Rick Snyder

For other people named Rick Snyder, see Richard Snyder.
Rick Snyder
48th Governor of Michigan
Assumed office
January 1, 2011
Lieutenant Brian Calley
Preceded by Jennifer Granholm
Personal details
Born Richard Dale Snyder
(1958-08-19) August 19, 1958
Battle Creek, Michigan, US
Political party Republican
Spouse(s) Sue Snyder
Children Jeff
Melissa
Kelsey
Alma mater University of Michigan
(BGS, MBA, JD)
Religion Presbyterianism
Signature
Website Government website

Richard Dale "Rick" Snyder[1] (born August 19, 1958) is an American politician, business executive, venture capitalist, and accountant. He is the 48th and current Governor of Michigan. A member of the Republican Party, he assumed office as governor on January 1, 2011. From 2005 to 2007, Snyder served as the chairman of the board of Gateway, Inc., based in Irvine, California. Prior to his election as governor, he was chairman of the board, chief executive officer, and co-founder of Ardesta LLC, a venture capital firm based out of Ann Arbor, Michigan.[2]

Snyder was considered as a possible Republican Party candidate for Vice President of the United States in 2012, although ultimately Paul Ryan was selected.[3][4][5][6]

On February 3, 2014, Snyder announced his candidacy for re-election as Governor of Michigan in 2014. He was elected to a second term in the November 2014 vote, defeating his major challenger, Democrat Mark Schauer.[7]

Early life, education, and family

Snyder was born to Dale F. and Helen Louella Snyder in Battle Creek, Michigan, where he was raised. His father owned a small, local window-cleaning company in Battle Creek. He has an elder sister.[8] When he was 16, he took a business class at Kellogg Community College on weekends. By his senior year at Lakeview High School in Calhoun County, Snyder had earned 23 college credits.[9]

Snyder visited the admissions office of the University of Michigan in November 1975 and spoke with the admissions director, who recommended that Snyder attend Michigan and create his own degree.[10] Snyder earned his B.G.S. degree in 1977, an M.B.A. degree in 1979, and a J.D. degree in 1982, all from the University of Michigan.[11][12] Snyder is also a Certified Public Accountant (CPA).[13]

He resides in Ann Arbor, Michigan with his wife Sue and their three children and has a vacation home near Gun Lake.[14] The couple were married in 1987 at Cherry Hill Presbyterian Church in Dearborn, Michigan.[15] Snyder has indicated he is a practicing Presbyterian.[15]

Michigan Governor Rick Snyder with First Lady Sue Snyder, at Ford Field in Detroit, January 18, 2013

Business career

Snyder was employed with Coopers & Lybrand, from 1982 to 1991, beginning in the tax department of the Detroit office. Snyder was named partner in 1988. The next year, Snyder was named partner-in-charge of the mergers and acquisitions practice in the Chicago office.[16] He served as an adjunct assistant professor of accounting at the University of Michigan from 1982–84. [17]

Snyder joined the computer company Gateway (based in Irvine, California) in 1991 as the executive vice president. He served as president and chief operating officer from 1996 to 1997. He remained on the board of directors until 2007.[18] From 2005 to 2007, Snyder served as the chairman of the board. During 2006, Snyder served as interim chief executive officer while a search for a permanent replacement was made. His tenure on the Gateway board ran from 1991 to 2007 until Gateway was sold to Acer Inc. Snyder stated that he did not vote for outsourcing while he was a Gateway board director and he worked to bring jobs to America as the interim CEO of Gateway.[19]

In 1997, Snyder returned to Ann Arbor to found Avalon Investments Inc., a venture capital company with a $100 million fund, along with the co-founder of Gateway, Ted Waitt. Snyder was president and chief executive officer of Avalon from 1997 to 2000. He then co-founded Ardesta LLC, an investment firm, in 2000 along with three co-founders, which invested in 20 start-up companies through 2011. He was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the company. HealthMedia, a company he founded with University of Michigan faculty member Victor J. Strecher in 1998, was sold in 2008 for a reported $200 million to Johnson & Johnson.

Snyder serves on the boards of the Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village (a National Historic Landmark), the Michigan chapter of the Nature Conservancy, and several boards associated with his alma mater the University of Michigan. He was also first chair of the Michigan Economic Development Corporation in 1999 under Republican Governor John Engler and was also the Chair of Ann Arbor SPARK.

