Pyraustinae
| Pyraustinae | |
|---|---|
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| Small Magpie, Eurrhypara hortulata | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Suborder: | Ditrysia |
| Superfamily: | Pyraloidea |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Subfamily: | Pyraustinae Meyrick, 1890 |
| Genera | |
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See text | |
Pyraustinae is a large subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. It currently includes over 1,400 species, the majority of them tropical but some found in temperate regions including both North America and Europe.
The Pyraustinae were originally including the Spilomelinae; the present group was at that time considered a tribe Pyraustini. It has not been fully established yet which taxa of the Pyraustinae sensu lato belong to Pyraustinae as currently understood; thus the number of species in this subfamily is set to increase (although the Spilomelinae are the larger group of the old Pyraustinae).
Taxonomists' opinions differ as to the correct placement of the Crambidae, some authorities treating them as a subfamily (Crambinae) of the family Pyralidae. If this is done, Pyraustinae is usually treated as a separate subfamily within Pyralidae.
The Pyraustinae are characterised by atrophied spinula and venulae in the tympanal organs; a narrow fornix tympani; a longitudinal groove with androconial scales on the male mesothoracic tibiae; an often spinose antrum; and a sella (a medially directed clasper on the inside of the valvae), and an editum with modified setae on the male valvae.
Many species have larvae that bore into stems and fruit of plants, and several, notably from the genus Ostrinia, are serious agricultural pests.
Pyraustinae taxonomy
- Acellalis Pagenstecher, 1884
- Achyra Guenée, 1849 (= Achiria Sherborn, 1932, Achyria Sherborn, 1932, Dosara Walker, 1859, Eurycreon Lederer, 1863, Tritaea Meyrick, 1884)
- Acropentias Meyrick, 1890
- Adoxobotys Munroe, 1978
- Aeolosma Meyrick, 1938
- Aglaops Warren, 1892 (= Xanthopsamma Munroe & Mutuura, 1968)
- Ametrea Munroe, 1964
- Anamalaia Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
- Anania Hübner, 1823 (= Algedonia Lederer, 1863, Mutuuraia Munroe, 1976, Nealgedonia Munroe, 1976, Ametasia M. O. Martin, 1986, Ebulea Doubleday, 1849, Ennychia Treitschke, 1828, Ennichia Duponchel, 1833, Ethiobotys Maes, 1997, Eurrhypara Hübner, 1825, Palpita Hübner, 1806, Proteurrhypara Munroe & Mutuura, 1969, Opsibotys Warren, 1890, Perinephela Hübner, 1825, Perinephele Hübner, 1826, Perinephila Hampson, 1897, Phlyctaenia Hübner, 1825, Polyctaenia Hübner, 1826, Pronomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968, Tenerobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1971, Trichovalva Amsel, 1956, Udonomeiga Mutuura, 1954)
- Ancyloptila Meyrick, 1889
- Aplectropus Hampson in Walsingham & Hampson, 1896
- Aponia Munroe, 1964
- Arenochroa Munroe, 1976
- Arunamalaia Rose & Kirti, 1987
- Asphadastis Meyrick, 1934
- Atomoclostis Meyrick, 1934
- Aulacoptera Hampson, 1896 (= Aulacophora Swinhoe, 1895; preoccupied by Aulacophora Dejean, 1835)
- Aurorobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1971
- Authaeretis Meyrick, 1886 (= Anthaeretis Carus, 1887)
- Auxolophotis Meyrick, 1933
- Betousa Walker, 1865 (= Neothyris Warren, 1899)
- Burathema Walker, 1863
- Calamochrous Lederer, 1863 (= Calamochrosta Lederer, 1863)
- Callibotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
- Capparidia Dumont, 1931
- Carminibotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1971
- Catapsephis Hampson, 1899
- Ceuthobotys Munroe, 1978
- Charitoprepes Warren, 1896
- Cheloterma Meyrick, 1933
- Chilochroma Amsel, 1956
- Chilocorsia Munroe, 1964
- Chilopionea Munroe, 1964
- Chobera Moore, 1888
- Circobotys Butler, 1879
