Tom Ford

This article is about the fashion designer. For other uses, see Thomas Ford (disambiguation).
Tom Ford

Ford in September 2009
Born Thomas Carlyle Ford
(1961-08-27) August 27, 1961[1]
Austin, Texas, U.S.
Education Parsons School of Design
Occupation Fashion designer
Film director
Film producer
Screenwriter
Spouse(s) Richard Buckley (m. 2014)
Children 1
Labels Gucci (1990－2004)
YSL (1999－2004)
Tom Ford (2004－)

Thomas Carlyle "Tom" Ford (born August 27, 1961)[2] is an American fashion designer, film director, screenwriter and film producer. He gained fame as the creative director at Gucci and Yves Saint Laurent. In 2006, Ford launched his own "Tom Ford" label. Ford directed the Oscar-nominated film A Single Man (2009)[3] and Nocturnal Animals (2016).

Early life

Tom Ford was born on August 27, 1961, in Austin, Texas, to realtors Shirley Burton (née Shirley Ann Thrasher) and Thomas David Ford.[4][5][6] He spent his early life in the suburbs of Houston, Texas, and in San Marcos, outside Austin; his family moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico, when he was 11.[7] In Santa Fe, he entered St. Michael's High School and later moved to Santa Fe Preparatory School, from which he graduated in 1979.[8]

At age 16, he enrolled at Bard College at Simon's Rock, but quickly dropped out.[9] He moved to New York City to study art history at New York University (NYU).[10][11] Ford dropped out of NYU after a year, focusing on acting in television commercials.[5][10][12]

Ford began studying interior architecture at The New School's art and design college, Parsons The New School for Design.[13] While in New York, he often visited Studio 54, where he realized he was gay.[14][15] The club's disco-era glamor would be a major influence on his later designs.[16][17] Before his last year at New School, Ford spent a year and a half in Paris, where he worked as an intern in Chloé's press office, inspiring his interest in fashion.[18][19] He spent his final year at The New School studying fashion, but graduated with a degree in architecture.[19][20]

Fashion career

Early career

When interviewing for jobs after graduation, Ford said that he had attended The New School's Parsons division, but concealed that he graduated in architecture,[3] and that his work at Chloé was a low-level public relations position. Despite his lack of experience in fashion, Ford called American designer Cathy Hardwick every day for a month in hopes of securing a job at her sportswear company. Hardwick eventually agreed to interview him. She later recalled the incident: "I had every intention of giving him no hope. I asked him who his favorite European designers were. He said, 'Armani and Chanel.' Months later I asked him why he said that, and he said, 'Because you were wearing something Armani'. Is it any wonder he got the job?" Ford worked as a design assistant for Hardwick for two years.[3]

In 1988, Ford moved to Perry Ellis,[3] where he knew both Robert McDonald, the company's president, and Marc Jacobs, its designer, socially. He worked at the company for two years, but grew tired of working in American fashion. In a later interview with The New York Times, he commented, "If I was ever going to become a good designer, I had to leave America. My own culture was inhibiting me. Too much style in America is tacky. It's looked down upon to be too stylish. Europeans, however, appreciate style."[21][22]

At the time, Italian fashion house Gucci was struggling financially and was seeking to strengthen its women's ready-to-wear presence as a part of a brand overhaul. The company's creative director, Dawn Mello said, "no one would dream of wearing Gucci". In 1990, Mello hired Ford as the brand's chief women's ready-to-wear designer and Ford moved to Milan.[3] "I was talking to a lot of people, and most didn't want the job," Mello said. "For an American designer to move to Italy to join a company that was far from being a brand would have been pretty risky." Ford and his longtime partner, fashion journalist Richard Buckley, relocated to Milan that September.[3]

Ford's role at Gucci rapidly expanded; he was designing menswear within six months, and shoes soon after that. When Richard Lambertson left as design director in 1992, Ford took over his position,[3] heading the brand's ready-to-wear, fragrances, image, advertising, and store design. In 1993, when he was in charge of designing eleven product lines, Ford worked eighteen-hour days. During these years, there were creative tensions between Ford and Maurizio Gucci, the company's chairman and 50% owner. According to Mello, "Maurizio always wanted everything to be round and brown, and Tom wanted to make it square and black." Though Maurizio Gucci wanted to fire Ford, Domenico De Sole insisted that he remain.[3] Nonetheless, Ford's work during the early 1990s was primarily behind the scenes; his contributions to Gucci were overshadowed by those of Mello, who was the company's public face.