Gubernatorial elections

2010

Snyder in 2009

Snyder decided to run for Governor of Michigan. He joined Oakland County Sheriff Mike Bouchard, state Senator Tom George, United States Congressman Peter Hoekstra, and Michigan Attorney General Mike Cox as candidates for the Republican gubernatorial nomination. Bill Ford Jr., Chairman of the Ford Motor Company, endorsed Snyder for the Republican nomination for governor.[20][21] In his first gubernatorial election in 2010, Snyder campaigned as "pro-life, pro-Second Amendment, [and] pro-family," with a focus on the economy.[12] His campaign emphasized his experience in growing business and creating jobs in the private sector, saying that his opponents were mainly career politicians. Snyder favors the standard exceptions on abortion for rape, incest, and saving the life of the mother (he signed legislation banning partial birth abortion in October 2011); he opposes federal funding of abortions; he would not ban embryonic stem cell research; he supports upholding traditional marriage, but would allow civil unions.[22][23]

On August 3, 2010, Snyder won the primary to secure the Republican nomination with a plurality of 36% of the vote. In the general election on November 2, 2010, Snyder faced Democratic gubernatorial nominee Virg Bernero, the mayor of Lansing, and three minor party candidates. In October 2010, Snyder's campaign total exceeded $11.6 million, outpacing his opponent.[24] Snyder released his tax returns for 2007 and 2008.[25] Snyder won with 58 percent of the vote.[26]

With Snyder's election in 2010, Republicans gained a majority in the Michigan House and increased the Republican majority held in the Michigan Senate. Snyder is the first Certified Public Accountant (CPA) to be elected governor of the state and the only CPA serving as a governor in the United States.[27]

2014

On January 30, 2014, Snyder launched his campaign for a second term as governor.[28][29] He was unopposed in the Republican primary and faced Democratic former United States Representative Mark Schauer for the general election.[30]

Snyder was considered vulnerable in his bid for a second term, as reflected in his low approval ratings,[31][32][33][34] however, Schauer suffered from a lack of name recognition.[35][36]

He garnered approximately 51% of the vote in the November 2014 election, defeating Schauer and earning a second term.[7]

Governor of Michigan

Governor Snyder takes the oath from Michigan Supreme Court Chief Justice Marilyn Kelly
Snyder (far right) with (from left to right) United States Deputy Secretary of State Thomas R. Nides, United States Ambassador to Canada David Jacobson, Canadian Minister of State for Science and Technology Gary Goodyear, Governor General of Canada David Johnston, and Canada 2020 Chair Don Newman at the US-Canada Partnership: Enhancing the Innovation Ecosystem conference at the Château Laurier in Ottawa, Ontario, November 2, 2011.

Snyder was inaugurated as Governor on January 1, 2011, at the Capitol in Lansing. His first executive order as governor was to divide the Department of Natural Resources and Environment into two distinct departments as they were a few years ago: the Department of Natural Resources and the Department of Environmental Quality.[37][38]

On January 7, 2011, Snyder announced he was appointing Michigan Supreme Court Justice Maura D. Corrigan to head the Department of Human Services and appointed Michigan Appeals Court Judge Brian K. Zahra to fill the resulting Supreme Court vacancy. Snyder delivered his first State of the State address on January 19, the earliest Michigan State of the State since Governor John Engler's 1996 address on January 17. He endorsed the Detroit River International Crossing for the first time publicly in the address, which was received favorably by Republicans.[39] Snyder appointed Andy Dillon, a pro-life Democrat,[40] and formerly Speaker of the House, to serve as State Treasurer in his administration.

Snyder presented his first budget to the legislature on February 17, 2011,[41] calling it a plan for "Michigan's reinvention," and saying it would end Michigan's deficits. He described the budget as containing "shared sacrifice" but added that his budget plan would create jobs and spur economic growth. The $46 billion budget reduced $1.8 billion in spending, raised taxes by eliminating tax exemptions on pensions, while at the same time abolished the state's complex business tax, replacing it with a significantly reduced flat tax on the profits of C corporations. This shift in tax burden led State Senate Minority Leader Gretchen Whitmer to criticize the budget, saying that it did not involve "shared sacrifice," but instead was balanced "on the backs of our kids, working families, and our seniors" and "picks out who he’s willing to leave behind."[42] Snyder supported the government backed rescue of the American auto industry. This reflected the view of a 56% of Americans in 2012 who supported the 2009 auto bailout according to a Pew Research Center poll (63% support in Michigan).[43]

