Shikoku proportional representation block

The Shikoku proportional representation block (Hirei [daihyō] Shikoku burokku (比例[代表]四国ブロック)) is one of eleven proportional representation (PR) "blocks", multi-member constituencies for the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. It consists of Shikoku region covering Tokushima, Kagawa, Ehime and Kōchi Prefectures. Following the introduction of proportional voting it elected seven representatives in the 1996 general election. When the total number of PR seats was reduced from 200 to 180, the Shikoku PR block shrunk to six seats.

Summary of results

With a district magnitude of six, Shikoku is the smallest PR block. The vote share necessary to obtain a seat is usually well above ten percent. In three elections after the consolidation of the LDP-DPJ-party system by the merger of the LP into the DPJ in 2001, only the top three parties were able to win seats in Shikoku. In 2012, the LDP recorded its worst result since the introduction of proportional party list voting and the DPJ vote share crashed by more than 25 percentage points, the newly created Japan Restoration Party managed to gain two proportional seats in Shikoku.

general election	LDP	DPJ	Kōmeitō	JCP	SDP	NFP ('96)/LP ('00)			JRP ('12)/JIP ('14)			Others
general election	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
1996	785,589	41.6	3	245,323	13.8	1	–			227,014	12.1	1	132,868	7.1	0	455,269	24.2	2	–			39,067	2.1	0
2000	700,719	36.0	3	402,457	20.7	1	266,791	13.7	1	213,729	11.0	1	196,277	10.1	0	162,700	8.4	0	–			5,316	0.3	0
2003	708,051	38.2	3	587,828	31.7	2	309,160	16.7	1	148,953	8.0	0	98,243	5.3	0	–			–			–
2005	821,746	38.3	3	711,927	33.2	2	317,575	14.8	1	175,994	8.2	0	119,089	5.5	0	–			–			–
2009	719,594	32.0	2	973,038	43.2	3	293,204	13.0	1	150,171	6.7	0	94,558	4.2	0	–			–			19,507	0.9	0
2012	567,193	30.7	2	296,914	16.0	1	276,907	15.0	1	106,976	5.8	0	42,762	2.3	0	–			394,393	21.3	2	165,091	8.8	0
2014	547,185	34.9	3	326,803	20.8	1	247,776	15.8	1	158,848	10.1	0	33,257	2.1	0	–			200,882	12.8	1	55,277	3.1	0

Party names are abbreviated as follows: (Romanisation of Japanese name in brackets):

LDP: Liberal Democratic Party, (Jiyūminshutō)
DPJ: Democratic Party of Japan (Minshutō)
Komeito (Kōmeitō)
JCP: Japanese Communist Party, (Nihon Kyōsantō)
SDP Social Democratic Party, Shakaiminshutō
NFP: New Frontier Party, Shinshintō
LP: Liberal Party, Jiyūtō
NSP: New Socialist Party, Shin-shakaitō
LL: Liberal League, Jiyū-rengō
HRP: Happiness Realization Party, Kōfuku-jitsugen-tō

List of Representatives

Note: Party affiliations as of election day.

Years	Elected Representatives
1996	Naoaki Haruna	Masanori Gotō	Kazuyoshi Endō	Shōzō Nishimura	Ihei Ochi died 2000, replaced by Akira Shichijō	Mamoru Nishida	Hajime Morita
2000	Naoaki Haruna	Masanori Gotō	Kazuyoshi Endō	Mamoru Nishida	Hajime Morita	Akira Shichijō	–
2003	Miho Takai	Masanori Gotō	Noritoshi Ishida	Hajime Morita	Yoshirō Okamoto	Akira Shichijō
2005	Junya Ogawa	Masanori Gotō resigned 2005, replaced by Miho Takai	Noritoshi Ishida	Akira Shichijō	Yoshirō Okamoto	Katsuko Nishimoto
2009	Hirobumi Niki	Takako Nagae	Hideyuki Takahashi	Noritoshi Ishida	Takuya Hirai	Shun'ichi Yamaguchi
2012	Junya Ogawa	Fumiki Sakurauchi	Arata Nishioka	Noritoshi Ishida	Takakazu Seto	Yasuji Izuhara
2014	Junya Ogawa	Hiroyuki Yokoyama	Noritoshi Ishida	Teru Fukui	Takakazu Seto	Mamoru Fukuyama