Creative director of Gucci and Saint Laurent

Evening dress by Tom Ford for Yves Saint Laurent Rive Gauche. Selected as Dress of the Year for 2004.

In 1994, Ford was promoted to Creative Director of Gucci. In his first year at the helm, he introduced Halston-style velvet hipsters, skinny satin shirts and car-finish metallic patent boots. In 1995, he brought in French stylist Carine Roitfeld and photographer Mario Testino to create a series of new ad campaigns for the company.[23] Between 1995 and 1996, sales at Gucci increased by 90%. At one point, Ford was the largest individual shareholder of Gucci stock and options. By 1999, the house, which had been almost bankrupt when Ford joined, was valued more than $4 billion.[24]

When Gucci acquired the house of Yves Saint Laurent (YSL) in 1999, Ford was named Creative Director of that label as well.[25] Saint Laurent did not hide his displeasure with Ford's designs, stating "The poor man does what he can".[26] During his time as creative director for YSL, Ford nonetheless won numerous Council of Fashion Designers of America Awards. Like his work at Gucci, Ford was able to pull the classic fashion house back into the mainstream.[27] His advertising campaigns for the YSL fragrances Opium (with a red-haired Sophie Dahl completely naked wearing only a necklace and stiletto heels in a sexually suggestive pose)[28] and YSL M7 (with martial arts champion Samuel de Cubber in complete full-frontal nudity)[29] were controversial and provocative.[30]

In April 2004, Ford parted ways with the Gucci group after he and CEO Domenico de Sole, who is credited as Ford's partner in Gucci's success, failed to agree with Pinault Printemps Redoute boss over control of the Group.[24][31] He has since referred to this experience as "devastating" and as a "midlife crisis" because he had "put everything into that for fifteen years."[32] When Ford left in 2004, Gucci Group was valued at $10 billion.[31] Four people were hired to split the work Ford had done.[33]

Tom Ford label

A Tom Ford boutique in Toronto

After leaving Gucci, Ford launched a line of menswear, beauty, eyewear, and accessories in 2006, named after himself, "Tom Ford". Dominico De Sole became chairman of the Tom Ford label.[34] Ford has described "the Tom Ford customer" as international, cultured, well traveled, and possessing disposable income. For females, he added "strong women, … intelligent women who know their own style".[35]

Michelle Obama wore an ivory floor-length evening gown designed by Ford to Buckingham Palace in 2011.[36][37][38] Ford has also dressed Beyoncé, Jennifer Lopez, Gwyneth Paltrow, Anne Hathaway, Daniel Craig, Tom Hanks, Johnny Depp, Ryan Gosling, Will Smith, Julianne Moore, Hugh Jackman, Jon Hamm, and Henry Cavill.[39][40] Ford designed Daniel Craig's suits for his last three James Bond films: Quantum of Solace, Skyfall, and Spectre.[39][41]

In 2013, Tom Ford was mentioned in Justin Timberlake's song "Suit & Tie", which was a collaboration with Jay Z.[42][43] Ford created the suits, shirts, and accessories for the Grammy winning "Suit & Tie" music video.[40] He went on to dress Timberlake's 20/20 Experience World Tour, designing over 600 pieces for the tour.[44][45] The same year, Jay Z released a song titled "Tom Ford" with "Tom Ford" rapped numerous times within the song.[46][47] Ford responded that he was flattered and "it means that one has really penetrated and made an impact on popular culture."[48] Following the song's release, Tom Ford received a huge spike in online search engine queries.[40][49] The song would go on to sell over a million copies and become certified platinum.[50]