On March 16, 2011, Snyder signed a controversial bill into law that gave increased powers to emergency managers of local municipalities to resolve financial matters.[44] The bill was repealed by voter initiative in November 2012. However, weeks later in December 2012 Snyder signed a revised version of the bill back into law.[45]

On December 22, 2011, Snyder signed into law The Public Employee Domestic Partner Benefit Restriction Act, which prevents the same-sex domestic partners of public employees at both the state and local level from receiving health benefits. In January 2012, the ACLU filed a lawsuit against Snyder and the state of Michigan in federal court on behalf of five Michigan same-sex couples, each with one spouse working for local public schools or municipalities in Michigan. The suit alleges that the law violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution.[46][47] On June 28, 2013, a federal judge struck down the law.[48]

In April 2012, Snyder made a surprise trip to Afghanistan to thank and pledge support for United States troops. He traveled to Kuwait and then to Germany where he visited injured United States soldiers at the United States Military hospital.[49] He has also engaged in trade missions to Europe, Asia, and around the world in order to improve international business relations as well as research and development opportunities associated with Michigan universities.[50] Snyder has focused efforts to attract companies such as Chrysler.[51]

Following approval from the legislature, Snyder signed the fiscal year 2012 budget in June, the earliest it has been completed in three decades.[52] In May 2012, Snyder joined a bipartisan effort urging the U.S. Congress to pass a measure to affirm that States can collect sales taxes on online purchases.[53][54]

As Governor, Snyder abolished the state's complex business tax in favor of a flat tax, and signed a bill which raised taxes by eliminating tax exemptions for pensions. For years Snyder had said anti-union legislation was not on his agenda, when on the morning of December 6, 2012, during a lame duck session of the Republican-controlled Michigan legislature, Snyder called a joint press conference with the legislative leadership to announce fast-track right-to-work legislation. The legislation passed both houses of the Michigan legislature that day, without committee votes or public hearings. A $1 million appropriation added to the legislation made it ineligible for repeal via referendum.[55] On December 10, President Barack Obama visited Daimler AG's Detroit Diesel factory in Redford, Michigan, and told employees the legislation was about the "right to work for less money."[56] The law effectively provides that payment of union dues cannot be required as a condition of employment.[57] After a required four-day wait between the houses of the legislature passing each other's bills,[58] Snyder signed the legislation into law on December 11, 2012, making Michigan the 24th right-to-work state in the United States as part of a plan to attract business and jobs to the state.[59][60][61] The Employee Free Choice Act, as it was named, has received mixed results in polls.[62]

A Market Research Group poll conducted in March 2012 showed Snyder's approval rating rising to 50% among likely voters, which matched that of President Barack Obama, placing Snyder among the most popular Republican governors in a state carried by Obama in the 2008 election cycle.[63] Snyder was briefly mentioned as a possible pick to be the Republican Party candidate for Vice President of the United States in 2012.[3][4][64] His business executive background and 'positive' style have been cited as political assets, with his deeds seen as strengthening the case for electing a business executive candidate as President of the United States.[65][66][67] He was also mentioned as a potential Republican Party candidate for President of the United States in 2016.[68][69][70][71]

In December 2012, Snyder signed legislation requiring facilities where at least 120 abortions are performed annually to obtain a state license as freestanding surgical facilities.[72] Planned Parenthood had urged Snyder to veto the bill claiming it unnecessarily increases costs.[73]

In January 2013, Snyder traveled to Israel to meet with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. He was last in Israel in 1999 as a venture capitalist. “I had a chance to see the start of high-tech boom in Israel and that’s great to see. This is really a startup nation. They’ve done a great job of being entrepreneurial, innovative, and that’s a major part of their economy now and the good part is we can learn from that.”[74]

In March 2013, Snyder announced a financial emergency for the city of Detroit[75] and appointed an emergency manager, Kevyn Orr. As a result of emergency manager appointments under Snyder's watch, over half of the state's black population lives in cities where the local government was appointed rather than elected by the voters.[76]

On December 27, 2013, Snyder signed a bill into law which nullifies Section 1021 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012, which contains a controversial provision that allows the government and the military to indefinitely detain American citizens and others without trial.[77]

On January 23, 2014, Snyder announced plans to offer visas to 50,000 immigrant workers with advanced degrees to help jumpstart the Detroit economy. The program's advocates claim the program is expected to bring an influx of new jobs and a more stable tax base.[78]

