Ropalidia

Ropalidia
Ropalidia sp
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Vespidae
Subfamily: Polistinae
Tribe: Ropalidiini
Genus: Ropalidia
Guérin-Méneville 1831
Species

approx. 200 species

Ropalidia is a large genus of eusocial paper wasps in the tribe distributed throughout the Afrotropical, Indomalayan and Australasian biogeographical regions. The genus Ropalidia is unique because it contains both independent and swarm-founding species.[1] Ropalidia romandi is one of the swarm founding species, meaning that new nests are founded by a large group of workers with a smaller number of inseminated females (egg-laying queens),[2] while Ropalidia revolutionalis is independent-founding, meaning that each nest is founded by a single queen.[3]

Ropalidia contains the following species:

  • Ropalidia aethiopica (Buysson, 1906)
  • Ropalidia albobalteata (Cameron 1906)
  • Ropalidia anarchia (Saussure, 1853)
  • Ropalidia andamanensis Das & Gupta, 1989
  • Ropalidia antennata (Saussure, 1890)
  • Ropalidia aristocratica (Saussure, 1853)
  • Ropalidia artifex (Saussure, 1853)
  • Ropalidia atra (Saussure, 1890)
  • Ropalidia australis (Saussure, 1854)
  • Ropalidia bambusae Richards, 1978
  • Ropalidia bensoni Richards, 1978
  • Ropalidia bicincta (Saussure, 1890)
  • Ropalidia bicolor (Smith, 1865)
  • Ropalidia bicolorata Vecht, 1962
  • Ropalidia bidens Vecht, 1996
  • Ropalidia binghami Vecht, 1941
  • Ropalidia bipartita Vecht, 1962
  • Ropalidia bispinosa (Meade-Waldo)
  • Ropalidia brazzai (Buysson 1906)
  • Ropalidia brevita Das & Gupta, 1989
  • Ropalidia brunnea (Smith 1859)
  • Ropalidia canaria Cheesm., 1952
  • Ropalidia capensis (Saussure, 1862)
  • Ropalidia carinata (Saussure, 1890)
  • Ropalidia catharinae (Cameron, 1913)
  • Ropalidia celebensis Vecht, 1941
  • Ropalidia cincta (Lepeletier, 1836)
  • Ropalidia clavata (Saussure, 1853)
  • Ropalidia clypeata Kojima 1996
  • Ropalidia colorata Vecht, 1941
  • Ropalidia conservator (Smith, 1860)
  • Ropalidia conspicua Smith, 1863
  • Ropalidia constitutionalis (Saussure, 1853)
  • Ropalidia copiaria (Saussure, 1862)
  • Ropalidia crassa Vecht, 1941
  • Ropalidia crassipunctata Giordani Soika, 1981
  • Ropalidia cristata Kojima, 1989
  • Ropalidia curvilineata (Cameron 1908)
  • Ropalidia cyathiformis (Fabricius, 1804)
  • Ropalidia darwini Richards, 1978
  • Ropalidia deceptor (Smith, 1863)
  • Ropalidia decorata (Smith 1858)
  • Ropalidia deminutiva Cheesm., 1952
  • Ropalidia democratica (Saussure, 1853)
  • Ropalidia dichroma Vecht, 1941
  • Ropalidia dispila (Cameron 1913)
  • Ropalidia distigma (Gerst., 1857)
  • Ropalidia dubia (Saussure, 1853)
  • Ropalidia ducalis (Saussure, 1900)
  • Ropalidia duchaussoyi (Gribodo, 1896)
  • Ropalidia eboraca Richards, 1978
  • Ropalidia elegantula Richards, 1978
  • Ropalidia erythrospila (Cameron, 1908)
  • Ropalidia eurostoma Richards 1978