Controversies

Ford has been criticized for using naked women in various ad campaigns. Various journalists asserted that the ads were vulgar, sexist, or objectified women. One ad featuring a nude woman holding a bottle of the perfume between her legs. Another featured a naked woman ironing a man's pants while he read a newspaper. A separate ad was banned in Italy.[51][52][53][54]

Responding to criticism that he objectified women, Ford stated he is an "equal opportunity objectifier" and is "just as happy to objectify men". He argued "you can't show male nudity in our culture in the way you can show female nudity" and pointed out that he did a male nude ad while at Yves Saint Laurent which got pulled.[55][56]

In 2014, Ford released a new product, called the "Penis Pendant Necklace". The product caused some controversy, with Christians calling it offensive due to the pendant being shaped similar to a Christian cross or crucifix.[57][58][59] Ford replied that "it was not meant to be a cross, it was a phallus" and "people read into things that they want to".[56]

Career as a film director

A Single Man

Ford at the 66th Venice Film Festival, with A Single Man's Julianne Moore and Colin Firth

In March 2005, Ford announced the launch of his film production company, Fade to Black. In 2009 he made his directorial debut with A Single Man,[3] based on the novel of the same name by Christopher Isherwood. The drama stars Colin Firth as an LA-based, gay college professor, alongside Julianne Moore, Nicholas Hoult and Matthew Goode. The screenplay was adapted by Canadian David Scearce and Ford; Ford was also one of the producers.

A Single Man premiered on September 11, 2009 at the 66th Venice International Film Festival, where it was nominated for top award the Golden Lion. Colin Firth was awarded the Volpi Cup as Best Actor for his performance. He won a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, and was nominated for an Academy Award,[60] Golden Globe,[61] Independent Spirit Award and Screen Actors Guild Award.

Other nominations for the film included two further Golden Globe categories: Julianne Moore for Best Supporting Actress, and Abel Korzeniowski for Best Original Score. At the Independent Spirit Awards, the film was nominated for Best First Feature and Best First Screenplay.[62] Ford and David Scearce, who had first adapted the book into a novel, also received a nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay at the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards.

Nocturnal Animals

In 2015, Ford became attached to direct Nocturnal Animals, an adaptation of the Austin Wright novel Tony and Susan, with George Clooney and Grant Heslov serving as producers.[63] Jake Gyllenhaal and Amy Adams play the lead roles of Tony and Susan.[64] Michael Shannon, Armie Hammer, Kim Basinger and Aaron Taylor-Johnson also joined the film, although Basinger later dropped out and was replaced by Laura Linney.[65][66][67]

The film received praise from critics, as well as winning the Grand Jury Prize at the Venice Film Festival. The film has an approval rating of 72% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 143 reviews with an average rating of 7.1/10, with the site's critical consensus reading: "Well-acted and lovely to look at, Nocturnal Animals further underscores writer-director Tom Ford's distinctive visual and narrative skill."[68]

Personal life

Ford is married to Richard Buckley, a journalist and former editor in chief of Vogue Hommes International; they have been in a relationship since meeting in 1986.[69] The couple have a son, Alexander John "Jack"[25] Buckley Ford, born in September 2012.[70] The family lived in Italy, where Ford moved from New York in 1990.[71] Ford lives in his residences in Los Angeles, Santa Fe, and London.[72] Ford and Buckley have owned smooth fox terriers, which have appeared on the runway and in his film A Single Man.[73] He constructed a 24,000-acre private tract designed by Japanese architect Tadao Ando, in Santa Fe.[74]

Politics

Ford is a Democrat. He disagreed with America's invasion of Iraq in 2003, stating that he felt "ashamed to be an American". His comment drew public criticism within America.[55] Ford supported Barack Obama's elections, including hosting a fundraising dinner.[75] Ford stated he would not dress Melania Trump.[76]

