Shaoguan
Shaoguan[1] (Chinese: 韶关) is a prefecture-level city in northern Guangdong Province, China, bordering Hunan to the northwest and Jiangxi to the northeast. It is home to the mummified remains of the sixth Zen Buddhist patriarch Huineng. Its built-up or metro area made up of Zhenjiang and Wujiang urban districts was home to 688,229 inhabitants at the 2010 census, Qujiang district not being conurbated yet.[2]
History
Shaozhou was a prefecture under the Tang and Song.
In 1589, Matteo Ricci relocated his mission house – the first ever Jesuit mission in mainland China – to Shaoguan after a fallout with the authorities in Zhaoqing. He remained in Shaoguan for a few years, eventually benefiting from Shaoguan's location on the important north-south travel route to establish connections with traveling dignitaries that allowed him to move north, to Nanchang, Nanjing, and Beijing.[3]
During World War II the city, then called Kukong, was the capital of Guangdong Province.
In June 2009, Uyghurs and Han workers clashed at a toy factory in Shaoguan, which was followed by the Ürümqi riots in July.
Geography
Shaoguan is the northernmost prefecture-level city of Guangdong, bordering Chenzhou (Hunan) to the northwest and north, Ganzhou (Jiangxi) to the northeast, Heyuan to the east, Guangzhou and Huizhou to the south, and Qingyuan to the west. It spans latitude 23° 05'−25° 31' N and longitude 112° 50'−114° 45' E. It is situated at the southern end of the Nan Mountains (Nan Ling), which primarily run east-west here, and is marked by numerous erosion-created valleys; within its borders lies the 1,902 m (6,240 ft) Mount Shikeng (石坑崆), the highest point in the province. The city is located on the Jingguang Railway (Beijing−Guangzhou) about 221 kilometres (137 mi) north of the provincial capital of Guangzhou. Shaoguan is also readily accessible by road as it is adjacent to the G4 Beijing–Hong Kong–Macau Expressway as well as numerous other National Highways.
At Shaoguan, the Wu River from the northwest and the Zhen River from the northeast join up to create the North River (Bei Jiang) which flows south to Guangzhou. The downtown part of Shaoguan is located on a peninsula between the Wu and Zhen Rivers. The rivers are maintained at a constant level by a dam about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) downstream from the city. The city has about 20 kilometres (12 mi) of tree-lined riverside esplanades along the banks of the rivers. There are seven bridges crossing the three rivers.
Climate
Shaoguan has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with short, mild, damp winters, rainy springs, long, hot, and humid summers, and relatively sunny autumns. Due to the city's location far inland, winters are significantly cooler than in the rest of the province, with freezing rain possible in the nearby mountain passes in some years, and summer maxima are higher here, averaging 1.3 °C (2.3 °F) higher in July than in Guangzhou. Winter begins dry and relatively sunny but becomes progressively cloudier and damper. Spring is the cloudiest and wettest season, with the sun shining less than 30% of the time. The annual rainfall is around 1,580 mm (62 in), much of it delivered from April thru June. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 10.2 °C (50.4 °F) in January to 29.0 °C (84.2 °F) in July; the annual mean is 20.39 °C (68.7 °F). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 16% in March to 54% in July, the city receives 1,617 hours of bright sunshine annually.
