Turkic, Caucasian, Cossack, and Crimean collaborationism with the Axis powers
Soldier of the Free Arabian Legion in Greece, September 1943.
Middle East & Central Asia
- Deutsch-Arabische Lehr Abteilung (Arab volunteers)
- Deutsch-Arabisches Bataillon Nr. 845 (Arab volunteers)
- Osttürkischer Waffen-Verband der SS or 1. Ostmuselmanisches SS-Regiment (Central Asia volunteers)
- Freiwilligen-Stamm-Regiment 1 (Turkish volunteers)
Azerbaijani, Georgian and Armenian volunteers
Further information: Azeri SS Volunteer Formations
- Armenische Legion (Armenian volunteers)
- Aserbaidschanische Legion (Azerbaijani volunteers)
- 30. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (Russische Nr. 2)
- Kaukasisch-Mohammedanische Legion (Azerbaijani, Daghestani, Chechen, Ingush, and Lezghin volunteer units)
- Georgische Legion (Georgian volunteers)
- Freiwilligen-Stamm-Regiment 1 (Georgian volunteers)
- Freiwilligen-Stamm-Regiment 2 (Armenians & Azerbaijanis)
- Sonderverband Bergmann (Georgian and Azerbaijani volunteers)
- I. Sonderverband Bergmann Battalion (Georgian volunteers)
- II. Sonderverband Bergmann Battalion (Azerbaijani volunteers)
- SS-Waffengruppe Georgien (Georgian volunteers)
- SS-Waffengruppe Armenien (Armenian volunteers)
- SS-Waffengruppe Aserbaidschan (Azeri volunteers)
North Caucasian volunteers
- Kaukasischer-Waffen-Verband der SS or Freiwilligen Brigade Nordkaukasien (volunteers from the North Caucasus region)
- Nordkaukasische Legion ("North Caucasian Legion" volunteers from the North Caucasus region)
- Freiwilligen-Stamm-Regiment 1 (North Caucasian volunteers)
- SS-Waffengruppe Nordkaukasus (North Caucasian volunteers; Chechens, Ingush & Dagestani)
Central Asian volunteers
- 162. (Turkistan) Infanterie-Division (Turkestani volunteers)
- Muselmanischen SS-Division Neu-Turkistan (Turkestani volunteers)
- Turkestanische Legion (volunteers from Central Asia; Uzbeks, Kazakhs & Turkomen)[1][2]
- Böhler-Brigade (Turkestani volunteers)
- 1. Turkestanisches-Arbeits-Battalion (Turkestani volunteers)
- 2. Turkestanisches-Arbeits-Battalion (Turkestani volunteers)
- 3. Turkestanisches-Arbeits-Battalion (Turkestani volunteers)
- Turkestanisches-Arbeits-Ersatz-Battalion (Turkestani volunteers)
- Waffen-Gruppe Turkistan(Central Asian volunteers)
Kalmykian volunteers
- Kalmüken Verband Dr. Doll (Kalmykian volunteers)
- Abwehrtrupp 103 (Kalmykian volunteers)
- Kalmücken Legion or Kalmücken-Kavallerie-Korps (Kalmykian volunteers)
Tatar volunteers
- Tatar Legion
- SS-Waffengruppe Idel-Ural (Turkic volunteers from Volga/Ural area)
- Waffen-Gebirgs-Brigade der SS (Tatar Nr. 1) (Tatar volunteers)
- 30. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (Russische Nr. 2) (Armenian & Tatar volunteer units)
- Wolgatatarische Legion (Volga Tatars but also of other volunteers from the region)
- Tataren-Gebirgsjäger-Regiment der SS (Crimean Tatar volunteers)
- Waffen-Gruppe Krim (Crimean Tatar volunteers)
- Schutzmannschaft Battalion (Crimean Tatar volunteers)
Cossack volunteers
- 1. Kosaken-Kavallerie-Division (volunteers from Cossacks in Cherson, from February 1945 XV. SS-Kosaken-Kavallerie-Korps)
- Kosaken-Reiter-Brigade Kaukasus II (Caucasus Cossack volunteers)
