Onda (community development block)

For other uses, see Onda (disambiguation).
Onda
ওন্দা
Community development block
সমষ্টি উন্নয়ন ব্লক
Onda

Location in West Bengal, India

Coordinates: 23°08′N 87°12′E / 23.13°N 87.20°E / 23.13; 87.20Coordinates: 23°08′N 87°12′E / 23.13°N 87.20°E / 23.13; 87.20
Country  India
State West Bengal
District Bankura
Government
 • Type Community development block
Area
 • Total 502.46 km2 (194.00 sq mi)
Elevation 74 m (243 ft)
Population (2011)
 • Total 252,984
 • Density 500/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
Languages
 • Official Bengali, English
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 722144 (Onda)
Telephone/STD code 03244
Vehicle registration WB-67, WB-68
Literacy 65.82%
Lok Sabha constituency Bishnupur
Vidhan Sabha constituency Onda
Website bankura.gov.in

Onda is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Bankura Sadar subdivision of Bankura district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

History

From Bishnupur kingdom to the British Raj

From around 7th century AD till around the advent of British rule, for around a millennium, history of Bankura district is identical with the rise and fall of the Hindu Rajas of Bishnupur. The Bishnupur Rajas, who were at the summit of their fortunes towards the end of the 17th century, started declining in the first half of the 18th century. First, the Maharaja of Burdwan seized the Fatehpur Mahal, and then the Maratha invasions laid waste their country.[1]

Bishnupur was ceded to the British with the rest of Burdwan chakla in 1760. In 1787, Bishnupur was united with Birbhum to form a separate administrative unit. In 1793 it was transferred to the Burdwan collectorate. In 1879, the district acquired its present shape with the thanas of Khatra and Raipur and the outpost of Simplapal being transferred from Manbhum, and the thanas of Sonamukhi, Kotulpur and Indas being retransferred from Burdwan. However, it was known for sometime as West Burdwan and in 1881 came to be known as Bankura district.[1]

Geography

Topography

Bankura district has been described as the “connecting link between the plains of Bengal on the east and Chota Nagpur plateau on the west.” The areas to the east and north-east are low lying alluvial plains, similar to the predominating rice lands in the adjacent districts of Bengal. To the west the surface gradually rises, giving way to undulating country, interspersed with rocky hillocks. Much of the area is covered with jungles.[2]

The western part of the district has poor, ferruginous soil and hard beds of laterite with scrub jungles. There are irregular patches of more recent alluvium. During the long dry season large extents of red soil with hardly any trees lend the country a scorched and dreary appearance. In the eastern part the eye constantly rests on wide expanses of rice fields, green in the rains but parched and dry in summer.[2]

There are two are two moderately high hills – Biharinath (in Saltora CD Block) and Susunia (in Chhatna CD Block). While the former rises to a height of 448 metres (1,470 ft), the latter attains a height of 440 metres (1,440 ft).[2]

Rivers

The district has hilly streams originating in the highland in the east and flowing from the north-east to the south-west. The Damodar forms the northern border with Bardhaman district and then flows into that district. The Sali is a tributary of the Damodar. Amongst the other rivers (flowing in parallel from the north) are: the Dwarakeshwar, the Shilabati and the Kangsabati. The Gandheswari is an important tributary of the Dwarakeshwar.[2]

The Kangsabati Project consists of a dam across the Kangsabati in Khatra CD Block and three pick-up barrages – Shilabati, Bhairabbanki and Tarafeny.[3]

Location

Onda is located at 23°08′N 87°12′E / 23.13°N 87.20°E / 23.13; 87.20.