Election results

2014 general election

Main article: Shikoku proportional representation block election, 2014

Following on from the LDP landslide win at the 2012 general election, in which the party won 12 of the 13 electorates in Shikoku plus two of the six seats from the PR list,^[1] the LDP maintained their dominant position in the region by retaining all 10 of their electorates^[2] (two electorates were abolished to address voter malapportionment) and gaining a seat on the PR list from the dissolved Japan Restoration Party (JRP).

The JRP, which won 2 seats with 21.3% of the vote at the 2012 general election,^[1] had split in May 2014, with former members subsequently forming the Japan Innovation Party and Party for Future Generations. Of the two JRP members previously elected from the Shikoku PR list, Fumiki Sakurauchi joined the Party for Future Generations and contested the PR block in 2014, while Arata Nishioka contested the Ehime 2nd district as an independent; both candidates lost.

Former Ehime Prefectural Assembly member Hiroyuki Yokoyama^[3] was able to gain a seat for the Japan Innovation Party, while the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) and Komeito representatives were able to retain their seats.^[2]

Elected candidates
Party		Representative	Party rank	Term #
	LDP	Teru Fukui	1	6th
	DPJ	Junya Ogawa	1	4th
	LDP	Mamoru Fukuyama	2	2nd
	Komeito	Noritoshi Ishida	1	7th
	Innovation	Hiroyuki Yokoyama	1	1st
	LDP	Takakazu Seto	3	2nd

Japanese general election, 2014 House of Representatives << 2012 —
Enrolled voters			3,259,284^[4]
Votes cast			1,619,862^[4]				Turnout	49.70^[5]	-8.29^[5]
Informal votes			49834				Informal	3.08
Summary of votes by party
Party		Seats	Gains	Losses	Net gain/loss	Seats %	Votes %	Votes	+/-

	Liberal Democratic	3	1		1	50.0	34.9	547,185	4.2
	Democratic	1				16.67	20.8	326,803	4.8
	Komeito	1				16.67	15.8	247,776	0.8
	Innovation	1	1		1	16.67	12.8	200,882	12.8
	Communist	0				0.0	10.1	158,848	4.3
	Future Generations	0		1		0.0	2.8	44,515	2.8
	Social Democratic	0				0.0	2.1	33,257	0.2
	Happiness Realization	0				0.00	0.7	10,762	0.3
Total		6	Turnout					1,570,028	-8.29%

2012 general election

Main article: Shikoku proportional representation block election, 2012

The ruling DPJ lost two of the three seats held in the district, as their vote was reduced to 16.0%, down from 43.2% in the 2009 election. This matched the heavy losses the party suffered nationwide as the LDP led by Shinzo Abe returned to power. The newly-formed Japan Restoration Party gained the two seats lost by the DPJ.^[1] In the 13 single-member electorates, the LDP gained 4 seats, with Yuichiro Tamaki being the only DPJ member to retain his seat in the Kagawa 2nd district.^[6]

Elected candidates
Party		Representative	Party rank	Term #
	LDP	Takakazu Seto	1	1st
	Restoration	Fumiki Sakurauchi	1	1st
	DPJ	Junya Ogawa	1	3rd
	LDP	Yasuji Izuhara	14	2nd
	Komeito	Noritoshi Ishida	1	6th
	Restoration	Arata Nishioka	1	1st