On September 10, Detroit reached a deal with three Michigan counties over regional water and sewer services that could eliminate one roadblock to federal court approval of the city's plan to adjust its debt and exit bankruptcy. The deal with Oakland, Wayne and Macomb counties creates a regional water and sewer authority, but allows Detroit to maintain control of its local system. The deal was crucial to adjusting the city's $18 billion of debt and exit the biggest-ever municipal bankruptcy.[79]

On December 18, the Governor issued an executive order to establish the Michigan Department of Talent and Economic Development to house a new state agency, Talent Investment Agency, created from the merger of Michigan State Housing and Development Authority, the Workforce Development Agency, the Governor's Talent Investment Board and the Unemployment Insurance Agency. Over objections from the state legislature, the Department would come into effect 60 days after the start of the next legislative session.[80]

In November 2015, Governor Rick Snyder declared his opposition to permitting Syrian refugee relocation to the state of Michigan.[81]

Cabinet

Name Title(s)
Nick Lyon
Nick Khouri
Steve Arwood Director of the Department of Talent and Economic Development
CEO of the Michigan Economic Development Corporation
David Behen
Maj. Gen. Gregory J. Vadnais
Dan Wyant
Jamie Clover Adams Director of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD)
Kriste Etue Director of the Department of State Police
Mike Flanagan Superintendent of Public Instruction
Daniel Heyns Director of the Department of Corrections
Mike Zimmer Director of the Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs (LARA)
Matthew J. Wesaw Director of the Department of Civil Rights (DCR)
Kirk Steudle Director of the Department of Transportation (DOT)
Keith Creagh Director of the Department of Natural Resources (DNR)
Annette E. Flood Director of the Department of Insurance and Financial Services (DIFS)
Jeff Barnes Director of the Veterans Affairs Agency
Stephanie Comai Head of the Talent Investment Agency

Flint water crisis

Main article: Flint water crisis

From 2011 to 2015, Snyder appointed several individuals as Emergency Managers for Flint, Michigan. In 2014, emergency manager Darnell Earley was responsible for changing the source of drinking water for the city to the Flint River, which has trihalomethanes (TTHM) in it.[82] It was later discovered that the water was too corrosive, and leached lead out of the service lines that was then ingested by the people of the city.[83][84] In September 2015, a study by the Hurley Medical Center found that the community's children were being poisoned by the lead.[85] While Flint transitioned back to its prior source of water in October 2015,[86] lead levels in the city's water remain above the federal action level.[87][88]

Amid allegations that the Michigan Health Department was stalling water treatment expert Marc Edwards' effort to obtain public records, journalists have asked when the State of Michigan knew about the lead poisoning.[89] Details were released by the Detroit Free Press and The Detroit News on 26 February 2016 that Valerie Brader, Snyder's senior policy adviser and deputy legal counsel, and his chief legal counsel Mike Gadola had expressed concerns to him about Flint's water in October 2014, nearly six months after Flint had begun using the river water to save money, despite Governor Snyder claiming he was unaware of the issue until very recently.[90]

A petition from Angelo Scott Brown, a Flint pastor and former Democratic Party gubernatorial candidate, to recall Snyder was denied by the Board of State Canvassers.[91][92] Filmmaker and Flint native Michael Moore has called for Snyder's arrest on charges of corruption and assault, and has started a petition on his website.[93][94]

On November 13, 2015, four families filed a federal class action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan in Detroit against Snyder and thirteen other city and state officials, including former Flint Mayor Dayne Walling and ex-emergency financial manager Darnell Earley. The complaint alleges that the officials acted recklessly and negligently, leading to serious injuries from lead poisoning, including autoimmune disorders, skin lesions, and "brain fog."[95][96][97]

On December 15, 2015, Mayor Weaver declared the water issue as a citywide public health state of emergency to prompt help from state and federal officials.[98] Snyder apologized for the incident.[99][100] Snyder declared a State of Emergency on January 5, 2016 for Genesee County, Michigan.

On January 16, 2016, Snyder requested that the federal government declare a state of emergency in Flint.[101]

In mid-April 2016, Snyder initiated his own 30-Day Flint Challenge. "The plan was to drink solely Flint tap water for an entire month to show residents that the water was safe and that he cared about the people."[102] However, the Detroit Metro Times reported that the governor left town on April 23 to spend the week touring Europe for trade discussions, breaking his promise.