- Clatrodes Marion & Viette, 1953
- Coelobathra Turner, 1908
- Coptobasoides Janse, 1935
- Crocidophora Lederer, 1863 (= Crocidosema Lederer, 1863, Monocrocis Warren, 1895)
- Crypsiptya Meyrick, 1894 (= Coclebotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969)
- Cryptosara E. L. Martin, 1956
- Cybalobotys Maes, 2001
- Cyclarcha Swinhoe, 1894
- Daulia Walker, 1859 (= Girtexta Swinhoe, 1890)
- Daunabotys Maes, 2004
- Decelia Snellen, 1880
- Deltobotys Munroe, 1964
- Demobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
- Deuterophysa Warren, 1889 (= Gonopionea Hampson, 1913)
- Discothyris Warren, 1895
- Drachma Bryk, 1913
- Ecpyrrhorrhoe Hübner, 1825 (= Ecpyrrhorrhoa J. L. R. Agassiz, 1846, Ecpyrrhorrhoea Hübner, 1826, Harpadispar Agenjo, 1952, Pyraustegia Marion, 1963, Yezobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969)
- Elosita Snellen, 1899
- Emphylica Turner, 1913
- Endographis Meyrick, 1894
- Endotrichella Collins, 1962 (= Endotrichodes Hampson, 1919)
- Ennomosia Amsel, 1956
- Enyocera Snellen, 1880
- Epicorsia Hübner, 1818 (= Episcorsia Hübner, 1826)
- Epiecia Walker, 1866
- Epiparbattia Caradja, 1925
- Eporidia Walker, 1859 (= Eporedia Walker, 1859)
- Eretmopteryx Saalmüller, 1884
- Erinothus Hampson, 1899
- Euclasta Lederer, 1855 (= Ilurgia Walker, 1859, Proteuclasta Munroe, 1958)
- Eumaragma Meyrick, 1933
- Eumorphobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
- Euphyciodes Marion, 1954
- Eustenia Snellen, 1899
- Exeristis Meyrick, 1886
- Fumibotys Munroe, 1976
- Furcivena Hampson, 1896
- Glaucoda Karsch, 1900
- Glyphidomarptis Meyrick, 1936
- Gnamptorhiza Warren, 1896
- Gynenomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968
- Gyptitia Snellen, 1883
- Hahncappsia Munroe, 1976
- Helvibotys Munroe, 1976
- Heterocnephes Lederer, 1863
- Hutuna Whalley, 1962
- Hyalea Guenée, 1854
- Hyalobathra Meyrick, 1885 (= Leucocraspeda Warren, 1890)
- Hyalorista Warren, 1892 (= Pyraustopsis Amsel, 1956)
- Hymenia Hübner, 1825 (= Zinckenia Zeller, 1852)
- Hyperectis Meyrick, 1904
- Hyphercyna Sauber, 1899
- Idiusia Warren, 1896
- Ischnoscopa Meyrick, 1894
- Ismene Savigny, 1816
- Isocentris Meyrick, 1887
- Lampridia Snellen, 1880
- Lamprophaia Caradja, 1925
- Lepidoplaga Warren, 1895
- Leptosophista Meyrick, 1938
- Leucophotis Butler, 1886
- Limbobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1970
- Lirabotys J. C. Shaffer & Munroe, 2007
- Lotanga Moore, 1886
- Loxoneptera Hampson, 1896
- Loxostege Hübner, 1825 (= Boreophila Duponchel, 1845, Cosmocreon Warren, 1892, Leimonia Hübner, 1825, Limonia J. L. R. Agassiz, 1847, Margaritia Stephens, 1827, Parasitochroa Hannemann, 1964, Maroa Barnes & McDunnough, 1914, Meridiophila Marion, 1963, Polingia Barnes & McDunnough, 1914)
- Lumenia Joannis, 1929
- Mabra Moore, 1885 (= Streptobela Turner, 1937)
- Macrospectrodes Warren, 1896
- Massepha Walker, 1859
- Megatarsodes Marion, 1954
- Metaprotus Hampson, 1899
- Metasiodes Meyrick, 1894
- Mimasarta Ragonot, 1894
- Mimetebulea Munroe & Mutuura, 1968
- Monocoptopera Hampson, 1899
- Monodonta Kenrick, 1907
- Munroeodes Amsel, 1957 (= Munroeia Amsel, 1954)
- Nacoleiopsis Matsumura, 1925
- Nagiella Munroe, 1976 (= Nagia Walker, 1866)
- Nankogobinda Rose & Singh-Kirti, 1986
- Nascia J. Curtis, 1835
- Neadeloides Klima, 1939 (= Adeloides Warren, 1892)
- Neasarta Hampson, 1908
- Neoepicorsia Munroe, 1964
- Neohelvibotys Munroe, 1976
- Nephelobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1970
- Nephelolychnis Meyrick, 1933
- Nevrina Guenée, 1854 (= Neurina Moore, 1886)
- Niphostola Hampson, 1896
- Nomis Motschulsky, 1861
- Nymphulosis Amsel, 1959
- Oenobotys Munroe, 1976
- Oligocentris Hampson, 1896
- Oronomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968
- Ostrinia Hübner, 1825 (= Eupolemarcha Meyrick, 1937, Micractis Warren, 1892, Zeaphagus Agenjo, 1952)