Ford has advocated for federal recognition of same-sex marriage in the United States. In an 2009 interview, he said he preferred the term "civil partnership" for both opposite-sex and same-sex partnerships, and to leave "marriage" to religion to decide.[77]

Public image and legacy

Ford has been included in several best-dressed lists, such as International Best Dressed List,[78] The Guardian's "The 50 best-dressed over-50s",[79] and British GQ's "50 Best Dressed Men in Britain 2015".[80] He was featured on the cover of the 2011 spring/summer issue of Another Man, giving his opinion on what makes the modern day gentleman.[81] He has been called a "fashion icon"[82][83] and a "style icon",[84][85] and he was included in "All-TIME 100 Fashion Icons" list.[86] He won many awards including several VH1/Vogue Fashion Awards and Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) Awards.[1] In 2014, the CFDA awarded him the Geoffery Beene Lifetime Achievement Award.[87]

While Ford has been in a monogamous relationship for many years, he "continues to promote himself with a youthful and sexually charged image."[1] He is known for sexy clothes, making provocative statements, and creating racy advertisements.[88] Ford's designs convey a "sophisticated sex appeal"[89] and he has been credited for "bringing sexy back".[90][91][92][93] His advertisement campaigns have drawn controversy for use of nudity and "provocative sexual imagery".[55][94] Ford is also known to pose with celebrities and models in his ad campaigns.[90] He has been called the "King of Sex" and "the straightest gay man in the world".[88]

Ford saved Gucci from near bankruptcy and transformed it into a fashion powerhouse.[31][95] His decade as the creative director was a "golden era" for Gucci.[96] He turned the brand around, replacing the "grunge look" with "sexy, yet sophisticated, clothes".[95][97] He is known for his bold designs.[98] The New York Magazine wrote "Every season, Ford created an 'It' piece, a must-have, a season-defining trend, photographed to death, knocked off ad nauseam."[99] Ford says it is important for designers to be contemporary and current with the changing standard of beauty.[100][101]

Filmography

Awards and nominations

Ford has been recognized by important design and cultural councils worldwide, including the Cooper Hewitt Design Museum and Time.

