Political party strength in Wisconsin
The following tables indicate the historic party affiliation of elected officials in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, including: Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Attorney General, State Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction. The tables also indicate the historical party composition in the State Senate,[1] State Assembly,[1] the State delegation to the United States Senate, and the State delegation to the United States House of Representatives. For years in which a United States presidential election was held, the tables indicate which party's nominees received the state's electoral votes.
The parties are labeled as follows: Democratic (D), Independent (I), Nonpartisan (NP), Progressive (P), Republican (R), Whig (W), People's Party (PP), Union Labor (UL), Fusion (F), Independent Democrat (ID), Independent Republican (IR), and Independent (I), and a tie or coalition within a group of elected officials.
1848 to 1899
Year | Executive offices | State Legislature | United States Congress | Electoral College votes |
Governor | Lieutenant Governor | Secretary of State | Attorney General | Treasurer | Supt. of Pub. Inst. | State Senate | State Assembly | U.S. Senator (Class I) | U.S. Senator (Class III) | U.S. House |
1848 |
Nelson Dewey (D) |
John Edwin Holmes (D) |
Thomas McHugh (D) |
James S. Brown (D) |
Jairus C. Fairchild (D) |
Eleazer Root (W) |
12D, 4W, 3FS |
35D, 16W, 15FS[2] |
Henry Dodge (D) |
Isaac P. Walker (D) |
2D |
Cass / Butler (D) N |
1849 |
1FS, 1W, 1D |
1850 |
Samuel W. Beall (D) |
William A. Barstow (D) |
S. Park Coon (D) |
12D, 4W, 2FS, 1? |
41D, 17W, 8FS |
1851 |
14D, 3W, 2FS |
46D, 11W, 9FS |
2D, 1FS |
1852 |
Leonard J. Farwell (W) |
Timothy Burns (D)[3] |
Charles D. Robinson (D) |
Experience Estabrook (D) |
Edward H. Janssen (D) |
Azel P. Ladd |
13D, 5W, 1FS |
31W, 28D, 6FS, 1vac |
Pierce/King (D) Y |
1853 |
vacant |
18D, 7W |
51D, 22W, 7FD, 2I |
3D |
1854 |
William A. Barstow (D)[4] |
James T. Lewis (R) |
Alexander T. Gray (D) |
George Baldwin Smith (D) |
Hiram A. Wright (D)[3] |
20D, 5W |
50D, 25W, 8FS |
1855 |
13D, 12R |
44R, 33D, 5I, 1? |
Charles Durkee (R) |
2R, 1D |
1856 |
Arthur MacArthur, Sr. (D) |
David W. Jones (D) |
William R. Smith (D) |
Charles Kuehn (D) |
A. Constantine Barry (D)[5] |
13R, 12D |
45D, 35R, 1I, 2? |
Fremont/Dayton (R) N |
Arthur MacArthur, Sr. (D)[4] |
vacant |
Coles Bashford (R)[4] |
Arthur MacArthur, Sr. (D) |
1857 |
19R, 11D |
62R, 33D, 2I |
James Rood Doolittle (R) |
3R |
1858 |
Alexander Randall (R) |
Erasmus D. Campbell (D) |
Gabriel Bouck (D) |
Samuel D. Hastings (R) |
Lyman Draper (D) |
18R, 12D |
49R, 48D |
1859 |
16R, 14D |
55R, 42D |
2R, 1D |
1860 |
Butler G. Noble (R) |
Louis P. Harvey (R) |
James Henry Howe (R) |
Josiah Little Pickard[6] |
17R, 13D |
58R, 39D |
Lincoln/Hamlin (R) Y |
1861 |
22R, 8D |
70R, 27D |
Timothy O. Howe (R) |
3R |
1862 |
Louis P. Harvey (R)[3] |
Edward Salomon (R) |
James T. Lewis (R) |