  • Ropalidia excavata Giordani Soika, 1977
  • Ropalidia extrema Vecht, 1962
  • Ropalidia fasciata (Fabricius 1804)
  • Ropalidia festina (Smith, 1864)
  • Ropalidia flavobrunnea Vecht, 1962
  • Ropalidia flavopicta (Smith, 1857)
  • Ropalidia fluviatilis (Meade-Waldo, 1912)
  • Ropalidia formosa (Saussure, 1854)
  • Ropalidia fraterna (Saussure, 1900)
  • Ropalidia fulvopruinosa (Cameron, 1906)
  • Ropalidia galimatia (Saussure, 1853)
  • Ropalidia gemmea Cheesm., 1952
  • Ropalidia gracilenta Richards, 1978
  • Ropalidia gracilis (Smith, 1859)
  • Ropalidia grandidieri (Saussure, 1890)
  • Ropalidia granulata Vecht, 1941
  • Ropalidia gregaria (Saussure, 1854)
  • Ropalidia guttatipennis (Saussure, 1853)
  • Ropalidia hirsuta Richards 1978
  • Ropalidia hongkongensis (Saussure, 1854)
  • Ropalidia horni Sonan, 1938
  • Ropalidia impetuosa (Smith, 1861)
  • Ropalidia incurva Cheesm., 1952
  • Ropalidia inquieta Cheesm., 1952
  • Ropalidia interjecta (Saussure, 1900)
  • Ropalidia interrupta Vecht, 1941
  • Ropalidia irrequieta (Kohl, 1906)
  • Ropalidia irritata (Smith, 1864)
  • Ropalidia jacobsoni (Buysson, 1908)
  • Ropalidia jaculator (Smith 1871)
  • Ropalidia javanica Vecht, 1962
  • Ropalidia kurandae Richards, 1978
  • Ropalidia latebalteata (Cameron, 1902)
  • Ropalidia latetergum Richards, 1978
  • Ropalidia laticincta Vecht, 1962
  • Ropalidia lefebvrei Guill., 1841
  • Ropalidia leopoldi Bequard, 1932
  • Ropalidia lepida Vecht, 1962
  • Ropalidia longipetiolata (Cameron, 1911)
  • Ropalidia loriana (Buysson, 1910)
  • Ropalidia lugubris (Smith, 1858)
  • Ropalidia luzonensis Kojima, 1996
  • Ropalidia mackayensis Richards, 1978
  • Ropalidia maculata (Rad., 1881)
  • Ropalidia maculiventris Guerin, 1831
  • Ropalidia magnanima Vecht, 1941
  • Ropalidia malaisei Vecht, 1962
  • Ropalidia malayana (Cameron 1903)
  • Ropalidia marginata (Lepeletier, 1836)
  • Ropalidia mathematica (Smith, 1861)
  • Ropalidia melania Richards, 1978
  • Ropalidia mimikae (Meade-Waldo, 1912)
  • Ropalidia minor Saussure, 1900
  • Ropalidia modesta (Smith, 1858)
  • Ropalidia montana Carl 1934
  • Ropalidia mutabilis Richards, 1978
  • Ropalidia myosolica (Dalla Torre)
  • Ropalidia nigerrima Vecht, 1962
  • Ropalidia nigra (Smith 1859)
  • Ropalidia nigrescens Vecht, 1962
  • Ropalidia nigrior Richards, 1978
  • Ropalidia nigrita Das & Gupta, 1989
  • Ropalidia nigrofemorata (Cameron, 1910)
  • Ropalidia nilssoni Giordani Soika, 1991
  • Ropalidia nitidula (Saussure, 1890)
  • Ropalidia nobilis (Gerst., 1857)
  • Ropalidia novaeguinaea (Schulthess, 1913)
  • Ropalidia novissima Giordani Soika, 1944
  • Ropalidia nursei Vecht, 1941
  • Ropalidia obscura Gusenleitner, 1966
  • Ropalidia obscurior Giordani Soika, 1991
  • Ropalidia ochracea Vecht, 1962
  • Ropalidia opifex Vecht, 1962
  • Ropalidia opulenta (Smith, 1857)
  • Ropalidia ornaticeps (Cameron, 1900)
  • Ropalidia palawana Kojima, 1985
