Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme

NMR structure of antizyme isoform 1 from rat

Identifiers

Symbol

ODC_AZ

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

In molecular biology, Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme (ODC-AZ) is an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor. It binds to, and destabilises, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key enzyme in polyamine synthesis. ODC is then rapidly degraded.^[1] It was first characterized in 1981.^[2] The expression of ODC-AZ requires programmed, ribosomal frameshifting which is modulated according to the cellular concentration of polyamines. High levels of polyamines induce a +1 ribosomal frameshift in the translation of mRNA for the antizyme leading to the expression of a full-length protein. At least two forms of ODC-AZ exist in mammals ^[3] and the protein has been found in Drosophila (protein Gutfeeling^[4]) as well as in Saccharomyces yeast (encoded by the OAZ1 gene).^[5]

Human genes encoding Ornithine decarboxylase antizymes are OAZ1, OAZ2, and OAZ3.

References

↑ Matsufuji S, Matsufuji T, Miyazaki Y, Murakami Y, Atkins JF, Gesteland RF, Hayashi S (January 1995). "Autoregulatory frameshifting in decoding mammalian ornithine decarboxylase antizyme". Cell. 80 (1): 51–60. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90450-6. PMID 7813017.
↑ Heller JS, Canellakis ES (1981). "Cellular control of ornithine decarboxylase activity by its antizyme". J. Cell. Physiol. 107 (2): 209–17. doi:10.1002/jcp.1041070206. PMID 7251680.
↑ Ivanov IP, Gesteland RF, Atkins JF (September 1998). "A second mammalian antizyme: conservation of programmed ribosomal frameshifting". Genomics. 52 (2): 119–29. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5434. PMID 9782076.
↑ Salzberg, A.; Golden, K.; Bodmer, R.; Bellen, H. J. (1996-09-01). "Gutfeeling, a Drosophila Gene Encoding an Antizyme-like Protein, Is Required for Late Differentiation of Neurons and Muscles". Genetics. 144 (1): 183–196. ISSN 0016-6731. PMC 1207492.
↑ SGD entry for OAZ1 gene

Carbon-carbon lyases (EC 4.1)

4.1.1: Carboxy-lyases	Acetoacetate decarboxylase Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase Glutamate decarboxylase Histidine decarboxylase Lysine decarboxylase Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase Ornithine decarboxylase Oxaloacetate decarboxylase Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase Pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase Pyruvate decarboxylase RuBisCO Uridine monophosphate synthetase/Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase

4.1.2: Aldehyde-lyases	Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase Aldolase A Aldolase B Aldolase C 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase Threonine aldolase

4.1.3: Oxo-acid-lyases	Isocitrate lyase 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase

4.1.99: Other	Tryptophanase

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list)

Essential amino acids are in Capitals

LYSINE→	Saccharopine dehydrogenase Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase

LEUCINE→	Branched chain aminotransferase Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase

TRYPTOPHAN→	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase/Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Arylformamidase Kynureninase 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase Aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase Aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase

PHENYLALANINE→tyrosine→	(see below)

glycine→serine→	Serine hydroxymethyltransferase Serine dehydratase glycine→creatine: Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase Creatine kinase

alanine→	Alanine transaminase

cysteine→	D-cysteine desulfhydrase

threonine→	L-threonine dehydrogenase

HISTIDINE→	Histidine ammonia-lyase Urocanate hydratase Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase

proline→	Proline oxidase Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase/ALDH4A1 PYCR1

arginine→	Ornithine aminotransferase Ornithine decarboxylase Agmatinase

→alpha-ketoglutarate→TCA	Glutamate dehydrogenase

Other	cysteine+glutamate→glutathione: Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase Glutathione synthetase Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase glutamate→glutamine: Glutamine synthetase Glutaminase

VALINE→	Branched chain aminotransferase Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex Enoyl-CoA hydratase 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase Methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase

ISOLEUCINE→	Branched chain aminotransferase Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase

METHIONINE→	generation of homocysteine: Methionine adenosyltransferase Adenosylhomocysteinase regeneration of methionine: Methionine synthase/Homocysteine methyltransferase Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase conversion to cysteine: Cystathionine beta synthase Cystathionine gamma-lyase

THREONINE→	Threonine aldolase

→succinyl-CoA→TCA	Propionyl-CoA carboxylase Methylmalonyl CoA epimerase Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase

PHENYLALANINE→tyrosine→	Phenylalanine hydroxylase Tyrosine aminotransferase 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase tyrosine→melanin: Tyrosinase

asparagine→aspartate→	Asparaginase/Asparagine synthetase Aspartate transaminase

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR002993

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