Winfield Smith (R) |
22R, 11D |
44R, 33D, 23U[7] |
Edward Salomon (R)[8] |
vacant |
1863 |
17R, 16D |
48R, 44D, 8U |
3D, 3R |
1864 |
James T. Lewis (R) |
Wyman Spooner (R) |
Lucius Fairchild (R) |
John G. McMynn |
22R, 11D |
75R, 25D |
Lincoln/Johnson (R) Y |
1865 |
20R, 13D |
67R, 33D |
5R, 1D |
1866 |
Lucius Fairchild (R) |
Thomas Allen (R) |
Charles R. Gill (R) |
William E. Smith (R) |
23R, 9D, 1I |
59R, 32D, 9I |
1867 |
22R, 11D |
74R, 24D, 1I, 1? |
1868 |
Alexander J. Craig |
18R, 15D |
59R, 41D |
Grant / Colfax (R) Y |
1869 |
19R, 14D |
68R, 32D |
Matthew H. Carpenter |
1870 |
Thaddeus C. Pound (R) |
Llywelyn Breese (R) |
Stephen Steele Barlow (R) |
Henry Baetz (R) |
Samuel Fallows (R) |
19R, 11D, 3I |
55R, 38D, 7I |
1871 |
19R, 14D |
57R, 41D, 2I |
4R, 2D |
1872 |
Cadwallader C. Washburn (R) |
Milton H. Pettit (R)[3] |
23R, 9D, 1I |
58R, 38D, 4I |
Grant/Wilson (R) Y |
1873 |
vacant |
17R, 16D |
60D, 40R |
6R, 2D |
1874 |
William Robert Taylor (D) |
Charles D. Parker (D) |
Peter Doyle (D) |
A. Scott Sloan (R) |
Ferdinand Kuehn (D) |
Edward Searing (R) |
17R, 15D, 1I |
64R, 35D, 4I |
1875 |
60D, 40R |
Angus Cameron (R) |
5R, 3D |
1876 |
Harrison Ludington (R) |
21R, 12D |
49D, 47R, 4I[9] |
Hayes/ Wheeler (R) Y |
1877 |
48R, 40D, 7G, 4I, 1S[10] |
1878 |
William E. Smith (R) |
James M. Bingham (R) |
Hans Warner (R) |
Alexander Wilson (R) |
Richard Guenther (R) |
William Clarke Whitford (D/Lib.R.) |
24R, 9D |
45R, 41D, 13G, 1S[11] |
1879 |
66R, 25D, 9G |
Matthew H. Carpenter (R)[3] |
1880 |
25R, 8D |
70R, 29D, 1G |
Garfield/ Arthur (R) Y |
1881 |
24R, 9D |
78R, 22D |
Philetus Sawyer (R) |
Angus Cameron (R) |
1882 |
Jeremiah McLain Rusk (R)[12] |
Sam Fifield (R) |
Ernst Timme (R) |
Leander F. Frisby (R) |
Edward C. McFetridge (R) |
Robert Graham (R, D, Proh.) |
23R, 10D |
64R, 34D, 2I |
1883 |
18R, 15D |
63R, 37D |
6D, 3R |
1884 |
Blaine/ Logan (R) N |
1885 |
20R, 13D |
61R, 39D |
John Coit Spooner (R) |
7R, 2D |
1886 |
1887 |
George W. Ryland (R) |
Charles E. Estabrook (R) |
Henry B. Harshaw (R) |
Jesse B. Thayer (R) |
25R, 6D, 1PP, 1I |
57R, 30D, 6PP, 4ID, 3I |
7R, 1D, 1 Lab. |
1888 |
Harrison/Morton (R) Y |
1889 |
William D. Hoard (R) |
24R, 6D, 2UL, 1I |
71R, 29D |
7R, 2D |
1890 |
1891 |
George Wilbur Peck (D) |
Charles Jonas (D) |
Thomas Cunningham (D) |
James L. O'Connor (D) |
John Hunner (D) |
Oliver Elwin Wells (D) |
19D, 14R |
66D, 33R, 1UL |
William Freeman Vilas (D) |
8D, 1R |
1892 |
Cleveland / Stevenson (D) Y |
1893 |
26D, 7R |
56D, 44R |
John L. Mitchell (D) |
6D, 4R |
1894 |
1895 |
William H. Upham (R) |
Emil Baensch (R) |
Henry Casson (R) |
William H. Mylrea (R) |
Sewell A. Peterson (R) |
John Q. Emery (R) |
20R, 13D |
81R, 19D |
10R |
1896 |
McKinley/Hobart (R) Y |
1897 |
Edward Scofield (R) |
29R, 4D |
91R, 8D, 1Fus |
John Coit Spooner (R)[13] |
1898 |
1899 |
Jesse Stone (R)[3] |
William Froehlich (R) |
Emmett R. Hicks (R) |
James O. Davidson (R) |
Lorenzo D. Harvey (R) |
31R, 2D |
81R, 19D |
Joseph V. Quarles (R) |
