Tso Kar

Tso kar
Location Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir
Coordinates 33°18′N 77°59′E / 33.300°N 77.983°E / 33.300; 77.983Coordinates: 33°18′N 77°59′E / 33.300°N 77.983°E / 33.300; 77.983
Type oligotrophic lake
Primary inflows Pholokongka Chu
Primary outflows none
Max. length 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi)
Max. width 2.3 kilometres (1.4 mi)
Surface area 22 km2 (8.5 sq mi)
Surface elevation 4,530 metres (14,860 ft)

The Tso Kar[1] or Tsho kar, known for its size and depth, is a fluctuating salt lake situated in the Rupshu Plateau and valley in the southern part of Ladakh in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.[2]

Geography and climate

Tsokar settlement. 2010
Wildass Homestay, Tsokar Lake. 2010

The Tso Kar is connected by an inlet stream at its south-west end to a small lake, Startsapuk Tso, and together they form the 9 km2 More plains pool, which is dominated by the peaks of two mountains, Thugje (6050 m) and Gursan (6370 m). From the geology of the More Plains, it can be concluded that the Tso Kar in historical times ranged up to this high valley. Until a few years ago the lake was an important source of salt, which the Changpa nomads used to export to Tibet. The nomadic settlement of Thugje is located 3 km in the north. There is a tented camp on the west bank of the lake which provides accommodation for tourists.[3][4]

Due to the high altitude, the climate is extreme in the winter; temperatures below -40 °C are not uncommon. In the summer the temperature rises above 30 °C, with extreme fluctuations during the day. Precipitation in the form of either rain or snow is extremely rare.[3]

Flora and fauna

Wild kiang near Tso Kar Lake

The inlets of the Tso Kar are a source of non-saline water; pondweeds and basic nettles grow there, forming floating islands of vegetation in the spring and dying off in the winter. Sedge and large numbers of buttercups grow on the shores of Startsapuk Tso and of the tributaries of the Tso Kar, while some parts of the high basin are marked by steppe vegetation interspersed with tragacanth and pea bushes. The shore of Tso Kar is partly covered with a salt crust, which keeps vegetation away from the inflows.

Due to the salinity of the Tso Kar, most of the resident fauna is found in its tributaries and in Startsapuk Tso. There are large breeding colonies of grebes and brown-headed gulls, and some strip geese, rust geese and terns. In the vicinity of the lake black-necked cranes and Tibetan grouse are relatively common. The basin of the Tso Kar and the adjoining More Plains constitute one of the most important habitats of the kiang, Tibetan gazelles, Tibetan wolves and foxes; there are steppe marmots in the higher reaches. Yaks and horses are kept by the nomads.[5][6]

Currently the lake basin has no special protection, but there are plans to include it within a national park which may be established in the highlands of south-eastern Ladakh.[5][7]

Access

The Tso Kar lies 160 km south of Leh; the Leh Manali road passes 30 km west of it. The lake is 540 km east of Srinagar, the capital of the state.[5][7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Location of Tso Kar". geonames.org. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
  2. ↑ Dharma Pal Agrawal; Brij Mohan Pande (1976). Ecology and Archaeology of Western India: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Feb. 23-26, 1976. Concept Publishing Company, 1977. p. 239–. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  3. 1 2 "Tso Kar, Jammu and Kashmir Tourism". spectrumtour.com. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
  4. ↑ Dharma Pal Agrawal, Brij Mohan Pande (1977). Ecology and Archaeology of Western India: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Feb. 23-26, 1976. Concept Publishing Company, 1977. p. 239–. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  5. 1 2 3 Ganesh Pangare; Vasudha Pangare; Binayak Das (2006). Springs of Life: India's Water Resources. Academic Foundation, 2006. p. 54–. ISBN 9788171884896. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  6. ↑ Patricia Des Roses Moehlman, IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group (2002). Equids: Zebras, Asses, and Horses IUCN/SSC action plans for the conservation o biological diversity Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan SSC species action plans. IUCN, 2002. p. 76–. ISBN 9782831706474. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  7. 1 2 Brijraj Krishna Das (2008). Lakes: water and sediment geochemistry. Satish Serial Pub. House, 2008. p. 121–. ISBN 9788189304546. Retrieved 4 December 2012.

Literature

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