As of August 2016, Snyder's approval rating is below 40 percent.[103]

Electoral history

Michigan gubernatorial election, 2014[104]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Republican Rick Snyder (incumbent) 1,607,399 50.92% -7.19%
Democratic Mark Schauer 1,479,057 46.86% +6.96%
Libertarian Mary Buzuma 35,723 1.13% +0.44%
Taxpayers Mark McFarlin 19,368 0.61% -0.04%
Green Paul Homeniuk 14,934 0.47% -0.17%
Write-ins 50 0.00% 0.00%
Majority 128,342 4.06% -14.15%
Turnout 3,156,531 -2.16%
Republican hold Swing
Michigan gubernatorial election, 2010[105]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Republican Rick Snyder 1,874,834 58.11% +15.81%
Democratic Virg Bernero 1,287,320 39.90% -16.46%
Libertarian Ken Proctor 22,390 0.69% +0.08%
Constitution Stacey Mathia 20,818 0.65% +0.46%
Green Harley Mikkelson 20,699 0.64% +0.12%
Majority 587,514 18.21% +4.15%
Turnout 3,226,088
Republican gain from Democratic Swing
Republican Primary – 2010 Michigan gubernatorial election[106]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Rick Snyder 381,327 36.4
Republican Pete Hoekstra 280,976 26.8
Republican Mike Cox 240,409 23.0
Republican Mike Bouchard 127,350 12.2
Republican Tom George 16,986 1.6
Total votes 1,044,925 100