Books

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Tom Ford Biography". Biography.com. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  2. ↑ "Texas Births, 1926–1995". Familytreelegends.com. August 27, 1961. Retrieved December 24, 2011.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 "Tom Ford," Newsmakers, (1999) Biography In Context, Gale, Detroit
  4. ↑ Sharpe, Tom. "Ford: Santa Fe Is Home". Santa Fe New Mexican (November 10, 2005).
  5. 1 2 Dingus, Anne. "Tom Ford". Texas Monthly (September 1998).
  6. ↑ "Thomas Carlyle Ford". FamilySearch. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  7. ↑ Bonnin, Julie. "Tom Ford Gucci: One-time Central Texan becomes Gucci god". Austin American-Statesman (August 18, 1997).
  8. ↑ Mayfield, Dan. "Designer's New Direction" Archived January 12, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.. Albuquerque Journal (October 24, 2004).
  9. ↑ Bey, Sureme Laster (April 15, 2014). "Finding Fortune: Tom Ford". Out. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  10. 1 2 "Style icon has ties to Santa Fe". Albuquerque Journal (January 11, 2002).
  11. ↑ Porter, Charlie. "Paris Style". The Guardian (March 16, 2001).
  12. ↑ Shaeffer, Brittany. "Ford Is Bigger, Louder Than Ever". New York Daily News (April 13, 2005).
  13. ↑ Manan, Dazman (December 11, 2003). "In Ford-ward drive". New Straits Times. Retrieved March 19, 2016 – via HighBeam Research. (subscription required (help)).
  14. ↑ "Tom Ford: the hard-driven Texan behind the rebirth of Gucci". Agence France-Presse (April 12, 2005).
  15. ↑ Frankel, Susannah. "A Bigger Splash". The Independent (January 16, 1999).
  16. ↑ Groskop, Viv. "Style King". Sunday Express (February 29, 2004).
  17. ↑ Porter, Charlie. "End of designer era could see Ford and De Sole set up own label". The Guardian (November 5, 2003).
  18. ↑ Sharkey, Alix (January 20, 2000). "How the man in black conquered the world". The Independent. Archived from the original on September 1, 2009.
  19. 1 2 "Gucci uses its loafer". South China Morning Post (December 4, 1994).
  20. ↑ Luther, Marylou. "Cynicism key to fashion today, Ford says". The Plain Dealer (March 14, 1996).
  21. ↑ "A Touch of Innuendo at Tom Ford Spring/Summer 2015". Fashion One. September 29, 2014. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
  22. ↑ Parker, Ashley Joy (August 27, 2013). "This Week In Fashion History: The Rise And Rise Of Tom Ford's Empire". Fashion Times. IBT Media. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  23. ↑ Horyn, Cathy (April 20, 2015). "Tom Ford Gets Candid About His Years at Gucci". The Cut. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
  24. 1 2 Amed, Imran (September 26, 2013). "The Business of Being Tom Ford, Part I". The Business of Fashion. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
  25. 1 2 Foxman, Ariel (February 11, 2016). "Tom Ford Wants to Change the Way We Shop". TIME. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  26. ↑ Schiro, Anne-Marie (June 2, 2008). "Yves Saint Laurent, Giant of Couture, Dies at 71". The New York Times.
  27. ↑ "Tom Ford – Perfume Society". Perfume Society. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  28. ↑ "Controversial fashion ads". Dazed. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
  29. ↑ "Controversial fashion ads". Dazed. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
  30. ↑ Allwood, Emma Hope (May 13, 2015). "Fashion v censorship: a history of banned ads". Dazed. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
  31. 1 2 3 Schreyer, Natalie (January 15, 2015). "Only One Man Belongs at Gucci, and His Name is Tom Ford". Racked. Vox Media. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
  32. ↑ "Tom Ford: "I am really a loner after all"". The Talks. July 20, 2011. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  33. ↑ Moran, Terry. "Person of the Week: Tom Ford". ABC News. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  34. ↑ Avins, Mimi (February 28, 2006). "Tom Ford to launch his own label". Los Angeles Times.
  35. ↑ "Who is the Tom Ford Customer? | Tom Ford Interview | CNBC International". CNBC International. February 24, 2015. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  36. ↑ Chernikoff, Leah (May 25, 2011). "Michelle Obama stuns in Tom Ford at Buckingham Palace; Could it be her best black tie look to date?". Fashionista. Breaking Media. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  37. ↑ Friedman, Vanessa (June 17, 2015). "Michelle Obama Stages Her Own London Fashion Week". The New York Times. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