| Climate data for Shaoguan (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.0 (82.4) |
30.6 (87.1) |
32.6 (90.7) |
34.2 (93.6) |
38.8 (101.8) |
39.3 (102.7) |
40.4 (104.7) |
42.0 (107.6) |
39.2 (102.6) |
36.7 (98.1) |
34.0 (93.2) |
30.6 (87.1) |
42 (107.6) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 15.0 (59) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.0 (66.2) |
24.5 (76.1) |
28.7 (83.7) |
31.7 (89.1) |
34.1 (93.4) |
33.8 (92.8) |
31.5 (88.7) |
27.8 (82) |
22.5 (72.5) |
17.9 (64.2) |
25.2 (77.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.2 (50.4) |
11.8 (53.2) |
15.1 (59.2) |
20.5 (68.9) |
24.4 (75.9) |
27.4 (81.3) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.6 (83.5) |
26.4 (79.5) |
22.4 (72.3) |
16.8 (62.2) |
12.1 (53.8) |
20.4 (68.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 7.1 (44.8) |
8.9 (48) |
12.4 (54.3) |
17.6 (63.7) |
21.5 (70.7) |
24.4 (75.9) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.1 (77.2) |
22.9 (73.2) |
18.5 (65.3) |
12.8 (55) |
8.1 (46.6) |
17.1 (62.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −4.3 (24.3) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
0.9 (33.6) |
5.4 (41.7) |
12.3 (54.1) |
14.6 (58.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
20.1 (68.2) |
13.8 (56.8) |
6.3 (43.3) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 66.0 (2.598) |
108.2 (4.26) |
175.2 (6.898) |
230.3 (9.067) |
253.2 (9.969) |
217.4 (8.559) |
158.0 (6.22) |
131.5 (5.177) |
93.1 (3.665) |
60.5 (2.382) |
44.9 (1.768) |
45.2 (1.78) |
1,583.5 (62.343) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 11.4 | 14.8 | 19.1 | 18.8 | 19.3 | 17.1 | 13.6 | 14.7 | 10.1 | 7.8 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 160.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 75 | 78 | 82 | 82 | 81 | 80 | 76 | 77 | 75 | 72 | 71 | 71 | 76.7 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 89.7 | 67.5 | 57.6 | 75.5 | 113.9 | 150.5 | 226.6 | 206.7 | 177.6 | 164.0 | 147.0 | 140.8 | 1,617.4 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 27 | 21 | 16 | 20 | 28 | 37 | 54 | 51 | 48 | 46 | 45 | 43 | 36.3 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
Shaoguan has direct jurisdiction over 3 districts, 2 county-level cities and 5 counties:
| Map | Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 census) |
Area (km2) |
Density (/km2) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhenjiang District | 浈江区 | Zhēnjiāng Qū | 393,521 | 572.11 | 688 | ||||||
| Wujiang District | 武江区 | Wǔjiāng Qū | 294,708 | 677.78 | 435 | ||||||
| Qujiang District | 曲江区 | Qǔjiāng Qū | 303,371 | 1,620.77 | 187 | ||||||
| Shixing County | 始兴县 | Shǐxīng Xiàn | 205,452 | 2,131.91 | 96 | ||||||
| Renhua County | 仁化县 | Rénhuà Xiàn | 200,354 | 2,223.22 | 99 | ||||||
| Wengyuan County | 翁源县 | Wēngyuán Xiàn | 331,120 | 2,174.87 | 152 | ||||||
| Xinfeng County | 新丰县 | Xīnfēng Xiàn | 206,091 | 1,967.39 | 105 | ||||||
| Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County | 乳源瑶族自治县 | Rǔyuán Yáozú Zìzhìxiàn | 177,471 | 2,299.01 | 77 | ||||||
| Lechang City | 乐昌市 | Lèchāng Shì | 397,779 | 2,419,28 | 164 | ||||||
| Nanxiong City | 南雄市 | Nánxióng Shì | 316,179 | 2,326,18 | 136 | ||||||
Tourism
The Fengcai Tower in the centre of Shaoguan was built in the Ming Dynasty. To the south of the tower, at the other end of a pedestrian shopping street, the Dajian Monastery was founded in 660.
Near Shaoguan is the town of Maba, home of relics and museum of the Maba Man, Chinese Neanderthals. Near Maba is Nanhua Temple, which was founded by Huineng, the Sixth Patriarch of Zen Buddhism. Shaoguan Iron and Steel is also located near Maba.
Danxia Mountain is located in Renhua County, Shaoguan.
Northwest of Shaoguan, at the town of Pingshi, a stretch of river known as the Nine Torrents and Eighteen Shoals is a popular place for white-water rafting.
Gallery
File:Shaoguan plane Feb 2016.jpg|Aerial view of Shaoguan city File:Shaoguanzhongxindao.JPG|Central Shaoguan File:Gdgv01.JPG|Guangdong Grand Canyon in Shaoguan
See also
References
- ↑ Alternative transliterations include Shiuchow (postal), Shiukwan (postal), Shaokwan, Shao-chow, Xaocheu (Willem Blaeu's maps) and Chau Chew (Johan Nieuhof's illustration)
- ↑ http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-guangdong-admin.php
- ↑ De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shaoguan. |
- http://www.shaoguan.gov.cn/ (Chinese)
- http://www.shaoguan.com.cn/ (Chinese)
- Shaoguan, China