- Kuban-Kosaken-Reiter-Regiment 3 (Kuban Cossack volunteers)
- Don-Kosaken-Reiter-Regiment 5 (Don Cossack volunteers)
- Terek-Kosaken-Reiter-Regiment 6 (Terek Cossack volunteers)
- Kosaken-Artillerie-Regiment 2 (Caucasian Cossack volunteers)
- Sibirisches Kosaken-Reiter-Regiment 2 (Siberian Cossack volunteers)
- XV. Kosaken-Kavallerie-Korps (Kotelnikovo Cossack volunteers)
- Freiwilligen-Stamm-Regiment 5 (Cossack volunteers)
Caucasian mixed volunteer units
- Freiwilligen-Stamm-Division (Georgian, Turkish, North Caucasian, Armenian & Azerbaijani volunteers)
Caucasian, Central Asian, Crimean and Ural mixed volunteer units
Main article: Ostlegionen
- Waffen-Gruppe Turkistan
- Waffen-Gruppe Idel-Ural
- Waffen-Gruppe Azerbaijan
- Waffen-Gruppe Krim
Propaganda newspapers for Caucasian and Cossack units
- Azerbaijan
- Azerbajçan – Azerbaijani Legion
- Kalmykia
- Kalmyckij Boec ("Kalmyk Soldier") – Kalmyk Cavalry Corps
- Kosaken (Cossack Nation)
- Kosaken-Illustrierte ("Cossack Illustrated") – 1st Cossack Cavalry Division (trilingual)
- La terra dei cosacchi ("The Land of the Cossacks") – Cossack units in upper Italy
- Krimtürken (Crimean Turks)
- Kirim ("Crimea") – Weekly paper for the Crimean Turk volunteers, Berlin 1944–1945
- Tataren (Tatar nation)
- Deutsch-tatarisches Nachrichtenblatt ("German-Tatar News Journal") – Volga Tatar Legion, monthly publication, Berlin 1944–1945 (bilingual)
- Turkestaner (Central Asian nation)
- Yeni Türkistan ("New Turkestan") – Turkistan Legion[3]
- Svoboda ("Freedom") – 162nd Turkoman Division
- Türk Birligi ("Turkish Unity") – Osttürkischer Waffen-Verband der SS, weekly publication, Berlin 1944–1945
German commanders of Central Asian, Caucasian and Cossack units
These German commanders also received honorary military or leading titles between their units at charge; for example Helmuth von Pannwitz received the title of "Ataman" from his Cossack units.
- Generalleutnant Helmuth von Pannwitz
- Oberst Hans-Joachim von Schultz
- Oberstleutnant Günther von Steinsdorff
- Oberst von Baath
- Oberst Freiherr von Nolcken
- Oberst Konstantin Wagner
- Sonderführer Othmar Rudolf Wyrba a.k.a. "Dr. Doll" (German, Tibetan and Mongolian language expert; leader of the Kalmuck units)
- Oberstleutnant Pipgorra
- Oberst Raimund Hoerst
- SS-Obersturmbannführer Andreas Meyer-Mader
- SS-Hauptsturmführer Billig
- SS-Hauptsturmführer Hermann
- SS-Sturmbannführer der Reserve Franz Liebermann
- SS-Hauptsturmführer Reiner Olzscha
- SS-Hauptsturmführer Fürst
- SS-Standartenführer Harun-el-Raschid Bey (of the central Asian legions; was a German who converted to Islam while serving as an advisor to Enver Pasha)
- Generalmajor Prof. Dr. Oskar Ritter von Niedermayer
- Generalleutnant Ralph von Heygendorff
German representative of the Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories
Central Asian, Caucasian and Cossack political leaders
- Cossack Ataman General Pyotr Krasnov
- Cossack Ataman General Andrei Shkuro
- Cossack Ataman Vasili Glazkov
- Kalmuk Prince Tundotov
Central Asian, Caucasian and Cossack political organizations
- Cossack Central Office
- National Karachai Committee
See also
References
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