Onda CD Block is bounded by Bankura II CD Block on the north, Bishnupur CD Block on the east, Taldangra CD Block on the south and Indpur and Bankura I CD Blocks on the west.[4][5]

It is located 20 km from Bankura, the district headquarters.[4]

Area and administration

Onda CD Block has an area of 502.46 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 15 gram panchayats, 185 gram sansads (village councils), 291 mouzas and 271 inhabited villages. Onda police station serves this block.[6]Headquarters of this CD Block is at Onda.[7]

Gram panchayats

Gram panchayats of Onda block/ panchayat samiti are: Chingani, Churamanipur, Kalyani, Kantaberia, Lodona, Majdiha, Medinipur, Nakaijuri, Nikunjapur, Onda I, Onda II, Punisole, Ramsagar, Ratanpur and Santore.[8]

Demographics

Population

As per the 2011 Census of India Onda CD Block had a total population of 252,984, all of which were rural. There were 129,248 (51%) males and 123,736 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 33,274. Scheduled Castes numbered 83,933 (33.18%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 12,443 (4.92%).[9]

As per 2001 census, Onda block had a total population of 219,845, out of which 112,429 were males and 107,416 were females. Onda block registered a population growth of 15.06 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the district was 15.15 per cent.[10] Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.[11]

Villages

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Onda CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Onda (5,933), Aguri Band Punisol (22,193), Nutangram (4,077) and Chingani (4,004).[9]

Other villages in Onda CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Majdiha (1,173), Churamanipur (992), Medinipur (2,662), Lodna (3,072), Kalyani (1,632), Ratanpur (1,822), Santor (1,739), Nikunjapur (2,239), Bahulara (1,124) and Ramsagar (712).[9]

Literacy

As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Onda CD Block was 144,618 (65.82% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 85,546 (75.44% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 60,072 (55.81%) of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 19.63%.[9]

As per the 2011 census, literacy in Bankura district was 70.26%, up from 63.44 in 2001 and 52.00% in 1991.[12] Literacy in West Bengal was 77.08% in 2011.[13] Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.[13]

As per the 2001 census there were 11 CD Blocks in Bankura district where the female literacy rate was below 50%. These blocks are Saltora, Hirbandh, Chhatna, Ranibandh, Mejia, Patrasayer, Indpur, Bishnupur, Gangajalghati, Onda and Sonamukhi. These CD Blocks come uner the National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level and special programmes have been taken up for the education of girl children.[14]

Normally villages have a primary school within the mouza. However, there is no primary school or sishu siksha kendra within 1 km in 64 mouzas of Bankura district. Amongst the worst affected mouzas are (distance from nearest primary school in brackets): Radhamadhabpur in Ramsagar panchayat, Chakuparsol in Ratanpur panchayat and Bet Jhuria in Chingani panchayat (3 km) in Onda CD Block.[14]

Similarly, an upper primary school or a madhyamik shiksha kendra is more than 3 km away in 23 mouzas. There are mouzas such as Gosaindihi in Puddi panchayat and Lep-am in Barikul panchayat of Ranibandh CD Block where upper primary schools are 13–14 km away.[14]

The Midday Meal Scheme covered all primary schools and sishu siksha kendras by March 2005. Efforts were on to cover the upper primary and high schools. The number of children provided with cooked miday meals was 344,746 in 3,460 primary schools and 453 sishu siksha kendras.[14]

See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

Language

Bengali is the local language in these areas.[4]

Religion

Religion in Onda CD Block
Hindu
  
 83.30%
Muslim
  
 13.68%
Christian
  
 0.03%
Others
  
 2.98%

In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 201,742 and formed 83.30% of the population in Onda CD Block. Muslims numbered 34,620 and formed 13.68% of the population. Christians numbered 86 and formed 0.03% of the population. Others numbered 7,536 and formed 2.98% of the population.[15] Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,[16] and other religious communities.[15]

In 2011, Hindus numbered 3,033,581 and formed 84.34% of the population in Bankura district. Muslims numbered 290,450 and formed 8.08% of the population. Christians numbered 3,865 and formed 0.11% of the population. Others numbered 268,778 and formed 7.47% of the population. In West Bengal, Hindus numbered 64,385,546 and formed 70.53% of the population. Muslims numbered 24,654,825 and formed 27.01% of the population.[15]