- Pagyda Walker, 1859
- Palepicorsia Maes, 1995
- Paliga Moore, 1886 (= Eutectona Wang & Sung, 1980)
- Palpusia Amsel, 1956
- Paracentristis Meyrick, 1934
- Paracorsia Marion, 1959
- Paranomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968
- Paratalanta Meyrick, 1890 (= Microstega Meyrick, 1890)
- Parbattia Moore, 1888
- Paschiodes Hampson, 1913
- Patissodes Hampson, 1919
- Peribona Snellen, 1895 (= Radiorista Warren, 1896)
- Perispasta Zeller, 1875
- Piletosoma Hampson, 1899
- Pimelephila Tams, 1930
- Pioneabathra J. C. Shaffer & Munroe, 2007
- Placosaris Meyrick, 1897 (= Xanthelectris Meyrick, 1938)
- Plantegumia Amsel, 1956
- Platytesis Hampson, 1919
- Pleonectoides Hampson, 1891
- Portentomorpha Amsel, 1956 (= Apoecetes Munroe, 1956)
- Powysia Maes, 2006
- Preneopogon Warren, 1896
- Proconica Hampson, 1899
- Prodasycnemis Warren, 1892
- Prodelophanes Meyrick, 1937
- Protepicorsia Munroe, 1964
- Protinopalpa Strand, 1911
- Prototyla Meyrick, 1933
- Psammotis Hübner, 1825 (= Lemia Duponchel, 1845, Lemiodes Guenée, 1854, Psamotis Hübner, 1825)
- Pseudebulea Butler, 1881
- Pseudepicorsia Munroe, 1964
- Pseudopagyda Slamka, 2013
- Pseudopolygrammodes Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
- Pseudopyrausta Amsel, 1956
- Ptiladarcha Meyrick, 1933
- Pyralausta Hampson, 1913
- Pyrasia M. O. Martin, 1986
- Pyrausta Schrank, 1802 (= Aplographe Warren, 1892, Autocosmia Warren, 1892, Botys Latreille, 1802, Botis Swainson, [1821], Ostreophena Sodoffsky, 1837, Ostreophana Sodoffsky, 1837, Botis J. L. R. Agassiz, 1847, Heliaca Hübner, 1806, Cindaphia Lederer, 1863, Haematia Hübner, 1818, Heliaca Hübner, 1822, Heliaca Hübner, 1818, Heliaca Hübner, 1808, Herbula Guenée, 1854, Hyaloscia Dognin, 1908, Mardinia Amsel, 1952, Panstegia Hübner, 1825, Perilypa Hübner, 1825, Porphyritis Hübner, 1825, Proteroeca Meyrick, 1884, Pyrausta Hübner, 1825, Anthocrypta Warren, 1892, Pyraustes Billberg, 1820, Sciorista Warren, 1890, Rattana Rose & Pajni, 1979, Syllythria Hübner, 1825, Rhodaria Guenée, 1845, Synchromia Guenée, 1854, Tholeria Hübner, 1823, Trigonuncus Amsel, 1952)
- Pyraustimorpha Kocak & Seven, 1995
- Radessa Munroe, 1977
- Ravanoa Moore, 1885
- Rhectocraspeda Warren, 1892 (= Pilemia Möschler, 1882, Rapoona Hedemann, 1894, Rapona Schaus, 1940)
- Rhynchetria Klunder van Gijen, 1913
- Rodaba Moore, 1888
- Sarabotys Munroe, 1964
- Saucrobotys Munroe, 1976
- Sclerocona Meyrick, 1890
- Semniomima Warren, 1892
- Sericoplaga Warren, 1892
- Sinibotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
- Sisyracera Möschler, 1890 (= Araschnopsis Amsel, 1956)
- Sitochroa Hübner, 1825 (= Spilodes Guenée, 1849)
- Stenochora Warren, 1892
- Tangla Swinhoe, 1900
- Tasenia Snellen, 1901
- Thivolleo Maes, 2006
- Thliptoceras Warren in Swinhoe, 1890 (= Mimocomma Warren, 1895, Parudea Swinhoe, 1900, Polychorista Warren, 1896)
- Thysanodesma Butler, 1889
- Tipuliforma Kenrick, 1907
- Tirsa J. F. G. Clarke, 1971
- Togabotys Yamanaka, 1978
- Toxobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1968
- Trichoceraea Sauber in G. Semper, 1902
- Trigamozeucta Meyrick, 1937
- Trithyris Lederer, 1863
- Triuncidia Munroe, 1976
- Uncobotyodes Kirti & Rose, 1990
- Uresiphita Hübner, 1825 (= Mecyna Guenée, 1854, Uresiphoeta J. L. R. Agassiz, 1847)
- Vittabotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1970
- Xanthomelaena Hampson, 1896 (= Xanthomelaina Swinhoe, 1904)
- Xanthostege Munroe, 1976
Some Pyraloidea are still not unequivocally placed in a particular tribe or even family; among these, Tanaobela for example is sometimes assigned to the Pyraustinae.
Former genera
- Aediodina Strand, 1919
- Cavifrons Zeller, 1872
- Cryptographis Lederer, 1863
- Haplochytis Meyrick, 1933
- Orocala Walker, 1866
- Protinopalpella Strand, 1911
See also
External links
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