See also

References

  1. ↑ Luke, Peter (January 1, 2011). "Gov. Rick Snyder celebrates taking office with 'clean slate' at Inauguration". Mlive.com. Retrieved March 20, 2011.
  2. ↑ Christoff, Chris; Bell, Dawson; Dixon, Jennifer (November 2, 2010). "Snyder leads Republicans to sweep of Michigan's top 3 posts". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on November 8, 2010.
  3. 1 2 Bell, Dawson (May 4, 2012). "Rick Snyder for vice president?". Detroit Free Press.
  4. 1 2 "Experts: Snyder Good Choice For Vice President". WILX.com. May 4, 2012.
  5. ↑ "One Tough Veep? Snyder Won't Quash Romney Running Mate Rumors". detroit.cbslocal.com. Lansing: CBS Local Media. WWJ. May 3, 2012. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  6. ↑ Anders, Melissa (May 3, 2012)."Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder as Mitt Romney's vice presidential candidate?", MLive.com. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  7. 1 2 Egan, Paul (November 5, 2014). "Snyder defeats Schauer in election for governor". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  8. ↑ Drake, Bruce. "How Old Is Rick Snyder?". PoliticsDaily.com. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  9. ↑ McVicar, Brian (May 4, 2011). "Gov. Snyder's message to Muskegon Community College graduates: Optimism and positive action". The Muskegon Chronicle. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  10. ↑ "Michigan Governor Rick Snyder addresses University of Michigan Spring Commencement 2011". YouTube. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  11. ↑ "Governor Rick Snyder's biography at". Votesmart.org. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  12. 1 2 Bomey, Nathan (September 9, 2009). Ann Arbor venture capitalist Rick Snyder lands gubernatorial endorsements, AnnArbor.com. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  13. ↑ Tysiac, Ken (December 2012). "Snyder's Challenge: Reinvigorating Michigan". Journal of Accountancy. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. 214 (6): 22–25.
  14. ↑ Bauer, Julia (May 6, 2009). "Ex-Gateway Computers CEO Offers Advice to Entrepreneurs". MLive.com; The Grand Rapids Press. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  15. 1 2 Bomey, Nathan (July 4, 2010). "Rick Snyder: Nerd. Accountant. Computer executive. Investor. Governor?". AnnArbor.com. Archived from the original on February 9, 2012. Retrieved March 7, 2013.
  16. ↑ "Venture Capitalist Rick Snyder Exploring Governor's Race". Crain's Detroit Business. Associated Press. March 20, 2009. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  17. ↑ Akhtar, Allana (October 7, 2014). "Snyder keeps deep ties in Ann Arbor as election approaches". The Michigan Daily. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  18. ↑ "Gateway CEO Steps Down". InternetNews.com. February 9, 2006. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  19. ↑ "Rick Snyder Talks About Gateway Outsourcing and Bid for Governor". AnnArbor.com. February 20, 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  20. ↑ Bill Ford Jr. endorses Ann Arbor’s Rick Snyder for governor, AnnArbor.com, September 24, 2009.
  21. ↑ Bill Ford backs Rick Snyder for Michigan governor.Mlive.com September 24, 2009.
  22. ↑ "Rick Snyder". OntheIssues.org. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  23. ↑ Christoff, Chris (August 27, 2010). Poll: GOP's Snyder is winning over voters, Detroit Free Press. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  24. ↑ Rick Snyder tops Virg Bernero in fundraising in Michigan gubernatorial race, annarbor.com, October 22, 2010.
  25. ↑ "Gubernatorial hopeful Rick Snyder of Ann Arbor releases tax returns", Ann Arbor.com, July 17, 2010.
  26. ↑ "2010 Election Map". Politico.com. Retrieved November 6, 2011.
  27. ↑ "'Nerd' Governor Rick Snyder is rock star to fellow accountants", MLive.com, January 20, 2012. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  28. ↑ Oosting, Jonathan (January 30, 2014). It's official: Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder launching re-election campaign with statewide tour, MLive.com. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  29. ↑ Woods, Ashley (January 31, 2014)."Rick Snyder Launches Re-election Campaign For Michigan Governor Race". The Huffington Post. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  30. ↑ "2014 Official Michigan Primary Candidate Listing". Miboecfr.nictusa.com. July 31, 2014. Retrieved December 23, 2014.
  31. ↑ "Handicapping the 2013-2014 Governors Races: The Tossups". Governing. July 18, 2013. Retrieved December 23, 2014.
  32. ↑ "Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder raises $5M in 2013 for re-election bid". Daily Tribune. January 28, 2014. Retrieved December 23, 2014.
  33. ↑ "Which Governors Are Most Vulnerable in 2014?". Five Thirty Eight. April 8, 2013. Retrieved December 23, 2014.
  34. ↑ Woods, Ashley (November 8, 2013). "Michigan Governor Poll Shows Close Race Between Rick Snyder, Mark Schauer". The Huffington Post. Retrieved December 23, 2014.
  35. ↑ Oosting, Jonathan (December 10, 2013). "Poll: Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder, Democrat Mark Schauer in close race ahead of 2014". MLive Media Group. Retrieved December 23, 2014.
  36. ↑ Brian Dickerson (August 28, 2014). "Brian Dickerson: Can Schauer avoid the Tomb of the Unknown Front-Runner?". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved December 23, 2014.