Human Development Report

According to the District Human Development Report of Bankura: It is located in the western part of the state, which is popularly known as Rarh. The district is primarily rural with 92.63% of the population living in rural areas in 2001. It has 3 municipal towns – Bankura, Bishnupur and Sonamukhi – and 22 community development blocks. It had a density of population of 464 persons per  km2.[17]

The average size of holdings in the district is 1.02 acres. The marginal land holding class owning an average of 0.53 acres forms 67 per cent. Another 21.94 per cent forms the small land holding class. Add to this the poor irrigation facilities, low fertility and the resultant low productivity. All of it adversely affects the quality of life in a mainly agrarian economy. In 2001, 32.6% of the people in Bankura district were farmers, 37.1% were agricultural labourers and 30.3% were engaged in non-agricultural occupations.[17]

In Bankura district 41.52% of families were living below poverty line. It was much higher than the state level (27.02% in 1999-2000). There is an uneven distribution of poverty in the district. The economically backward areas are mostly located in the western and southern portions of the district. These are in the hilly and lateritic zone. Towards the north-west the undulations become more prominent. The annual rainfall varies between 1,100 mm and 1,400 mm, it comes mostly during a four-month period of June to September and is erratic. Fluctuating rainfall with inermittent spells of drought takes a heavy toll of the agricultural output. On the other hand, the entire Bishnupur subdivision and some of the CD Blocks in the eastern part of the district, such as Gangajalghati, Barjora, Onda, Simlapal and Taldangra, have extensive flat rice fields with the promise of rich harvests.[17]

Out of the total geographical area of 687,387 hecatares in the district 241,992 hectares are under single crop, 106,748 hectares are under double crop, 119,214 hectares are forested, 20,712 hectares have open forest, 50,784 hectares have degraded forests and 33,002 hectares have eroded lands. The primary source of ground water is rainfall. Both Kangsabati and Damodar irrigation projects provide good surface irrigation but with the passage of time the canal system has lost much of its efficiency. The 88 km long west bank canal from Durgapur Barrage passes through Barjora, Sonamukhi, Patrasayer and Indas police station areas. The Kangsabati Project, with a designed irrigable area of 153,462 hectares in Bankura district, covers 13 CD Blocks in Bankura district, 20 CD Blocks in Paschim Medinipur and 2 CD Blocks in Hooghly district. CD Blocks covered in Bankura are: Bankura, Bishnupur, Kotulpur, Joypur, Onda, Indpur, Khatra, Hirbandh, Raipur, Sarenga, Simlapal, Taldangra and Ranibandh. Under the minor irrigation programme, 2,703 hectares are irrigated from dugwells, 50,293 hectares from shallow tubewells, 3,496 hectares from deep tubewells, 59,787 hectares from surface flow, 10,758 hectares from surface lift in Bankura district.[17]

Migration has been observed in the following CD Blocks of Bankura district: Bankura I, Chhatna, Saltora, Indpur, Ranibandh, Hirbandh, Khatra, Raipur and Sarenga. Although authentic figures are not available, a sample survey has been done. According to the sample survey, around 54.5% to 85.4% of the families on an average migrate from these blocks. Another study shows that around 23% of the people from the under-privileged blocks in the western and southern Bankura migrate. Those migrating belong mostly to the SC or ST population. They migrate for periods varying from 15 days to 6/8 months. Most people migrate to meet their food deficit and go to Bardhaman and Hooghly districts but some go to Gujarat and Maharashtra as construction labour.[17]

(Note: Certain topics, such as Geography, Literacy, Education, Healthcare etc., are not/not fully covered here and are covered elsewhere in this page.)

