Timeline of Harare

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Harare, Zimbabwe.

Prior to 20th century

Part of a series on the
History of Zimbabwe
Ancient history Mapungubwe Kingdom c.1075–1220 Zimbabwe Kingdom c.1220–1450 Mutapa Kingdom c.1450–1760 Torwa dynasty c.1450–1683
White settlement pre-1923 Rozwi Empire c.1684–1834 Matabeleland 1838–1894 Rudd Concession 1888 BSA Company rule 1890–1923 First Matabele War 1893–1894 Second Matabele War 1896–1897 World War I involvement 1914–1918 Colony of Southern Rhodesia 1923–1980 World War II involvement 1939–1945 Malayan Emergency involvement 1948–1960 Federation with Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland 1953–1963 Rhodesian Bush War 1964–1979 Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) 1965 Rhodesia under UDI 1965–1979 Zimbabwe-Rhodesia June–Dec 1979 Lancaster House Agreement Dec 1979 British Dependency 1979–1980 Zimbabwe 1980–present Gukurahundi 1982–1987 Second Congo War 1998–2003
Zimbabwe portal

• 1890 – Fort Salisbury founded in Mashonaland by British South Africa Company.^[1]
• 1891 – Mashonaland Herald and Zambesian Times begins publication.^[2]
• 1896 – Salisbury Polo Club formed.
• 1897
  • Harare Township built.^[1]
  • Salisbury attains municipal status.^[1]
• 1899 – Beira-Salisbury railway begins operating.^[1][3]

20th century

• 1902
  • Botswana-Salisbury railway begins operating.^[1]
  • Queen Victoria Memorial Library founded.^[4]
• 1915 – Meikles Hotel in business.
• 1923 – Town becomes capital of British Southern Rhodesia.^[5]
• 1927 – Salisbury Technical School established.^[1]
• 1933 – Town House built.^[6]
• 1936 – Library of the National Archives founded.^[7]
• 1945 – Railway strike.^[8]
• 1946 – Reformed Industrial and Commercial Workers Union established.^[9]
• 1948
  • General strike.^[9]
  • Zimbabwe College of Music established.^[1]
• 1950 – Gwebe College of Agriculture established.^[1]
• 1951 – Stock exchange established.
• 1953
  • City becomes capital of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
  • Helping Hand Club (women's group) formed.^[10]
• 1955 – University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland and Salisbury City Youth League^[11] established.
• 1956
  • Salisbury Airport commissioned.
  • Bus boycott.^[12]
• 1957 – Rhodes National Gallery opens.^[13][14]
• 1959 – Pearl Assurance House built.
• 1960 – Central Film Laboratories in business.^[15]
• 1962
  • First International Congress of African Culture held in city.^[14]
  • Queen Victoria Memorial Library rebuilt.^[16]
• 1964 – Greenwood Park established.^[6]
• 1969 – The Financial Gazette begins publication.
• 1970 – Chapungu Sculpture Park founded.^[6]
• 1972
  • Zimbabwe National Library and Documentation Service headquartered in city.^[7]
  • Construction of New Mabvuku begins.
• 1975 – Mabvuku High School opens in Mabvuku.
• 1977 – 6 August: Bombing.
• 1978 – Oil storage tanks set on fire by the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army.^[17]

1980s–1990s

• 1980 – City becomes part of independent Republic of Zimbabwe.
• 1981
  • December: Bombing of ZANU-PF headquarters.^[18]
  • National Heroes Acre (Zimbabwe) monument built near city.^[19]
• 1982 – City renamed "Harare."^[20]
• 1984 - Harare Publishing House established.^[21]
• 1985 – Karigamombe Centre built.
• 1986 – September: City hosts Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement.
• 1990 - Sister city relationship established with Cincinnati, USA.^[22]
• 1991 – October: City hosts Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1991; Harare Declaration issued.
• 1995 – September: City hosts 1995 All-Africa Games.
• 1996
  • Rainbow City Cinema in business.^[23]
  • Eastgate built.^[24]
  • Women Filmmakers of Zimbabwe headquartered in city.^[25]
• 1997 – New Reserve Bank tower built.
• 1998
  • Economic protest.^[26]
  • Zimbabwe International Film Festival begins.
  • December: City hosts meeting of World Council of Churches.
• 1999
  • Daily News begins publication.
  • Zimbabwe Catholic University established.
  • Harare International Festival of the Arts begins.
  • Media Monitoring Project headquartered in city.^[27]

21st century

2000s

• 2000 – Millennium Towers built.
• 2001 – Harare Tribune begins publication.
• 2002 – Elias Mudzuri becomes mayor.^[28][29]
• 2003
  • Water shortage.^[30]
  • Sekesai Makwavarara becomes acting mayor.^[31]
• 2004 – Harare International Airport terminal built (approximate date).
• 2005 – Operation Murambatsvina.^[29]
• 2008
  • Emmanuel Chiroto elected mayor, succeeded by Muchadeyi Masunda.^[32]
  • Harare Residents Trust organised.^[33]
  • Cholera outbreak.
• 2009
  • First Floor Gallery Harare in business.
  • Population: 1,513,173.^[34]

2010s

• 2010
  • NewsDay begins publication.^[35]
  • Zimbabwe Fashion Week begins.^[36]
  • Joina City tower built.
• 2013 - Bernard Gabriel Manyenyeni becomes mayor.^[37]

See also

• Harare history
• List of mayors of Harare

References

Further reading

Published in the 20th century

• Terri Barnes; Everjoyce Win (1992), To live a better life: an oral history of women in the city of Harare, 1930–70, Harare, Zimbabwe: Baobab Books, ISBN 0908311354 
• Carole Rakodi (1995), Harare: Inheriting a Settler-Colonial City; Change or Continuity?, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 9780471949510 
• Nelson T. Samburenia (1996). "The emergence of independent African trade unions in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia, 1920s to 1950s: Toward mass nationalism?". Kleio. 28. 
• Kinuthia Macharia (1997). Social and political dynamics of the informal economy in African cities: Nairobi and Harare. University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-0840-4. 
• Teresa A. Barnes (1999), 'We Women Worked so Hard': Gender, Urbanization and Social Reproduction in Colonial Harare, Zimbabwe, 1930–1956, Heinemann, ISBN 9780325001739 
• Patrick Bond (1999). "Capital in the city: a history of urban financialflows through colonial Harare". In Brian Raftopoulos and Tsuneo Yoshikuni. Sites of Struggle. Weaver Press Ltd. ISBN 0797419845. 

Published in the 21st century

• Governing the Poor in Harare, Zimbabwe, Sweden: Nordic Africa Institute, 2002 – via International Relations and Security Network 
• Stanley D. Brunn; et al., eds. (2003), "Harare", Cities of the World (3rd ed.), Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 084769898X 
• Luc J. A. Mougeot, ed. (2005). "(Harare)". Agropolis: The Social, Political, and Environmental Dimensions of Urban Agriculture. International Development Research Centre. ISBN 978-1-55250-186-3. 
• Innocent Chirisa (2011), "Social Capital Dynamics in the Post-colonial Harare Urbanscape", in Joseph D. Lewandowski and Gregory W. Streich, Urban social capital, Burlington, VT: Ashgate, ISBN 9781409412243 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Harare.

• "(Articles related to Harare)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. 
• "(Items related to Harare)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library.