Phosphatidylethanol

General chemical structures of phosphotidylethanol, where R1 and R2 are fatty acid chains

Phosphatidylethanols (PEth) are a group of phospholipids formed only in the presence of ethanol via the action of phospholipase D.[1] Levels of phosphatidylethanols in blood are used as markers of previous alcohol consumption.[2][3] For this purpose, PEth is more sensitive than carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT), urinary ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS).[4]

Intake of less than 48 g ethanol/day for three weeks gives a whole blood a PEth concentration of <0.7 mmol/l. Repeated etanol intake of 48–102 g per day for three weeks gives a blood PEth of 1.0–2.1 mmol/l.[5] After cessation of alcohol intake, the half-life of PEth is between 4.5 and 10 days in the first week and between 5 and 12 days in the second week.[6]

Chemically, phosphatidylethanols are phospholipids carrying two fatty acid chains, which are variable in structure, and one phosphate ethyl ester.

References

  1. ↑ Gnann, H.; Engelmann, C.; Skopp, G.; Winkler, M.; Auwärter, V.; Dresen, S.; Ferreirós, N.; Wurst, F. M.; Weinmann, W. (2010). "Identification of 48 homologues of phosphatidylethanol in blood by LC-ESI-MS/MS". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 396 (7): 2415–23. doi:10.1007/s00216-010-3458-5. PMID 20127079.
  2. ↑ Hansson, Per; Caron, Murielle; Johnson, Goran; Gustavsson, Lena; Alling, Christer (1997). "Blood Phosphatidylethanol as a Marker of Alcohol Abuse: Levels in Alcoholic Males during Withdrawal". Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 21: 108. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03736.x.
  3. ↑ Hansson, P; Varga, A; Krantz, P; Alling, C (2001). "Phosphatidylethanol in post-mortem blood as a marker of previous heavy drinking". International journal of legal medicine. 115 (3): 158–61. doi:10.1007/s004140100206. PMID 11775018.
  4. ↑ Helander, A.; Peter, O.; Zheng, Y. (2012). "Monitoring of the Alcohol Biomarkers PEth, CDT and EtG/EtS in an Outpatient Treatment Setting". Alcohol and Alcoholism. 47 (5): 552–557. doi:10.1093/alcalc/ags065. ISSN 0735-0414.
  5. ↑ Aradottir, S. (2006). "PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOL (PEth) CONCENTRATIONS IN BLOOD ARE CORRELATED TO REPORTED ALCOHOL INTAKE IN ALCOHOL-DEPENDENT PATIENTS". Alcohol and Alcoholism. 41 (4): 431–437. doi:10.1093/alcalc/agl027. ISSN 0735-0414.
  6. ↑ Kechagias, Stergios; Dernroth, Dženeta Nezirević; Blomgren, Anders; Hansson, Therese; Isaksson, Anders; Walther, Lisa; Kronstrand, Robert; Kågedal, Bertil; Nystrom, Fredrik H. (2015). "Phosphatidylethanol Compared with Other Blood Tests as a Biomarker of Moderate Alcohol Consumption in Healthy Volunteers: A Prospective Randomized Study". Alcohol and Alcoholism. 50 (4): 399–406. doi:10.1093/alcalc/agv038. ISSN 0735-0414.


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