Secoviridae

Secoviridae
Virus classification
Group: Group IV ((+)ssRNA)
Order: Picornavirales
Family: Secoviridae
Genera

Subfamily: Comovirinae

Secoviridae is a family of viruses in the order Picornavirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are currently 73 species in this family, divided among 11 genera.[1][2]

Structure

Viruses in Secoviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=pseudo3 symmetry. The diameter is around 25-30 nm. Genomes are linear and segmented, bipartite, around 24-7kb in length.[1]

Genus Structure Symmetry Capsid Genomic Arrangement Genomic Segmentation
SequivirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-EnvelopedLinearMonopartite
SadwavirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-EnvelopedLinearSegmented
NepovirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-EnvelopedLinearSegmented
FabavirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-EnvelopedLinearSegmented
ComovirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-EnvelopedLinearSegmented
CheravirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-EnvelopedLinearSegmented
TorradovirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-EnvelopedLinearMonopartite
WaikavirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-EnvelopedLinearMonopartite

Life Cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are mechanical.[1]

Genus Host Details Tissue Tropism Entry Details Release Details Replication Site Assembly Site Transmission
SequivirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: aphids; Mechanical inoculation: Cavariella aegopodii; Mechanical inoculation: Cavariella pastinacae
SadwavirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmNematodes; mites; thrips
NepovirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmNematodes; mites; thrips
FabavirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: aphids
ComovirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: beetles
CheravirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmNematodes; mites; thrips
TorradovirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmUnknown
WaikavirusGramineaePhloem; phloem parenchyma; bundle sheathViral movementViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical innocuation: aphids; mechanical innocuation: leafhoppers

Taxonomy

Group: ssRNA(+)

[2]

Evolution

The subfamily Comovirinae evolved ~1,000 years ago with extant species diversifying between 50 and 250 years ago.[3] This time period coincides with the intensification of agricultural practices in industrial societies.

The mutation rate has been estimated to be 9.29×10−3 to 2.74×10−3 subs/site/year.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  2. 1 2 ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  3. ↑ Thompson JR, Kamath N, Perry KL (2014) An evolutionary analysis of the secoviridae family of viruses.PLoS One 9(9):e106305. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106305
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