South Korean hwan

South Korean hwan
1 hwan note
Hangul	환
Hanja	圜
Revised Romanization	hwan
McCune–Reischauer	hwan

The hwan was the currency of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) between February 15, 1953 and June 9, 1962.

History

Due to the devaluation of the first South Korean won (from 15 won to the U.S. dollar in 1945 to 6000 won to the dollar in 1953), the hwan was introduced in 1953 at the rate of 1 hwan = 100 won. The hwan was nominally subdivided into 100 jeon but the lowest denomination issued was 1 hwan. The hwan also suffered from inflation and a series of devaluations occurred.

In 1962, the second South Korean won was reintroduced at a rate of 1 won = 10 hwan, after which inflation finally slowed down.

Coins

In 1959, coins were introduced in denominations of 10, 50 and 100 hwan. They were minted by the Philadelphia Mint.

Hwan Coins (Korean)
Image		Value	Technical parameters			Description		Date of
Obverse	Reverse		Diameter	Mass	Composition	Obverse	Reverse	first minting	issue	withdrawal
		10 hwan	19.1 mm	2.46 g	Copper 95% Zinc 5%	Rose of Sharon, value, bank title (Hangul)	Value (digit), "Republic of Korea", year of minting	1959 (Korean calendar 4292)	October 20, 1959	March 22, 1975
		50 hwan	22.86 mm	3.69 g	Copper 70% Zinc 18% Nickel 12%	Geobukseon, value, bank title (Hangul)	Value (digit), "Republic of Korea", year of minting	1959 (Korean calendar 4292)	October 20, 1959	March 22, 1975
		100 hwan	26.0 mm	6.74 g	Cupronickel Copper 75% Nickel 25%	Lee Sung-man, value, bank title (Hangul)			October 30, 1959	June 10, 1962
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimeter. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

The 10 and 50 hwan coins continued to circulate until March 22, 1975 but the 100 hwan coins were withdrawn on June 10, 1962.

Banknotes

In 1953, banknotes were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 100 and 1000 hwan. Some of these notes were printed in the U.S. and gave the denomination in English and Hangul as won. 500 hwan notes were introduced in 1956, followed by 1000 hwan in 1957 and 50 hwan in 1958.

American printed notes

The first hwan notes were printed by the United States Government Printing Office. All Hanja and Hangul inscription on both the obverse and reverse sides of these notes are written right to left (traditional direction), instead of the modern (Westernized) left to right.

They have a few obvious defects. The term "hwan" is written in Hanja (圜) while "won" is written in Hangul (원) and English. Those problems were attributed to an urgent need for new banknotes and the change in currency name, as well as the decision to commission the new notes to be manufactured in the United States.^[1] Unaware banknote catalog editors may erroneously categorize these notes as part of the old won system, such as the Standard Catalog of World Paper Money by Albert Pick.

American printed hwan notes (Korean)
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main colour	Description		Date of
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	issue	withdrawal
		1 hwan	111 × 54 mm	Pink	Bank name (Hanja), value (Hangul and Hanja)	Bank of Korea's symbol	February 17, 1953	June 10, 1962
		5 hwan		Red
		10 hwan	156 × 66 mm	Purple	Bank name (Hanja), value (Hangul and Hanja), Geobukseon	Bank of Korea's symbol
		100 hwan		Green
		1000 hwan		Brown
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixels per millimeter. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Korean printed notes

Korean printed hwan notes (Korean)
Image		Value	Dimensions	Description		Date of
Obverse	Reverse			Obverse	Reverse	issue	withdrawal
		10 hwan	156 × 66 mm	Namdaemun	Haegeumgang near Geoje	March 17, 1953	June 10, 1962
						December 15, 1953
		50 hwan	149 × 66 mm	Independence Gate	Yi Sun-sin's bronze statue, Geobukseon	August 15, 1958
		100 hwan	156 × 66 mm	Lee Sung-man	Independence Gate	December 18, 1953
						February 1, 1954
					Value	March 26, 1957
				Mother and her child	Independence Gate	May 16, 1962
		500 hwan	156 × 73 mm	Lee Sung-man	Value	March 26, 1956
						August 15, 1958
				Sejong the Great	Main building of the Bank of Korea	April 19, 1961
		1000 hwan	166 × 73 mm	Lee Sung-man	Bank of Korea's symbol	March 26, 1957
			165 × 73 mm	Sejong the Great	Torch	August 15, 1960
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixels per millimeter. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

See also

• List of Korea-related topics
• Economy of South Korea
• History of South Korea

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Money of South Korea.

• (Korean) Bank of Korea, 1953-1962 banknotes
• Bank of Korea, A Brief History of Korean Currency
• Bank of Korea, Currency Issue System