Year | Governor | Lieutenant Governor | Secretary of State | Attorney General | Treasurer | Supt. of Pub. Inst. | State Senate | State Assembly | U.S. Senator (Class I) | U.S. Senator (Class III) | U.S. House | Electoral College votes |
Executive offices | State Legislature | United States Congress |
1900 to 1949
Year | Executive offices | State Legislature | United States Congress | Electoral College votes |
Governor | Lieutenant Governor | Secretary of State | Attorney General | Treasurer | Supt. of Pub. Inst. | State Senate | State Assembly | U.S. Senator (Class I) | U.S. Senator (Class III) | U.S. House |
1900 |
Edward Scofield (R) |
Jesse Stone (R)[3] |
William Froehlich (R) |
Emmett R. Hicks (R) |
James O. Davidson (R) |
Lorenzo D. Harvey (R) |
31R, 2D |
81R, 19D |
Joseph V. Quarles (R) |
John Coit Spooner (R)[13] |
10R |
McKinley/Roosevelt (R) Y |
1901 |
Robert M. La Follette, Sr. (R)[14] |
82R, 18D |
1902 |
James O. Davidson (R) |
1903 |
Walter Houser (R) |
Lafayette M. Sturdevant (R) |
John J. Kempf (R)[15] |
Charles P. Cary (R) |
30R, 3D |
75R, 25D |
10R, 1D |
1904 |
Thomas M. Purtell (R)[5] |
Roosevelt/Fairbanks (R) Y |
1905 |
John J. Kempf (R)[15] |
Charles P. Cary (NP/R) |
28R, 4D, 1SD |
85R, 11D, 4SD |
10R, 1D |
1906 |
James O. Davidson (R)[8] |
vacant |
Robert M. La Follette, Sr. (R) |
1907 |
William D. Connor (R) |
James A. Frear (R) |
Frank L. Gilbert (R) |
Andrew H. Dahl (R) |
27R, 5D, 1SD |
76R, 19D, 5SD |
Isaac Stephenson (R) |
9R, 2D |
1908 |
Taft/Sherman (R) Y |
1909 |
John Strange (R) |
28R, 4D, 1SD |
80R, 17D, 3SD |
10R, 1D |
1910 |
1911 |
Francis E. McGovern (R) |
Thomas Morris (R) |
Levi H. Bancroft (R) |
27R, 4D, 2SD |
59R, 29D, 12SD |
8R, 2D, 1S |
1912 |
Wilson/Marshall (D) Y |
1913 |
John Donald (R) |
Walter C. Owen (R)[16] |
Henry Johnson (R) |
23R, 9D, 1SD |
57R, 37D, 6SD |
8R, 3D |
1914 |
1915 |
Emanuel L. Philipp (R) |
Edward F. Dithmar (R) |
21R, 11D, 1SD |
63R, 29D, 8SD |
Paul O. Husting[3] |
1916 |
Hughes/Fairbanks (R) N |
1917 |
Merlin Hull (R) |
24R, 6D, 3S |
79R, 14D, 7S |
11R |
1918 |
Spencer Haven (R)[5] |
Irvine Lenroot (R) |
1919 |
John J. Blaine (R) |
27R, 4S, 2D |
79R, 16S, 5D |
10R, 1S |
1920 |
Harding/Coolidge (R) Y |
1921 |
John J. Blaine (R) |
George Comings (R) |
Elmer Hall (R) |
William J. Morgan (R) |
John Callahan (NP) |
92R, 6S, 2D |
11R |
1922 |
1923 |
Fred R. Zimmerman (R)[3] |
Herman Ekern (R) |
Solomon Levitan (R) |
30R, 3S |
89R, 10S, 1D |
10R, 1S |
1924 |
La Follette/Wheeler (P) N |
1925 |
Henry A. Huber (R) |
29R, 4S |
91R, 8S, 1D |
Robert M. La Follette, Jr. (R) |
1926 |
1927 |
Fred R. Zimmerman (R) |
Theodore Dammann (R) |
John W. Reynolds, Sr. (R) |
31R, 2S |
89R, 8S, 3D |
John J. Blaine (R) |
1928 |
Hoover/Curtis (R) Y |
1929 |
Walter J. Kohler, Sr. |
90R, 6D, 3S, 1I |
11R |
1930 |
1931 |
Philip La Follette (R) |
30R, 2S, 1D |
89R, 9S, 2D |
10R, 1D |
1932 |
Roosevelt/Garner (D) Y |
1933 |
Albert G. Schmedeman (D) |
Thomas J. O'Malley (D)[3] |
James E. Finnegan (D) |
Robert Kirkland Henry (D) |
23R, 9D, 1P |