Japanese general election, 2012 House of Representatives << 2009 — 2014 >>
Enrolled voters			3,291,313^[7]
Votes cast			1,908,601^[7]				Turnout	49.70^[8]
Informal votes			58,365				Informal	3.06
Summary of votes by party
Party		Seats	Gains	Losses	Net gain/loss	Seats %	Votes %	Votes	+/-

	Liberal Democratic	2				33.33	30.7	567,193	1.3
	Restoration	2	2		2	33.33	21.3	394,393	21.3
	Democratic	1		2	2	16.67	16.0	296,914	27.2
	Komeito	1				16.67	15.0	276,907	2.0
	Communist	0				0.0	5.8	106,976	0.9
	Your	0				0.0	5.0	93,090	5.0
	Tomorrow	0				0.0	3.4	63,830	3.4
	Social Democratic	0				0.0	2.3	42,762	1.9
	Happiness Realization	0				0.00	0.4	8,171	0.9
Total		6	Turnout					1,908,601

2009 general election

Shikoku block results in the 2009 general election^[9]^[10]
#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio" (sekihairitsu)	Elected	#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected	#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected
LDP: 719,594 votes (32.0%), 2 seats	DPJ: 973,038 votes (43.2%), 3 seats	Kōmeitō: 293,204 votes (13.0%), 1 seat
1	Takuya Hirai	Kagawa 1	83.3%	Elected	1	Hirobumi Niki	Tokushima 3	98.5%	Elected	1	Noritoshi Ishida	PR only		Elected
	Shun'ichi Yamaguchi	Tokushima 2	80.2%	Elected		Takako Nagae	Ehime 1	97.8%	Elected	2	Hidehisa Ochiai	PR only		–
	Masazumi Gotōda	Tokushima 3	Won district			Hideyuki Takahashi	Ehime 4	89.7%	Elected	JCP: 150,171 votes (6.7%), no seat
	Yasuhisa Shiozaki	Ehime 1	Won district			Yoshito Sengoku	Tokushima 1	Won district		#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected
	Seiichirō Murakami	Ehime 2	Won district			Miho Takai	Tokushima 2	Won district		1	Masaru Sasaoka	PR only		–
	Kōichi Yamamoto	Ehime 4	Won district			Jun'ya Ogawa	Kagawa 1	Won district		2	Motonori Furuta	Tokushima 1	10.8%	–
	Teru Fukui	Kōchi 1	Won district			Yūichirō Tamaki	Kagawa 2	Won district			Michiko Chikaishi	Kagawa 3	9.9%	–
	Gen Nakatani	Kōchi 2	Won district			Yōichi Shiraishi	Ehime 3	Won district			Katsuhiko Tanaka	Ehime 1	6.1%	–
	Yūji Yamamoto	Kōchi 3	Won district			Tomoi Nakayama	Kōchi 3	86.9%	–	SDP: 94,558 votes (4.2%), no seat
	Tōru Shirai	Ehime 3	77.2%	–		Kumiko Tamura	Kōchi 1	86.4%	–	#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected
	Yoshio Kimura	Kagawa 2	72.3%	–		Kiyo Kusumoto	Kōchi 2	65.9%	–	1	Tomoko Okahira	Ehime 2	89.9%	–
	Yoshirō Okamoto	Tokushima 1	51.8%	–	12	Kenshi Uno	PR only		–	1	Haruhiko Maida	Kagawa 3	73.3%	–
13	Akira Shichijō	PR only		–	13	Masuko Yoshida	PR only		–	HRP: 19,507 votes (0.9%), no seat
14	Katsuko Nishimoto			–	–					#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected
15	Masaharu Sasanuma			–						1	Akemi Takeo	PR only		–
16	Toshiyuki Minakuchi			–						2	Keiko Kushihata			–
–										3	Yukinori Tōjō			–
–										4	Shūhei Oka			–

