Psychrophrynella

Psychrophrynella
Psychrophrynella usurpator
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Craugastoridae
Subfamily: Holoadeninae
Genus: Psychrophrynella
Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008[1]
Type species
Phrynopus bagrecito
Lynch, 1986
Diversity
22 species (see text)

Psychrophrynella is a genus of frogs in the Craugastoridae family.[2] Alternatively, it has been placed in the Strabomantidae family.[3] The genus is distributed on the Andes of southern Peru and Bolivia.[2] Four of the 21 species are assessed as "Critically Endangered".[4]

The name Psychrophrynella is a contraction of the Greek psychros meaning cold and phrynos meaning toad, with the Greek diminutive suffix ella. It refers to their relatively cold habitats.[1]

Description

Psychrophrynella are small frogs measuring between 14 and 33 mm (0.55 and 1.30 in) snout–vent length. They are characterized by narrow head, absence of differentiated tympanic membrane (except in Psychrophrynella boettgeri) and, in most species, absence of tympanic annulus. Dorsum is smooth, granular, or shagreen. Venter is finely granular, granular, or coarsely granular (but smooth in Psychrophrynella pinguis).[1]

Species

There are 22 species:[2][3]

  • Psychrophrynella adenopleura (Aguayo-Vedia and Harvey, 2001)
  • Psychrophrynella ankohuma (Padial and De la Riva, 2007)
  • Psychrophrynella bagrecito (Lynch, 1986)
  • Psychrophrynella boettgeri (Lehr, 2006)
  • Psychrophrynella chacaltaya (De la Riva, Padial, and Cortéz, 2007)
  • Psychrophrynella chirihampatu Catenazzi and Ttito, 2016
  • Psychrophrynella condoriri (De la Riva, Aguayo, and Padial, 2007)
  • Psychrophrynella guillei (De la Riva, 2007)
  • Psychrophrynella harveyi (Muñoz, Aguayo, and De la Riva, 2007)
  • Psychrophrynella iani (De la Riva, Reichle, and Cortéz, 2007)
  • Psychrophrynella iatamasi (Aguayo-Vedia and Harvey, 2001)
  • Psychrophrynella illampu (De la Riva, Reichle, and Padial, 2007)
  • Psychrophrynella illimani (De la Riva and Padial, 2007)
  • Psychrophrynella kallawaya (De la Riva and Martínez-Solano, 2007)
  • Psychrophrynella katantika (De la Riva and Martínez-Solano, 2007)
  • Psychrophrynella kempffi (De la Riva, 1992)
  • Psychrophrynella pinguis (Harvey and Ergueta-Sandoval, 1998)
  • Psychrophrynella quimsacruzis (De la Riva, Reichle, and Bosch, 2007)
  • Psychrophrynella saltator (De la Riva, Reichle, and Bosch, 2007)
  • Psychrophrynella teqta De la Riva and Burrowes, 2014
  • Psychrophrynella usurpator De la Riva, Chaparro, and Padial, 2008
  • Psychrophrynella wettsteini (Parker, 1932)

References

  1. 1 2 3 Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E., and Heinicke, M. P (2008). "New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1737: 1–182.
  2. 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Psychrophrynella Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  3. 1 2 "Strabomantidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  4. ↑ IUCN. "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>". Retrieved 1 June 2015.
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