59D, 24P, 13R, 3S, 1IR |
F. Ryan Duffy (D) |
5D, 5R |
1934 |
1935 |
Philip La Follette (P) |
Theodore Dammann (P) |
14P, 13D, 6R[17] |
45P, 35D, 17R, 3S[18] |
Robert M. La Follette, Jr. (P) |
7P, 3D |
1936 |
Henry A. Gunderson (P)[19] |
1937 |
Herman L. Ekern (P) |
Orland Steen Loomis (P) |
Solomon Levitan (P) |
16P, 9D, 8R[20] |
46P, 31D, 21R, 2S[21] |
1938 |
1939 |
Julius P. Heil (R) |
Walter Samuel Goodland (R) |
Fred R. Zimmerman (R) |
John E. Martin[3] |
John M. Smith[3] |
16R, 11P, 6D |
53R, 32P, 15D |
Alexander Wiley (R) |
8R, 2P |
1940 |
Roosevelt/Wallace (D) Y |
1941 |
23R, 6P, 4D |
60R, 25P, 15D |
6R, 3P, 1D |
1942 |
1943 |
Orland S. Loomis (P)[22] |
73R, 14D, 13P |
5R, 3D, 2P |
Walter Samuel Goodland (R)[3][22] |
vacant |
1944 |
Dewey/Bricker (R) N |
1945 |
Oscar Rennebohm (R) |
22R, 6D, 5P |
75R, 19D, 5P |
7R, 2D, 1P |
1946 |
1947 |
Oscar Rennebohm (R)[8] |
vacant |
John L. Sonderegger[5][23] |
27R, 5D, 1P |
88R, 12D |
Joseph R. McCarthy (R) |
10R |
1948 |
Grover L. Broadfoot (R)[5] |
Clyde M. Johnston[5] |
Truman/Barkley (D) Y |
1949 |
George M. Smith (R) |
Thomas E. Fairchild (D) |
Warren R. Smith (R) |
George Earl Watson (NP) |
28R, 5D |
74R, 26D |
8R, 2D |
Year | Governor | Lieutenant Governor | Secretary of State | Attorney General | Treasurer | Supt. of Pub. Inst. | State Senate | State Assembly | U.S. Senator (Class I) | U.S. Senator (Class III) | U.S. House | Electoral College votes |
Executive offices | State Legislature | United States Congress |
1950 to 1999
Year | Executive offices | State Legislature | United States Congress | Electoral College votes |
Governor | Lieutenant Governor | Secretary of State | Attorney General | Treasurer | State Senate | State Assembly | U.S. Senator (Class I) | U.S. Senator (Class III) | U.S. House |
1950 |
Oscar Rennebohm (R)[8] |
George M. Smith (R) |
Fred R. Zimmerman (R) |
Thomas E. Fairchild (D) |
Warren R. Smith (R)[3] |
28R, 5D |
74R, 26D |
Joseph R. McCarthy (R) |
Alexander Wiley (R) |
8R, 2D |
Truman/Barkley (D) |
1951 |
Walter J. Kohler, Jr. (R) |
Vernon W. Thomson (R) |
26R, 7D |
76R, 24D |
9R, 1D |
1952 |
Eisenhower/Nixon (R) Y |
1953 |
75R, 25D |
1954 |
Louis Allis (R)[5] |
1955 |
Warren P. Knowles (R) |
Glenn M. Wise (R) |
25R, 8D |
64R, 36D |
7R, 3D |
1956 |
1957 |
Vernon W. Thomson (R) |
Robert C. Zimmerman (R) |
Stewart G. Honeck (R) |
23R, 10D |
67R, 33D |
William Proxmire (D) |
1958 |
Dena A. Smith(R)[5] |
1959 |
Gaylord A. Nelson (D) |
Philleo Nash (D) |
John W. Reynolds, Jr. (D) |
Eugene M. Lamb (D) |
20R, 13D |
55D, 45R |
5D, 5R |
1960 |
Nixon/Lodge (R) N |
1961 |
Warren P. Knowles (R) |
Dena A. Smith (R)[3] |
55R, 45D |
6R, 4D |
1962 |
1963 |
John W. Reynolds (D) |
Jack B. Olson (R) |
George Thompson (R) |
22R, 11D |
53R, 47D |
Gaylord A. Nelson (D) |
1964 |
Johnson/Humphrey (D) Y |
1965 |
Warren P. Knowles (R) |
Patrick J. Lucey (D) |
Bronson La Follette (D) |
20R, 13D |
52D, 48R |
5D, 5R |
1966 |
1967 |
21R, 12D |
53R, 47D |
7R, 3D |
1968 |
Jack B. Olson (R) |
Harold W. Clemens (R)[5] |
