On Certainty

On Certainty (German: Über Gewißheit) is a philosophical book composed from the notes written by Ludwig Wittgenstein just prior to his death. Some of the notes were left at the home of G. E. M. Anscombe, who later compiled the notes into a book.

The book's concerns are largely epistemological, its main theme being that there are some things which must be exempt from doubt in order for human practices to be possible (i.e. 'doubt' being a practice as well). The book takes as its starting point the 'here is one hand' argument made by G. E. Moore and examines the place of claims to know in our knowledge.

Another important point is his claim that all doubt is embedded into underlying beliefs and therefore that the most radical forms of doubt must be rejected since they form a contradiction within the system that expressed them. Wittgenstein also provides a novel refutation of various forms of philosophical skepticism. The book was published posthumously in 1969 from notebooks written in the last two years of his life.

External links

On Certainty - translation by Denis Paul and G. E. M. Anscombe
Jesús Padilla Gálvez; Margit Gaffal (Hrsg.): Doubtful Certainties. Language-Games, Forms of Life, Relativism. Ontos Verlag, Frankfurt a. M., Paris, Lancaster, New Brunswick, 2012. (ISBN 978-3-86838-171-9) ()

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Family	Margaret Stonborough-Wittgenstein Karl Wittgenstein Paul Wittgenstein Works associated with Paul Wittgenstein

Early work	Picture theory of language Truth tables

Later work	Language-game Private language argument Family resemblance Rule following Form of life Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics

Publications	Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus Some Remarks on Logical Form Blue and Brown Books Philosophical Remarks Philosophical Investigations On Certainty Culture and Value Remarks on Frazer's Golden Bough Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics Zettel Remarks on Colour Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology, and Religious Belief

Movements	Analytic philosophy Linguistic turn Ideal language philosophy Logical atomism Logical positivism Ordinary language philosophy Wittgensteinian fideism Quietism

Friends	G. E. M. Anscombe R. B. Braithwaite Rudolf Carnap Paul Engelmann John Maynard Keynes Peter Geach Norman Malcolm G. E. Moore David Pinsent Frank P. Ramsey Rush Rhees Bertrand Russell Moritz Schlick Francis Skinner Piero Sraffa Vienna Circle Friedrich Waismann Peter Winch G. H. von Wright

Biographers	David Edmonds Ray Monk William Warren Bartley

Secondary sources	A. J. Ayer Gordon Baker James F. Conant Cora Diamond Terry Eagleton Peter Hacker Saul Kripke Anthony Kenny Warren Goldfarb Stanley Cavell D. Z. Phillips Colin McGinn Jaakko Hintikka Oswald Hanfling A. C. Grayling Rupert Read Barry Stroud Stephen Toulmin Crispin Wright Fergus Kerr

Miscellaneous	Cambridge Apostles Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club Haidbauer incident Haus Wittgenstein Fritz Mauthner

Film	Wittgenstein (film)

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On Certainty

See also

External links