata
Notable prizes	Fellow of the Royal Society

William Brooke O'Shaughnessy MD FRS (October 1809, Limerick, Ireland – 10 January 1889, Southsea, England) was an Irish physician famous for his work in pharmacology and inventions related to telegraphy. His medical research led to the development of intravenous therapy and introduced the therapeutic use of Cannabis sativa to Western medicine.

Early life

O'Shaughnessy studied forensic toxicology and chemistry in Scotland, and graduated in 1829 with an MD from the University of Edinburgh Medical School. In 1831, at the age of 22, as a result of his analysis of the blood of cholera victims, O'Shaughnessy laid the foundation for what was to become intravenous fluid and electrolyte-replacement therapy in the treatment of cholera.^[1] Thomas Latta of Leith was later to become the first to use intravenous therapy based on O'Shaughnessy's research.^[2]

O'Shaughnessy joined the British East India Company in 1833 and moved to Calcutta, remaining in India for approximately nine years where he fulfilled the roles of surgeon, physician, professor of chemistry at Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, and scientist.^[3]

Work in India

His first stint in India was marked by work in the subjects of botanical pharmacology, chemistry, galvanic electricity, and underwater conduction, among others. At Calcutta, he was a member of the Medical and Physical Society of Calcutta, where he published one of his first papers on medical applications of cannabis.^[4] He validated folk uses of cannabis in India, discovered new applications, and ultimately recommended cannabis for a great variety of therapeutic purposes. O’ Shaughnessy established his reputation by successfully relieving the pain of rheumatism and stilling the convulsions of an infant with cannabis. He eventually popularized its use back in England. His most famous success came when he quelled the wrenching muscle spasm of tetanus and rabies with resin. While he could not cure tetanus, he did observe that the cannabis mixture reduced their symptoms of spasticity and their suffering.^[5] In 1841, he returned to England where he introduced cannabis indica to Western medicine and continued his scientific writings. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1843.^[6]

Return to India

In 1844, O'Shaughnessy returned to India where he worked in various government positions in the fields of pharmacology and assay. During this period he began work on various telegraph instruments and systems. After briefly returning to England in 1852, O'Shaughnessy was appointed Superintendent of Telegraphs in 1853. During the years 1853-5 he installed 3500 miles of telegraph across India and wrote numerous manuals and reports on his telegraph inventions.

Knighthood and return to England

In 1856 he was knighted by Queen Victoria for his work on the telegraph in India.^[7] He was also appointed Director-General of Telegraphs at this time. During the following years O'Shaughnessy wrote on telegraphy-related subjects, including a book of Private Codes for encrypted telegraphy. In 1860, O'Shaughnessy returned to Europe for sick leave where he remained in obscurity until his death in January, 1889.

He adopted the surname Brooke on the death of a relative.

See also

• California Cannabis Research Medical Group

References

Further reading

Wikisource has original text related to this article: Dictionary of National Biography

• Booth, Martin (2005) [2003]. Cannabis: A History. Picador. ISBN 0-312-42494-9. pp. 109–113.
• Cosnett, J. E. (1989). "The origins of intravenous fluid therapy." Lancet. i:768-71.
• Cosnett, J. E. (Winter 1992). "Dr. William Brooke O'Shaughnessy". The Old Limerick Journal. 29: 13-16.
• Gorman, Mel. (September, 1984). "Sir William Brooke O'Shaughnessy, F.R.S. (1809-1889), Anglo-Indian Forensic Chemist". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. The Royal Society. (39) 1: 51-64. (subscription required)
• Mills, James (2003). Cannabis Britannica : Empire, Trade, and Prohibition 1800-1928. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-191-55465-0.
• Moon, J. B. (2 February 1967). "Sir William Brooke O'Shaughnessy: The foundations of fluid therapy and the Indian telegraph service". New England Journal of Medicine. 276: 283-284.
• Turner, I. M. (28 January 2011). "The contribution of Sir William Brooke O'Shaughnessy (1809-1889) to plant taxonomy." Phytotaxa. 15: 57-63. ISSN 1179-3155 (subscription required)