Nixon/Agnew (R) Y |
1969 |
Robert W. Warren (R) |
23R, 10D |
52R, 48D |
6R, 4D |
1970 |
1971 |
Patrick J. Lucey (D) |
Martin J. Schreiber (D) |
Charles P. Smith (D) |
20R, 13D |
67D, 33R |
5D, 5R |
1972 |
1973 |
Victor A. Miller (D) |
18R, 15D |
62D, 37R |
5D, 4R |
1974 |
Bronson La Follette (D) |
1975 |
Doug LaFollette (D) |
19D, 14R |
63D, 36R |
7D, 2R |
1976 |
Carter/Mondale (D) Y |
1977 |
Martin J. Schreiber (D) |
vacant |
23D, 10R |
66D, 33R |
1978 |
1979 |
Lee S. Dreyfus (R) |
Russell A. Olson (R) |
Vel Phillips (D) |
21D, 12R |
60D, 39R |
6D, 3R |
1980 |
Reagan/Bush (R) Y |
1981 |
20D, 13R |
59D, 40R |
Robert W. Kasten, Jr. (R) |
5D, 4R |
1982 |
1983 |
Anthony Earl (D) |
James Flynn (D) |
Doug LaFollette (D) |
22D, 11R |
1984 |
1985 |
19D, 14R |
52D, 47R |
1986 |
1987 |
Tommy Thompson (R) |
Scott McCallum (R) |
Don Hanaway (R) |
54D, 45R |
1988 |
Dukakis/Bentsen (D) N |
1989 |
20D, 13R |
56D, 43R |
Herb Kohl (D) |
1990 |
1991 |
Jim Doyle (D) |
Cathy Zeuske (R) |
19D, 14R |
58D, 41R |
5R, 4D |
1992 |
Clinton/Gore (D) N |
1993 |
18D, 15R |
52D, 47R |
Russ Feingold (D) |
17R, 16D[24] |
1994 |
1995 |
Jack Voight (R) |
51R, 48D |
6R, 3D |
1996 |
17D, 16R[25] |
1997 |
52R, 47D |
5D, 4R |
1998 |
17R, 16D[26] |
1999 |
17D, 16R |
55R, 44D |
Year | Governor | Lieutenant Governor | Secretary of State | Attorney General | Treasurer | State Senate | State Assembly | U.S. Senator (Class I) | U.S. Senator (Class III) | U.S. House | Electoral College votes |
Executive offices | State Legislature | United States Congress |
2000 to 2015
Year | Executive offices | State Legislature | United States Congress | Electoral College votes |
Governor | Lieutenant Governor | Secretary of State | Attorney General | Treasurer | State Senate | State Assembly | U.S. Senator (Class I) | U.S. Senator (Class III) | U.S. House |
2000 |
Tommy Thompson (R) |
Scott McCallum (R) |
Doug LaFollette (D) |
Jim Doyle (D) |
Jack Voight (R) |
17D, 16R |
55R, 44D |
Herb Kohl (D) |
Russ Feingold (D) |
5D, 4R |
Gore/Lieberman (D) N |
2001 |
Scott McCallum (R) |
Margaret Farrow (R) |
18D, 15R |
56R, 43D |
2002 |
2003 |
Jim Doyle (D) |
Barbara Lawton (D) |
Peggy Lautenschlager (D) |
18R, 15D |
58R, 41D |
4R, 4D |
2004 |
Kerry/Edwards (D) N |
2005 |
19R, 14D |
60R, 39D |
2006 |
2007 |
J. B. Van Hollen (R) |
Dawn Marie Sass (D) |
18D, 15R |
52R, 47D |
5D, 3R |
2008 |
Obama/Biden (D) Y |
2009 |
52D, 46R, 1I |
2010 |
2011 |
Scott Walker (R) |
Rebecca Kleefisch (R) |
Kurt W. Schuller (R) |
19R, 14D |
59R, 39D, 1I |
Ron Johnson (R) |
5R, 3D |
17R, 16D |
2012 |
17D, 16R |
2013 |
18R, 15D |
60R, 39D |
Tammy Baldwin (D) |
2014 |
2015 |
Brad Schimel (R) |
Matt Adamczyk (R) |
19R, 14D |
63R, 36D |
2016 |
Trump/Pence (R) Y |
2017 |
20R, 13D |
64R, 35D |
2018 |
Year | Governor | Lieutenant Governor | Secretary of State | Attorney General | Treasurer | State Senate | State Assembly | U.S. Senator (Class I) | U.S. Senator (Class III) | U.S. House | Electoral College votes |
Executive offices | State Legislature | United States Congress |