  • Ropalidia papuana (Cameron)
  • Ropalidia pendula (Smith, 1857)
  • Ropalidia petulans Cheesm., 1952
  • Ropalidia phalansterica (Saussure, 1853)
  • Ropalidia philippinensis (Saussure, 1854)
  • Ropalidia pilosa (Smith, 1859)
  • Ropalidia plebeja (Saussure 1862)
  • Ropalidia plebeiana Richards, 1978
  • Ropalidia politica (Saussure, 1854)
  • Ropalidia prasina (Saussure, 1900)
  • Ropalidia principalis Kojima, 2001
  • Ropalidia proletaria Richards 1978
  • Ropalidia pseudomalayana Kojima, 1996
  • Ropalidia pulchella (Saussure, 1900)
  • Ropalidia ranavali (Saussure, 1890)
  • Ropalidia reactionalis (Saussure, 1854)
  • Ropalidia regina (Saussure, 1900)
  • Ropalidia revolutionalis (Saussure, 1854)
    •
  • Ropalidia romandi (Guill., 1841)
  • Ropalidia rufocollaris (Cameron, 1900)
  • Ropalidia rufoplagiata (Cameron 1905)
  • Ropalidia sakalava (Saussure, 1900)
  • Ropalidia santoshae Das & Gupta, 1989
  • Ropalidia saussurei Kojima, 1998
  • Ropalidia schulthessi (Saussure, 1890)
  • Ropalidia scitula (Bingham, 1897)
  • Ropalidia scottiana (Saussure, 1890)
  • Ropalidia sculpturata Gusenleitner, 2001
  • Ropalidia semihyalineata (Meade-Waldo, 1912)
  • Ropalidia sericea Cameron, 1905
  • Ropalidia sexmaculata (Cameron)
  • Ropalidia shestakowi Schulthess, 1931
  • Ropalidia socialis (Saussure, 1862)
  • Ropalidia socialistica (Saussure, 1854)
  • Ropalidia spatulata Vecht, 1962
  • Ropalidia spilostoma (Cameron, 1906)
    •
  • Ropalidia stigma (Smith, 1858)
  • Ropalidia subclavata (Saussure, 1890)
  • Ropalidia sumatrae (Weber, 1801)
  • Ropalidia taiwana Sonan 1935
  • Ropalidia thailandia Gusenleitner 1994
  • Ropalidia timida Vecht, 1962
  • Ropalidia tomentosa (Gerst., 1857)
  • Ropalidia trichophthalma Richards, 1978
  • Ropalidia trimaculata Vecht, 1962
  • Ropalidia turneri Richards, 1978
  • Ropalidia unicolor (Smith, 1859)
  • Ropalidia unidentata Giordani Soika, 1981
  • Ropalidia variabilis (Saussure, 1890)
  • Ropalidia variegata (Smith, 1852)
  • Ropalidia velutina (Saussure, 1890)
  • Ropalidia venustula (Saussure, 1900)
  • Ropalidia vietnama Gusenleitner, 1996
  • Ropalidia vitripennis (Saussure, 1890)
  • Ropalidia wollastoni (Meade-Waldo, 1912)
  • Ropalidia zonata (Cameron)

References

  1. ↑ Yamane, Soichi; Ito, Yosiaki (1994). "Nest Architecture of the Australian Paper Wasp Ropalidia Romandi Cabeti , With a Note on its Developmental Process (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)". Psyche. 101 (3-4): 145–158. doi:10.1155/1994/92839.
  2. ↑ Hunt, James H. (2007). The Evolution of Social Wasps. Oxford University Press. pp. 57–60.
  3. ↑ Yosiaki, Itô (1987). "Social behaviour of the australian paper wasp,Ropalidia revolutionalis (de Saussure) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)". Journal of Ethology. 5: 115–124. doi:10.1007/bf02349943.
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