Rangwapithecus
| Rangwapithecus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Jaw of Rangwapithecus gordoni | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Superfamily: | Hominoidea |
| Family: | Hominidae |
| Genus: | †Rangwapithecus |
Rangwapithecus is an extinct genus of ape from the Early Miocene of Kenya. Late Miocene phalanges from Hungary have also been assigned to this genus, but were later reclassified as Dryopithecus.[1]
Description
Rangwapithecus weighted approximately 15 kg (33 lb) and the size and shape of ape's teeth indicate that it was folivore.[2] An ape from the earliest Miocene that was[3] arboreal and therefore adapted to forest-dwelling, associated particularly with Mfangano Island, living in rainforest (Andrews,Kelley 2007).[4] although previously, lived within habitat of woodland-bushland.[5]
Taxonomy
Sympatric with Prosonsul, both classified within Proconsulidae[6] perhaps is same as classification Proconsul gordoni and Proconsul vancouveringi.[7] Is similar to another species found in Africa.[8]
Rangwapithecus gordoni and P. africanus are similarly sized although differing morphologically, and both restricted to Koru and Songhur.[9]
Notes
- ↑ Begun 1988
- ↑ Fleagle 1999, p. 462
- ↑ Lyell 1833, p. 343
- ↑ Andrews & Kelley 2007, Abstract
- ↑ Andrews & Evans 1979
- ↑ Cameron 2004, p. 62
- ↑ Tuttle 1986, p. 28
- ↑ Leakey & Leakey 1987, Abstract
- ↑ Andrews 2000, p. 356
References
- Andrews, Peter (May 2000). "Evolution and Environment in the Hominoidea". In Gee, H. Shaking the tree: readings from Nature in the history of life. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-28497-2. Retrieved December 2011. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help) - Andrews, P; Cronin, JE (1982). "The relationships of Sivapithecus and Ramapithecus and the evolution of the orang-utan". Nature. 297 (5867): 541–6. doi:10.1038/297541a0. PMID 7045678.
- Andrews, P.; Evans, E. N. (1979). "The Environment of Ramapithecus in Africa". Paleobiology. 5 (1): 22–30. JSTOR 2400387.
- Andrews, Peter; Kelley, Jay (2007). "Middle Miocene Dispersals of Apes". Folia Primatologica. 78 (5–6): 328–43. doi:10.1159/000105148. PMID 17855786.
- Begun, David R. (1988). "Catarrhine phalanges from the Late Miocene (Vallesian) of Rudabánya, Hungary" (PDF). Journal of Human Evolution. 17 (4): 413–37. doi:10.1016/0047-2484(88)90030-9. Retrieved December 2012. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help) - Cameron, D. W. (2004). Hominid adaptations and extinctions. UNSW Press. ISBN 9780868407166. Retrieved December 2011. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help) - Fleagle, JG (1999). Primate adaptation and evolution. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-260341-9. Retrieved December 2011. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help) - Greenfield, Leonard Owen (1979). "On the adaptive pattern of "Ramapithecus"". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 50 (4): 527–48. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330500406. PMID 111557.
- Greenfield, L. O. (1987). "A Late Divergence Hypothesis". In Ciochon, Russell L.; Fleagle, John G. Primate evolution and human origins. Evolutionary Foundations of Human Behavior Series. Transaction Publishers. p. 222. ISBN 9780202011752. Retrieved December 2011. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help) - Leakey, R.E.; Leakey, M.G. (1987). "A new Miocene small-bodied ape from Kenya". Journal of Human Evolution. 16 (4): 369–87. doi:10.1016/0047-2484(87)90067-4.
- Lyell, C (1833). Principles of geology: being an attempt to explain the former changes of the earth's surface by reference to causes now in operation, Volume 3. J. Murray. Retrieved November 2011. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help) - Schwartz, JH (1984). "The evolutionary relationships of man and orang-utans". Nature. 308 (5959): 501–5. doi:10.1038/308501a0. PMID 6424028.
- Tuttle, R. (1986). Apes of the world: their social behavior, communication, mentality, and ecology. Noyes Publ. p. 28. ISBN 9780815511045. Retrieved December 2011. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help) - Tuttle, Russell H. (2006). "Seven Decades of East African Miocene Anthropoid Studies". In Ishida, Hidemi; Tuttle, Russell; Pickford, Martin; Ogihara, Naomichi; Nakatsukasa, Masato. Human origins and environmental backgrounds. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Birkhäuser. pp. 15–29. ISBN 0387296387. Retrieved December 2011. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help)
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rangwapithecus. |
- Wolpoff, M. H.; De Bonis, L.; Fleagle, J. G.; Frayer, D. W.; Greenfield, L. O.; Jacobs, K. H.; Protsch, R.; Rightmire, P. G.; Sarich, V. (1982). "Ramapithecus and Hominid Origins [and Comments and Reply]". Current Anthropology. 23 (5): 501–522. doi:10.1086/202893. JSTOR 2742391.
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