Notes
- 1 2 Wisconsin Blue Book, 2005 p. 271
- ↑ Elected a Democrat, Harrison Carroll Hobart, as Speaker. p. 649
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Died in office
- 1 2 3 Initially, Barstow was declared the winner of the 1855 election, but soon resigned amid claims that he had won through fraudulent means. MacArthur, as lieutenant governor, acted as governor for five days, until the Wisconsin Supreme Court declared Barstow's opponent, Bashford, the legitimate governor. Bashford completed the term, with MacArthur continuing to serve as lieutenant governor.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Appointed to fill vacancy
- ↑ Resigned to become Chicago superintendent of schools
- ↑ Elected a Unionist, James W. Beardsley, as Speaker. p. 649
- 1 2 3 4 As lieutenant governor, acted as governor for remainder of unexpired term.
- ↑ Elected a Republican, Sam Fifield, as Speaker. p. 649
- ↑ Elected an Independent, John B. Cassoday, as Speaker. He ran on a Unionist ticket. p. 649
- ↑ Elected a Greenback, Augustus Barrows, as Speaker. p. 486 p. 649
- ↑ During Rusk's first term, the Wisconsin Constitution was amended to provide that all elections of state and county officers would henceforth take place in even-numbered years. By the provisions of the amendment, the terms of all officials who would have left office in 1884, including Rusk, were extended by one year.
- 1 2 Resigned
- ↑ La Follette nominated himself to Wisconsin's vacant U.S. Senate seat in 1905 and was confirmed by the state Senate; he held both offices, leaving the senate seat unfilled, until he resigned from the office of governor to take his seat in the Senate.
- 1 2 Failed to give required bond
- ↑ Resigned from office
- ↑ Elected a Democrat, Harry W. Bolens, as President Pro Tempore. p. 648
- ↑ Elected a Progressive, Jorge W. Carow, as Speaker. p. 83
- ↑ Resigned to take an appointment to the state tax commission.
- ↑ Elected a Progressive, Walter J. Rush, as President Pro Tempore.
- ↑ Elected a Progressive, Paul Alfonsi, as Speaker.
- 1 2 Loomis was elected in 1942 but died before taking office. Per a ruling of the Wisconsin Supreme Court, Goodland, who had been re-elected lieutenant governor in the same election, acted as governor for the term.
- ↑ Resigned to become State Insurance Commissioner
- ↑ On April 6, 1993, three special elections were held, and in two of them, Republicans flipped the seats to their control, and thus took control of the chamber on April 20. Journal of the Senate President of the Senate Brian Rude
- ↑ On June 4, 1996, a special election was held, and Democrats flipped the seat to their control, and thus took control of the chamber on June 19. Journal of the Senate declaring Fred Risser President of the Senate
- ↑ On April 7, 1998, a special election was held, and Republicans flipped the seat to their control, and thus took control of the chamber on April 20. Journal of the Senate President of the Senate Brian Rude
See also