Shenkursk

Shenkursk (English)
Шенкурск (Russian)
-  Town[1]  -

Location of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia
Shenkursk
Location of Shenkursk in Arkhangelsk Oblast
Coordinates: 62°06′N 42°54′E / 62.100°N 42.900°E / 62.100; 42.900Coordinates: 62°06′N 42°54′E / 62.100°N 42.900°E / 62.100; 42.900
Coat of arms
Administrative status (as of 2012)
Country Russia
Federal subject Arkhangelsk Oblast[1]
Administrative district Shenkursky District[1]
Town of district significance Shenkursk[1]
Administrative center of Shenkursky District,[1] town of district significance of Shenkursk[1]
Municipal status (as of March 2013)
Municipal district Shenkursky Municipal District[2]
Urban settlement Shenkurskoye Urban Settlement[2]
Administrative center of Shenkursky Municipal District,[2] Shenkurskoye Urban Settlement[2]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 5,702 inhabitants[3]
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[4]
First mentioned 1229[5]
Town status since 1780[5]
Shenkursk on Wikimedia Commons

Shenkursk (Russian: Шенку́рск) is a town and the administrative center of Shenkursky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Vaga River. Population: 5,702 (2010 Census);[3] 6,151 (2002 Census);[6] 7,424 (1989 Census).[7]

History

Panoramic view of pre-revolutionary Shenkursk with the Holy Trinity Church (currently in ruins)

Shenkursk was first mentioned in documents of Novgorod merchants in 1229.[5] In 1315, it was bought by a Novgorod posadnik. Ivan the Terrible referred to this location as the town of Vaga and included it into his oprichnina. At that time, there was a timber fort and a residence of local bishops.

Tsar Feodor I made a grant of Shenkursk to his brother-in-law, Boris Godunov, who bequeathed it to his future son-in-law, Johan of Schleswig-Holstein, who died shortly after arriving to Russia. The Romanovs presented the area to Prince Dmitry Troubetskoy as his votchina. Upon his death, the town was returned to the crown. In 1640–1643, the Tsar ordered a new fortress to be built in Shenkursk. Catherine the Great chartered Shenkursk in 1780, and Shenkursk became the seat of the newly established Shenkursky Uyezd in Vologda Viceroyalty (from 1796, in Arkhangelsk Governorate).[5]

Shenkursk played a prominent role in the Russian Civil War. In the autumn of 1918, about six thousand British and American troops advanced south of Shenkursk. On January 19–25, the Bolshevik troops staged a counteroffensive, known as the Battle of Shenkursk. Three thousand troops, split into three armies, advancing from three sides, cut Shenkursk off and moved the front area 90 kilometers (56 mi) north of Shenkursk.[8]

Shenkursky Uyezd remained in Arkhangelsk Governorate until 1929, when several governorates were merged into Northern Krai and redistricted. In 1936, the krai was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Shenkursk serves as the administrative center of Shenkursky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Shenkursky District as the town of district significance of Shenkursk.[1] As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Shenkursk is incorporated within Shenkursky Municipal District as Shenkurskoye Urban Settlement.[2]

Economy

Industry

There is timber industry and food industry, including milk production.[9]

Transportation

Shenkursk is located several kilometers east from the M8 Highway—one of the principal highways in Russia—connecting Moscow and Arkhangelsk; however, it lies on the other bank of the Vaga and is only connected with the highway by a ferry crossing. The roads on the right bank of the Vaga are of minor importance and unpaved.

The Vaga is navigable, but there is no passenger navigation.

Culture and recreation

The town contains twenty-one objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local importance.[10] Most of these are merchant houses built prior to 1917 and the remains of the former Holy Trinity Monastery.

Shenkursk hosts the Shenkursky District Museum.[11]

Notable people

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 11 258», в ред. изменения №259/2014 от 12 декабря 2014 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 11 258, as amended by the Amendment #259/2014 of December 12, 2014. ).
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Law #258-vneoch.-OZ
  3. 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  4. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  5. 1 2 3 4 Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 524. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
  6. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  7. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  8. ↑ Шенкурская операция 1919. Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
  9. ↑ Агропромышленный комплекс (in Russian). Шенкурский муниципальный район. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
  10. ↑ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  11. ↑ Шенкурский районный краеведческий музей (in Russian). Российская сеть культурного наследия. Retrieved June 8, 2011.

Sources

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