Economy

Infrastructure

In 2013-14, Onda CD Block had 26.00 km of surfaced roads under PWD, 38.81 km surfaced roads and 26.57 km unsurfaced roads under Zilla Parishad, 29.00 km surfaced roads and 497.00 km unsurfaced roads under Gram Panchayat and Panchayat Samiti and 89.70 km surfaced roads under Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana.[18]

259 or 89% of mouzas in Onda CD Block were electrified by 31 March 2014. The total consumption of electricity in Bankura district in 2013-14 was 484,590 KWH, out of which 252,531 KWH or 52.1% was for domestic consumption and 52,117 KWH or 10.75% was for agricultural irrigation and dewatering.[18]

291 (all) mouzas in Onda CD Block had drinking water facilities in 2013-14. There were 125 fertiliser depots, 12 seed stores and 76 fair price shops in the CD Block.[18]

Agriculture

In Bankura district in 2010-11, 34.92% of the operational holdings were held in marginal holdings of less than 1 hectare by 68.22% of the holders. Another 31.16% of the operational holdings were held in small holdings between 1 and 2 hectares by 21.05% of the holders. In Bankura district, 23,389 hectares of vested land was distributed amongst 191,915 beneficiaries up to 31 October 2013.[18]

In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Onda CD Block could be classified as follows: bargadars 12.99%, patta (document) holders 9.32%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 6.96%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 21.44% and agricultural labourers 49.29%.[18]

In 2003-04 net area sown in Onda CD Block was 26,981 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 6,712 hectares.[19]

In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Onda CD Block was 18,667 hectares, out of which 9,796 hectares was by canal water, 900 hectares by tank water, 1,140 hectares by river lift irrigation, 606 hectares by deep tubewells, 6,080 hectares by shallow tubewell, 30 hectares by open dug wells and 115 hectares by other methods.[18]

In 2013-14, Onda CD Block produced 53,122 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 19,947 hectares, 6,525 tonnes of Aus paddy from 2,246 hectares, 15,395 tonnes of Boro paddy from 5,020 hectares, 969 tonnes of wheat from 327 hectares and 44,557,000 tonnes of potatoes from 1,984 hectares. It also produced pulses and mustard.[18]

Pisciculture

In Onda CD Block, the net area under effective pisciculture was 2,526 hectares in 2013-14. 8,060 persons were engaged in the profession. Approxiate annual production was 70,728 quintals.[18]

Handloom industry

The handloom industry engages the largest number of persons in the non farm sector and hence is important in Bankura district. The handloom industry is well established in all the CD Blocks of the district and includes the famous Baluchari saris. In 2004-05 Onda CD Block had 749 looms in operation.[20]

Pottery

Bankura district is well known for the artistic excellence of its pottery products that include the famous Bankura horse. The range of pottery products is categorised as follows: domestic utilities, terracota and other decorative items and roofing tiles and other heavy pottery items. Domestic utilities include cooking utensils, pitchers and water containers. These are produced in the following CD Blocks: Indpur, Gangajalghati, Ranibandh, Khatra, Hirbandh, Sonamukhi, Indus, Mejia, Raipur, Sarenga, Onda, Saltora, Chhatna, Joypur, Bankura I, Bankura II, Taldangra, Simlapal, Barjora, Bishnupur and Patrasayer. The terracotta and decorative items include horse, elephant, tiger, ox, flower vase, Mansa Saj, ash-tray and other items of religious use. These are produced in the following CD Blocks: Taldangra, Sonamukhi, Sarenga, Bankura I and Bankura II. Roofing tiles and well rings are produced in Saltora and Simlpal CD Blocks. Around 3,200 families were involved in pottery making in the district in 2002. 234 families were involved in Onda CD Block. [21]

Banking

In 2013-14, Onda CD Block had offices of 9 commercial banks and 3 gramin banks.[18]

Transport

In 2013-14, Onda CD Block had 2 ferry services and 7 originating/ terminating bus routes.[18]

The Kharagpur-Adra line of South Eastern Railway passes through this CD Block. There are stations at Ondagram and Ramsagar.[22]