References

1 2 3 "四国　【比例代表】開票結果総選挙2012 衆院選" [Shikoku (PR List) election results, 2012 general election, House of Reps election] (in Japanese). Yomiuri Shimbun. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
1 2 "開票結果・速報（比例・四国）衆院選2014（衆議院選挙）" [Election results: Shikoku PR List, 2014 House of Reps election] (in Japanese). Yomiuri Shimbun. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
↑ "横山博幸(比例・四国・維新) 衆院選2014(衆議院選挙)" [Hiroyuki Yokoyama (PR list, Shikoku, Innovation) House of Reps election 2014 (House of Representatives election)] (in Japanese). Yomiuri Shimbun. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
1 2 "都道府県別有権者数、投票者数、投票率（比例代表）" [Registered voters, number of voters and turnout by prefecture (PR blocks)]. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
1 2 "都道府県別有権者数、投票者数、投票率（比例代表）" [Registered voters, number of voters and turnout by prefecture (PR blocks)]. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
↑ "香川　小選挙区開票結果総選挙2012 衆院選選挙" [Kagawa districts, election results, 2012 House of Representatives election] (in Japanese). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
1 2 "都道府県別有権者数、投票者数、投票率（比例代表）" [Registered voters, number of voters and turnout by prefecture (PR blocks)]. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
↑ "都道府県別有権者数、投票者数、投票率（比例代表）" [Registered voters, number of voters and turnout by prefecture (PR blocks)]. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
↑ Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications: Results of the 2009 general election
↑ Yomiuri Shimbun: Election feature 2009

JANJAN, The Senkyo: Results of general and by-elections for the House of Representatives 1890–2010

Single-member districts and proportional representation "blocks" for the Japanese House of Representatives since 1996

Speaker of the House of Representatives of Japan: Tadamori Ōshima, Aomori 3 Vice Speaker of the House of Representatives of Japan: Tatsuo Kawabata, Kinki PR

Hokkaidō proportional representation block - 8 seats	Hokkaidō 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (7) 8 9 10 11 12 (13)

Tōhoku proportional representation block - 14 seats	Aomori 1 2 3 4 Iwate 1 2 3 4 Miyagi 1 2 3 4 5 6 Akita 1 2 3 Yamagata 1 2 3 (4) Fukushima 1 2 3 4 5

Kitakantō proportional representation block - 20 seats	Ibaraki 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tochigi 1 2 3 4 5 Gunma 1 2 3 4 5 Saitama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Minamikantō proportional representation block - 22 seats	Chiba 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Kanagawa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Yamanashi 1 2 (3)

Tokyo proportional representation block - 17 seats	Tokyo 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Hokurikushin'etsu proportional representation block - 11 seats	Niigata 1 2 3 4 5 6 Toyama 1 2 3 Ishikawa 1 2 3 Fukui 1 2 (3) Nagano 1 2 3 4 5

Tōkai proportional representation block - 21 seats	Gifu 1 2 3 4 5 Shizuoka 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (9) Aichi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Mie 1 2 3 4 5

Kinki proportional representation block - 29 seats	Shiga 1 2 3 4 Kyoto 1 2 3 4 5 6 Osaka 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Hyōgo 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Nara 1 2 3 4 Wakyama 1 2 3

Chūgoku proportional representation block - 11 seats	Tottori 1 2 Shimane 1 2 (3) Okayama 1 2 3 4 5 Hiroshima 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Yamaguchi 1 2 3 4

Shikoku proportional representation block - 6 seats	Tokushima 1 2 (3) Kagawa 1 2 3 Ehime 1 2 3 4 Kōchi 1 2 (3)

Kyūshū proportional representation block - 21 seats	Fukuoka 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Saga 1 2 (3) Nagasaki 1 2 3 4 Kumamoto 1 2 3 4 5 Ōita 1 2 3 (4) Miyazaki 1 2 3 Kagoshma 1 2 3 4 5 Okinawa 1 2 3 4

(in parentheses): districts eliminated in the 2002 and 2013 reapportionments

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