  37. ↑ "Executive Reorganization Department of Natural Resources and Environment Creating the Department of Natural Resources and the Department of Environmental Quality" (PDF). Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  38. ↑ Christoff, Chris (January 4, 2011). "Snyder makes it official: DNR and DEQ split". Detroit Free Press. Lansing. Archived from the original on January 9, 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  39. ↑ Christoff, Chris (January 20, 2011). "Gov. Rick Snyder: 'Job 1 is jobs'". Detroit Free Press. Lansing. Archived from the original on January 24, 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  40. ↑ Berman, Laura (July 13, 2010). "Dillon's abortion position will matter". DetroitNews.com. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  41. ↑ "Governor Snyder unveils recommended budget to provide foundation for Michigan's reinvention". Michigan.gov (Press release). Governor's Office, State of Michigan. February 17, 2011. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  42. ↑ Bomey, Nathan (February 17, 2011). "Rick Snyder proposes significant elimination of business taxes, elimination of credits for film, high-tech industries". AnnArbor.com. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  43. ↑ Reeve, Elspeth (February 23, 2012). "Most Americans Now Think Auto Bailout Was a Good Idea". thewire.com. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  44. ↑ "State of Michigan Public Act 4". legislature.mi.gov. State of Michigan Legislature. March 16, 2011. Retrieved July 14, 2012.
  45. ↑ "New Emergency Manager Law Signed By Michigan Governor Rick Snyder". The Huffington Post. December 27, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  46. ↑ Woodhouse, Kellie (December 22, 2011). "Governor Rick Snyder signs domestic partner benefits ban into law". AnnArbor.com. Retrieved January 27, 2014.
  47. ↑ Steinberg, Michael J.; Kaplan, Jay D.; Moss, Kary L.; Knight, John A.; Goad, Amanda C.; Welch, Donna M.; Weidenhammer, Bradley H.; Crawford, Amy E. (February 17, 2012). "First Amended Complaint" (PDF). Bassett v. Snyder. Retrieved January 27, 2014.
  48. ↑ "Michigan ban on domestic partner benefits struck down by federal judge in preliminary injunction". mLive.com. August 28, 2013. Retrieved January 27, 2014.
  49. ↑ "Gov. Rick Snyder says he's in Afghanistan to thank soldiers, help them find jobs when they return". MLive.com. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  50. ↑ McMorris, Craig (April 18, 2012).Gov. Snyder continues European trade mission.WNEM, Meridith Corp.
  51. ↑ Buss, Dale (April 1, 2012).7 Things Chrysler Could Use To Mount a Good 'Second Half', Forbes. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  52. ↑ Barks, Kathy (June 21, 2011). "Gov. Snyder signs $47.4B Michigan budget Tuesday". BusinessWeek. Bloomberg. Associated Press. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  53. ↑ Becker, Bernie (May 11, 2012).Michigan governor joins online sales tax chorus. The Hill. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  54. ↑ Anders, Melissa (May 11, 2012). "Gov. Rick Snyder wants Michigan to collect sales tax for all online purchases". MLive.com. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  55. ↑ "Michigan legislators defy unions, OK right-to-work". Charleston Gazette-Mail. Associated Press. December 7, 2012. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  56. ↑ Montopoli, Brian (December 10, 2012). "Obama takes on union fight in Michigan". CBS News. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
  57. ↑ Staff (December 11, 2012). "Despite Bipartisan Opposition, Reckless 'Right to Work' Amendment Moves Forward". MNAFLCIO.org. Minnesota AFL-CIO. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  58. ↑ Montopoli, Brian (December 11, 2012). "Right-to-work signed into law in Michigan". CBS News. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
  59. ↑ "Action on Right to Work legislation appears likely". Crain's Business Detroit. Associated Press. December 6, 2012. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  60. ↑ Governor's Office Freedom to Work Press Release (December 6, 2012).. Retrieved December 11, 2012.
  61. ↑ "Michigan passes 'right-to-work' legislation". BBC News. December 11, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
  62. ↑ Egan, Paul (January 16, 2013).New poll suggests Snyder's popularity not hurt by right-to-work legislation.Detroit Free Press. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  63. ↑ Bell, Dawson (March 23, 2012). "Poll: More Michiganders like how Barack Obama, Rick Snyder are doing their jobs". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  64. ↑ Carpenter, Mackenzie (February 20, 2011). Republicans consider early possibilities for vice president, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  65. ↑ Decker, Brett M. (April 18, 2012).DECKER: Romney's Snyder example, The Washington Times. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  66. ↑ White, Joseph (October 31, 2011)."Michigan Governor's GOP Brand Is Distinct", The Wall Street Journal online. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  67. ↑ Murray, Dave (April 21, 2012). "Unlike predecessors, 'relentlessly positive' Gov. Rick Snyder reluctant to use veto pen". MLive.com. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  68. ↑ "Republican Presidential Candidates for 2016". Republican-Candidates.org. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  69. ↑ Crain, Keith (December 2, 2012)."An early vote: Snyder for president". Crain's Detroit Business. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  70. ↑ Egan, Paul (January 27, 2014). "Snyder seen as 2016 White House hopeful". Lansing State Journal. Gannett.
  71. ↑ Egan, Paul (January 28, 2014). "Some in GOP float idea of Rick Snyder presidency". USA Today. Detroit Free Press. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  72. ↑ "Governor Rick Snyder Signs Abortion Legislation". wlns.com. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
