Sangkhalok ceramic ware

Sangkhalok (Thai: สังคโลก: S̄ạngkh lok) ceramic wares is a high quality coating ceramic wear that is decorated with traditional beauty motif and burned at 1,150-1,280 °C, made into pottery, jar, teapot, spoon, and ceramic doll. The technique of manufacturing and burning is derived since the beginning of Sukhothai period (1238-1351) through the end of Si Ayutthaya kingdom (1351 – 1767) according to evidence of ancient kiln that appear around Si Satchanalai District in Phranakhon Sukhothai province, Thailand.^[1]

History

The determination of the age of Sangkhalok ware from evidence found from the Sangkhalok ware with a green ceramic ware of China in the Yuan Dynasty vessel that sank beneath the gulf of Thailand with the title Rāng kewīyn. Set its origin of the early 19th century and compare chinaware and pottery of Chinese Ming Dynasty found in the Philippines. The Sangkhalok ware set to last between 18-19 th century, the production of Sangkhalok ware from the Sukhothai period. But has been promoting the product and expanding mass production in the Ayutthaya kingdom period. Sangkhalok ware production declined since the 23th century. The key reason is that the marketplace is changing need of Sangkhalok ware, the Chinese returned to manufacture porcelain blue – white, which became a popular trade and Ayutthaya can’t produce as to the demands of Westerners who have a political role in the region.^[2][3]

The meaning

The word Sangkhalok is assumed from different source. Some of that comes from the word "ŝxng kolk" means stove envelope. Some say those come from the word "Koro Sun Kung" or "Sung koro ku" in Japanese, which might came from the word “Sawankhalok”. That was a popular name in city of Si satchanalai in Thai history. The original meaning limited in area of Si satchanalai and the relationship city like Ayuthaya referent from founding many stove manufacturers in this area. However furnace manufacturers in northern Thailand has produced many of the category called Sangkhalok as well.^[4]

Feature

The pottery is made in very fine ceramic and glazed signature Kai Ka color (green olive), and a grain ivory stripes. The evolution of coated green exquisite pottery making has named Green as "Celadon" which painted a different color, such as green olives.^[5]

Category

The pattern of Sangkhalok ware is divided into many different types due many techniques of manufacturing, such as;^[6]

• The high strength unglazed ceramic ware, decorated with motif by pressure print a molding technique and attach to a pottery before burn, may be the first invented technique and decent to the period after.
• The dark brown glazed pottery, the characteristic and color similar to pottery from Lopburi in brown glazed types
• The white glazed pottery with beautiful draw motif under the glaze in brown, similar to Chinese’s Shu Jol pottery
• The white glazed pottery with beautiful draw motif above the glaze in golden brown
• The strong unglazed pottery half stone ware dip in mud water then draw with red motif
• The green glazed pottery or the Celadon, decorated by draw chamfer into the surface then glaze and bure

Manufacturing

Location

The manufacturing places are usually found located in Si Satchanalai district in Sukhothai province, in the ancient time the area was once called Si Satchanalai kiln area as an evidence of ancient kilns were found scattered through the area^[7][8]

Material

The main material for manufacturing the Sangkhalok ware mostly is clay and mud from the local area around the kiln area which is sediment from river

Molding

The process to crating shape the primary shape of the pottery is usually done by high-skill craftsman which possesses a long time of training experience. the primary tool of this kind of pottery-maker is bare hand for curving any desire shape. the create shape method popular among the current craftsman is to doing on molding on a spinning wheel, as it keep spinning it can possesses perfect symmetrical. For an easier molding, the craftsman always use water assist, to keep the work wet for soften the mud and to obtain a smooth surface. another tool for assist molding is cutting wire and trowel.^[9]

Coloring

Motifs that appear in Sangkhalok ware are specific pattern. for dishes and bowl usually are fish, flower, wheel, especial the fish assumed that a Black sharkminnow. the hand drawing style is very distinguished and identical to local culture artist style. The coloring usually is achieved by dipping in or blushing with color made of powder that when burned at a particular temperature will set the desired color.

Burning

the burning process to harden the structure and create color on the piece of work will do in air-assist method in a kiln call Tu-raeng (Thai: ทุเรียง)^[10] that the piece of work will be arrange in oval and burn in temperature at 1150-1280 °C which need to be precise that it will effectively indicate the outcome of the shape-perfects and color.

References

1. ↑ "เครื่องสังคโลก". www.info.ru.ac.th. Retrieved 2015-11-13. 
2. ↑ "ASEAN World Heritage: Sangkhalok Kiln, Si Satchanalai Historical Park". ASEAN World Heritage. Retrieved 2015-12-09. 
3. ↑ "Thai Antiques : History of Sawankhalok (Sukhothai) Ceramics. Thai Celadon.". www.thaiwebsites.com. Retrieved 2015-12-09. 
4. ↑ "ประติมากรรม เครื่องสังคโลก". www.info.ru.ac.th. Retrieved 2015-12-09. 
5. ↑ "เครื่องสังคโลก". www.info.ru.ac.th. Retrieved 2015-12-09. 
6. ↑ ""เครื่องสังคโลก" ของดีเมือง "สุโขทัย"". www.stou.ac.th. Retrieved 2015-12-09. 
7. ↑ "ประติมากรรม 3". www.info.ru.ac.th. Retrieved 2015-11-13. 
8. ↑ "เตาทุเรียง เตาสังคโลก บ้านเกาะน้อย | อำเภอศรีสัชนาลัย". sisatchanalai.com. Retrieved 2015-12-09. 
9. ↑ "วิธีการทำเครื่องสังคโลก". pbn3.go.th. Retrieved 2015-12-09. 
10. ↑ "เตาทุเรียง เตาสังคโลก บ้านเกาะน้อย | อำเภอศรีสัชนาลัย". sisatchanalai.com. Retrieved 2015-12-09.