  38. ↑ Odell, Amy (May 25, 2011). "Michelle Obama Wore Tom Ford to a Buckingham Palace Banquet". The Cut. New York (magazine). Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  39. 1 2 Karmali, Sarah (September 25, 2012). "Tom Ford On James Bond's Skyfall Wardrobe". Vogue UK. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  40. 1 2 3 Tschorn, Adam (August 8, 2013). "Yahoo searches for 'Tom Ford' spike -- is Jay Z the reason?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  41. ↑ Sagoo, Shereen (November 17, 2015). "Buy Like Bond". British GQ. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  42. ↑ Burton, Cinya (July 11, 2013). "Tom Ford Responds to Jay-Z's Name Drop". E!. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  43. ↑ Ramos, Dorkys (July 11, 2013). "Tom Ford Responds to Jay-Z's Musical Ode to the Designer". BET. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  44. ↑ Westervelt, Bryce (January 29, 2013). "Justin Timberlake hires Tom Ford to design 'Suit & Tie' comeback". AXS. Anschutz Entertainment Group. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
  45. ↑ Mccall, Tyler (November 6, 2013). "Tom Ford Designed 600 Pieces Exclusively for Justin Timberlake". Fashionista. Breaking Media. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
  46. ↑ Smith, Trevor (July 3, 2013). "Jay-Z "Previews "Tom Ford" (Magna Carta Promo)" Video". Hotnewhiphop.com. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  47. ↑ Sowray, Bibby (July 4, 2013). "Jay-Z debuts 'Tom Ford' track". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  48. ↑ Ma, Julie (July 11, 2013). "Tom Ford Flattered by Jay-Z's New Track Named After Him". The Cut. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  49. ↑ DelliCarpini, Gregory, Jr. (July 8, 2013). "Jay-Z's 'Tom Ford' Shout Out on 'Magna Carta' Album Makes Designer Feel 'Flattered': Exclusive". Billboard. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  50. ↑ "Gold & Platinum". RIAA. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  51. ↑ Wallis, David (June 4, 2012). "The Breast of Advertising: From Hooters to the cover of 'Time,' does the strategy sell or repel?". Adweek. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  52. ↑ Allwood, Emma Hope (May 13, 2015). "Fashion v censorship: a history of banned ads". Dazed. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  53. ↑ Stampler, Laura (April 10, 2012). "These Modern Ads Are Even More Sexist Than Their 'Mad Men' Era Counterparts". Business Insider. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  54. ↑ "Italy gives the finger to latest Tom Ford ad". Adweek. April 25, 2008. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  55. 1 2 3 Hughes, Sali (March 21, 2015). "Tom Ford: 'I'm an equal opportunity objectifier'". The Guardian. Retrieved March 4, 2016.
  56. 1 2 "Tom Ford's Penis Necklace Controversy | Tom Ford Interview". CNBC International. February 24, 2015. Retrieved March 4, 2016.
  57. ↑ Tsjeng, Zing (December 15, 2014). "Christians outraged by Tom Ford cross-shaped penis necklace". Dazed. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  58. ↑ Sharkey, Linda (December 11, 2014). "Tom Ford's 18 carat gold penis necklace is now on sale – just in time for Christmas". The Independent. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  59. ↑ Rahman, Khaleda (December 13, 2014). "Is this the rudest necklace ever? Controversial designer Tom Ford's 'unbelievably offensive' phallic pendants spark fury". Daily Mail. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  60. ↑ "Movie Guide" (February 12, 2010) Arlington Heights Daily Herald
  61. ↑ "Saucy Globes heavy on dark, sober themes" (January 17, 2010) Doylestown Intelligencer
  62. ↑ "Spirit Awards 2010 | Tom Ford: 'I have always been obsessed by film.'", Indiewire, February 17, 2013. Archived April 25, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
  63. ↑ Borys Kit (March 24, 2015). "Tom Ford Teams with George Clooney for Thriller 'Nocturnal Animals'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 24, 2015.
  64. ↑ "Tom Ford's 'Nocturnal Animals' Starring Jake Gyllenhaal, Amy Adams Sells for $20 Million to Focus Features". The Warp. May 17, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  65. ↑ "Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Michael Shannon Join Jake Gyllenhaal's 'Nocturnal Animals'". Variety. August 6, 2015.
  66. ↑ "Kim Basinger Joins Tom Ford's 'Nocturnal Animals'". Deadline. August 14, 2015.
  67. ↑ "Armie Hammer Joins Tom Ford's 'Nocturnal Animals'". Variety. August 28, 2015.
  68. ↑ "Nocturnal Animals". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  69. ↑ D'Zurilla, Christie (April 8, 2014). "Designer Tom Ford reveals he and Richard Buckley are married". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