  73. ↑ Martin, Tim (December 28, 2012). "Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder signs bill adding regulations to abortion providers; vetoes Blue Cross bills". MLive.com. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  74. ↑ "See what Gov. Rick Snyder is up to in Israel". MLive.com. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  75. ↑ "Michigan Governor declares financial emergency in Detroit". WXYZ.com. Scripps Media. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  76. ↑ Savage, Chris (February 15, 2012). "The Scandal of Michigan's Emergency Managers". The Nation. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  77. ↑ Lotfi, Michael (December 27, 2013). "Michigan nullifies NDAA's indefinite detention". The Washington Times. Nashville. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  78. ↑ Davey, Monica (January 23, 2014). "Immigrants Seen as Way to Refill Detroit Ranks". The New York Times. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
  79. ↑ Lambert, Lisa. "Detroit, counties reach deal over water, sewer authority". Reuters. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  80. ↑ Lawler, Emily (December 18, 2014). "Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder debuts new workforce talent department with executive order". MLive.com. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
  81. ↑ Fantz, Ashley; Brumfield, Ben (November 19, 2015). "Syrian refugees not welcome in 30 U.S. states". CNN. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  82. ↑ Fonger, Ron (January 2, 2015). "City warns of potential health risks after Flint water tests revealed too much disinfection byproduct". MLive.com.
  83. ↑ Fonger, Ron (October 9, 2015). "AG Schuette: No comment on state's liability for emergency manager decisions". MLive.com. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
  84. ↑ Erb, Robin (January 23, 2015). "Who wants to drink Flint's water?". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
  85. ↑ Erb, Robin (September 25, 2015). "Doctor: Lead seen in more Flint kids since water switch". Detroit Free Press.
  86. ↑ Wisely, John (October 8, 2015). "Snyder announces $12-million plan to fix Flint water". Detroit Free Press.
  87. ↑ Wang, Yanan (December 15, 2015). "In Flint, Mich., there's so much lead in children's blood that a state of emergency is declared". The Washington Post.
  88. ↑ Lurie, Julia (December 16, 2015). "Flint Kids Have So Much Lead in Their Blood That the Mayor Declared a State of Emergency". Mother Jones.
  89. ↑ Heinlein, Gary (November 13, 2015). "When did state know kids in Flint were lead poisoned?". Detroit Free Press.
  90. ↑ "Flint water concerns raised early on in governor's office". CBSNews.com. Associated Press. February 26, 2016. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  91. ↑ Heinlein, Gary (November 13, 2015). "Petition to recall Snyder over Flint's water denied". Detroit Free Press.
  92. ↑ Bosman, Julie (March 12, 2016). "Recall Effort in Michigan Intensifies Pressure on Gov. Rick Snyder". The New York Times. Detroit. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  93. ↑ "Michael Moore calls for arrest of Gov. Snyder". The Detroit News. January 7, 2016.
  94. ↑ "'Gov. Snyder Should Be Arrested': Flint Residents Demand Justice over Water Poisoning". Democracy Now!. January 8, 2016.
  95. ↑ Pitt, Michael L.; McGehee, Cary S.; Rivers, Beth M. (November 13, 2015). "Melisa Mays, et. al. vs. Governor Rick Snyder, et. al." (PDF). Pitt Law PC. 2:15-cv-14002-JCO-MKM. Retrieved November 16, 2015. Defendants’ conduct in exposing Flint residents to toxic water was so egregious and so outrageous that it shocks the conscience.
  96. ↑ "4 families sue over lead in Flint water". The Detroit News. November 15, 2015. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
  97. ↑ Bethencourt, Daniel (November 13, 2015). "After Flint water crisis, families file lawsuit". Detroit Free Press.
  98. ↑ Wang, Yanan (December 15, 2015). "In Flint, Mich., there's so much lead in children's blood that a state of emergency is declared". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
  99. ↑ Felton, Ryan. "Governor Rick Snyder 'very sorry' about Flint water lead levels debacle". The Guardian. London. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
  100. ↑ "Michigan governor apologizes for state's mishandling of Flint's water supply". Raw Story. Reuters. December 30, 2015. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
  101. ↑ Domonske, Camila (January 16, 2016). "Obama Declares State Of Emergency Over Flint's Contaminated Water". NPR.org. Retrieved January 16, 2016.
  102. ↑ Gross, Allie. "Remember that time Gov. Snyder said he'd drink Flint's water for 30 days straight? That's over already.". Detroit Metro Times. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  103. ↑ "Poll: Snyder approval rating sinks to new low". Detroit News. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
  104. ↑ "Election Results – General Election – November 4, 2014". Michigan Department of State. November 24, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.
  105. ↑ "2010 Official Michigan General Election Results – Governor 4 Year Term (1) Position". Miboecfr.nictusa.com. Archived from the original on January 21, 2013. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  106. ↑ "Michigan Primary results". 2010 Unofficial Michigan Primary Election Results. August 4, 2010. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
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Party political offices
Preceded by
Dick DeVos		 Republican nominee for Governor of Michigan
2010, 2014 		Most recent
Political offices
Preceded by
Jennifer Granholm		 Governor of Michigan
2011–present 		Incumbent
United States order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by
Joe Biden
as Vice President		 Order of Precedence of the United States
Within Michigan 		Succeeded by
Mayor of city
in which event is held
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Otherwise Paul Ryan
as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives
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Asa Hutchinson
as Governor of Arkansas		 Order of Precedence of the United States
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Rick Scott
as Governor of Florida
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