NH 14, (old numbering NH 60), running from Morgram to Kharagpur, passes through this CD Block.[23]

Education

In 2013-14, Onda CD Block had 246 primary schools with 24,146 students, 32 middle schools with 3,711 students, 16 high schools with 14,390 students and 12 higher secondary schools with 8,442 students. Onda CD Block had 1 general college with 1,180 students and 385 institutions for special and non-formal education with 14,880 students.[24]

Culture

Siddheshwara Temple at Bahulara

Bahulara, a census village under Onda II village panchayat, is the site of the Siddheshwara temple dedicated to Shiva. It is the finest specimen of brick rekha deul temple ascribed to Pala (medieval) period.[25] It is about 5 km from Ondagram railway station, midway between Bankura and Vishnupur.[26]

At Onda a Dol Mela is held every year for nine days starting on the day of Holi. Datina is a culturally enriched village, situated under Medinipur Gram Panchyat. Here (at Uporpara) a Mela is also held every year for five days starting on Buddha Purnima.

Healthcare

In 2014, Onda CD Block had 1 rural hospital and 5 primary health centres with total 66 beds and 12 doctors. It had 35 family welfare sub centres and 1 family welfare centre. 3,807 patients were treated indoor and 252,239 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block. [27]

References

  1. 1 2 O’Malley, L.S.S. "Bengal District Gazetteers: Bankura". Bankura District Authorities. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 O’Malley, L.S.S., ICS, Bankura, Bengal District Gazetteers, pp. 1-20, first published 1908, 1995 reprint, Government of West Bengal
  3. ↑ "Kangsabati Reservoir Project". Irrigation and Waterways Department. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 "Onda Block". onefivenine. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  5. ↑ "Tehsil Map of Bankura". CD Block/ Tehsil. Maps of India. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  6. ↑ "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura". Tables 2.1, 2.2,. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  7. ↑ "District Census Handbook: Bankura" (PDF). Map of Bankura with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page). Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  8. ↑ "Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal". Bankura - Revised in March 2008. Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
  9. 1 2 3 4 "C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA)". 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  10. ↑ "Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, Bankura District". Census of India 2001. Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  11. ↑ "Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4". Census of India 2001. Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  12. ↑ "Bankura District: Census 2011 data". 2016 Digital Trends. Census Population 2015 Data. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
  13. 1 2 "Provisional population tables and annexures" (PDF). Census 2011:Table 2(3) Literates and Literacy rates by sex. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
  14. 1 2 3 4 "District Human Development Report: Bankura" (PDF). April 2007. Pages: 150-120, 121-123, 131. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  15. 1 2 3 "C1 Population by Religious Community". West Bengal. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  16. ↑ "ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table". West Bengal. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 "District Human Development Report: Bankura" (PDF). April 2007. Pages: 1-8, 18, 27- 47, 237-243. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura". Tables 21.1, 8.2, 8.2(a), 5.1, 5.1(b), 16.1, 17.2, 18.2, 18.1, 18.3, 20.1, 21,2, 4.1, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  19. ↑ "District Human Development Report: Bankura" (PDF). April 2007. Page: 58. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  20. ↑ "District Human Development Report: Bankura" (PDF). April 2007. Page: 85. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  21. ↑ "District Human Development Report: Bankura" (PDF). April 2007. Pages: 83-84. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  22. ↑ "68089 Midnapore-Adra Memu". Time Table. indiarailinfo. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  23. ↑ "Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways" (PDF). New Delhi: Department of Road Transport and Highways. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  24. ↑ "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura". Tables 4.4. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  25. ↑ "Bahulara". West Bengal. blessingsonthenet.com. Retrieved 17 March 2008.
  26. ↑ "Bahulara". India9.com. Retrieved 17 March 2008.
  27. ↑ "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura". Tables 3.1, 3.2, 3.3. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
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