  70. ↑ "Tom Ford Welcomes Son Alexander John", People, October 5, 2012. Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
  71. ↑ "Tom Ford – Voguepedia". Vogue.com. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
  72. ↑ "About Tom Ford". Tom Ford Online Store. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
  73. ↑ Donaldson James, Susan (March 12, 2008). "More Gay Men Choose Surrogacy to Have Children". ABC News. Retrieved December 24, 2011.
  74. ↑ Bear, Rob. "The Homes of Fashion Designer and Film Director Tom Ford". Curbed. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  75. ↑ Wischhover, Cheryl (September 20, 2012). "Tom Ford and Gwyneth Paltrow Host Posh Obama Fundraiser with Anna Wintour in London". Fashionista. Breaking Media.
  76. ↑ http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2016/12/01/tom-ford-fashion-first-lady-melania-trump/94737124/
  77. ↑ Sessums, Kevin (November 9, 2009). "Tom Ford Tells All". The Advocate. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  78. 1 2 "The International Best-Dressed Hall of Fame 2015". Vanity Fair. August 5, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
  79. 1 2 Cartner-Morley, Jess (March 29, 2013). "The 50 best-dressed over-50s". The Guardian. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
  80. 1 2 Johnston, Robert (January 5, 2015). "50 Best Dressed Men in Britain 2015". GQ. Archived from the original on January 7, 2015.
  81. ↑ Hack, Jefferson (March 18, 2011). "Tom Ford". AnOther. Retrieved December 24, 2011.
  82. ↑ "Fashion icon Tom Ford to make second movie this year". Daily Mail. Agence France-Presse. February 21, 2015. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  83. ↑ "Fashion Icons with Fern Mallis: Tom Ford – theFashionSpot". theFashionSpot. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  84. ↑ "Beyoncé and Jay-Z Rumors: Star Couple Pisses Style Icon Tom Ford Off by Arriving Fashionably Late". News Every Day. February 24, 2015. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  85. ↑ Averill, Farah. "Style Icon: Tom Ford". AskMen. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  86. 1 2 Gayomali, Chris (April 2, 2012). "Tom Ford". Time. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  87. ↑ "The Awe-inspiring, Mr. Tom Ford.". CFDA. May 22, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  88. 1 2 Freeman, Hadley (September 26, 2008). "The man with the golden touch". The Guardian. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  89. ↑ "Tom Ford". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  90. 1 2 Dishman, Lydia (March 29, 2010). "Tom Ford's Bringing Sexy Back – to a New Women's Wear Collection". CBS News. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  91. ↑ Klein, Alyssa Vingan (August 27, 2014). "Tom Ford's 20 Sexiest Ad Campaigns of All Time". Fashionista. Breaking Media. Retrieved April 18, 2016. Throughout his illustrious career, he's credited with bringing the sexy back to mega-brands like Gucci and Saint Laurent
  92. ↑ Bourne, Leah (June 2, 2014). "The Tom Ford Guide To Sex". StyleCaster. Retrieved April 18, 2016. Often heralded as the man who 'brought sexy back'
  93. ↑ Conti, Samantha (December 17, 2015). "Tom Ford's Bringing Sexy Back to New York Fashion Week". Yahoo! News. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  94. ↑ Speer, Lawrence J. (October 28, 2002). "Naked Male Ads Stir Controversy in Europe". Advertising Age. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
  95. 1 2 "Tom Ford". Encyclopedia.com. 2005. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  96. ↑ Pieri, Kerry (January 14, 2015). "Is Tom Ford Returning to Gucci?". Harper's Bazaar. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  97. ↑ Ahmed, Osman (February 9, 2016). "Tom Ford's Sexual Revolution at Gucci A/W96". AnOther. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  98. ↑ "Tom Ford: Understanding The Man Behind The Legacy". VisionPlus Magazine. FourPlus Media. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  99. ↑ Larocca, Amy (March 15, 2004). "Collectible Gucci". New York Magazine. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  100. ↑ "Tom Ford docu". ELLE België. August 20, 2013. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  101. ↑ "Vogue Voices: Tom Ford". Vogue. January 10, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  102. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "CFDA Fashion Awards". Retrieved April 22, 2016.
  103. ↑ The Accessories Council Excellence (ACE) Awards Archived March 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. – Accessories Council

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