Molly Childers

Mary Alden Osgood Childers, MBE (14 December 1875 – 1 January 1964)[1] was an American-born Irish writer and Irish nationalist. She was the daughter of Dr Hamilton Osgood and Margaret Cushing Osgood of Beacon Hill, Boston, Massachusetts. Her older sister was Gretchen Osgood Warren. Molly married the writer and Irish nationalist, Robert Erskine Childers. Their son Erskine Hamilton Childers, would be elected the fourth President of Ireland.

Early life and family

Childers, affectionately called "Molly", was born into a reputable Bostonian family that lived at 8 Beacon Street on Beacon Hill, Boston, Massachusetts. Physically disabled from the age of three following a skating accident, Childers was educated at home and wasn't mobile for the first 12 years of her life.[2] Eventually she was able to move enough to ride horses, but she was never capable of walking without crutches.[3] Her father, Dr Osgood, was a student of Dr Louis Pasteur and spent time with him in France. It was this research with Pasteur that enabled him to bring the first rabies antitoxin back to Boston, and in turn America.[4] The Osgood's ancestry was directly linked to John Quincy Adams and Anne Hutchinson, and Molly was very proud and outspoken about this connection.[5] Molly's mother Margaret Cushing Osgood encouraged her to read and to pursue a life in academia, as her disability would hinder other careers. The Osgood family home on Beacon Street was next door to the Boston Athenæum. Molly spent years of her childhood inside this library, reading for hours every day; several members of the Osgood family were among the first proprietors of the institution.[6][7][8]

Marriage

In late 1903, Molly was seated next to Erskine Childers at a dinner given by her aunt on Beacon Hill.[9] Erskine was in Boston on a ceremonial trip with Lord Denbigh and the Honourable Artillery Company.[10] By January 1904, after some weeks of courtship, the two were married at Trinity Church in Boston.[11] One Boston newspaper described their wedding as the most "distinguished gathering" of the season [12]

Charities

During World War I, Molly was involved in politically difficult work with the Committee for Relief in Belgium. Due to the changing diplomatic situation with Germany during 1915–1918, the Belgian wartime refugees displaced by the conflict were at the centre of a cross-channel tug-of-war over the supply of desperately needed aid. Molly raised funds for them alongside her sister and mother. In 1918, King George V conferred an MBE on her for this work.[13] She was also awarded the Médaille de la Reine Elisabeth from Queen Elisabeth of Belgium. She and her husband Erskine Childers were members of the Irish White Cross Society, which existed before the Irish Red Cross, she as a trustee, and he as a member of its executive committee.[14] Activist Maud Gonne was also a member of this organisation.[15] From 1916 to 1918 Molly was honorary secretary of the Chelsea War Refugees Fund.[16][17] After the Great War, in 1920 she joined the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), one of the world's oldest peace organisations, later to be merged into the UNESCO of the United Nations.

Ireland and Republicanism

She was central to the July 1914 Irish Volunteers Howth gun-running on her and her husband's yacht Asgard. A photograph taken at the time with fellow-sailor Mary Spring Rice shows her beside the rifles and ammunition boxes.

Allegation of spying

In 2006, historian Michael T. Foy published a book "Michael Collins's Intelligence War: The Struggle Between The British and the IRA 1919–1921"[18] in which he suggested that Molly Childers might have been a spy for the British during the Irish War of Independence. Foy speculated that she volunteered for British intelligence before the couple moved to Ireland in 1918.[19] The claim was described by reviewers in Irish newspapers as "dramatic",[20] "sensational"[21] and "a bottle of smoke".[22]

The author discovered in British archives a series of intelligence reports which appeared to indicate that a woman with high-level access to Sinn Féin had been passing intelligence to the British forces. However, the name of the agent had been obscured by blue pencil in the British files stored in the UK National Archives at Kew.[21] The author noted circumstantial evidence which, in his opinion, suggested that Molly Childers might have been the spy, including the assertion that Childers had not shared her husband's enthusiasm for Irish independence, and the spy's use of American phraseology. He proposed that Molly Childers had "the qualities to carry off such a dangerous role" and that she "consistently displayed intelligence, courage, decisiveness and single-minded determination", but acknowledged that there was no conclusive evidence.[20] However, Foy went beyond scholarly speculation when he claimed that Childers was the only person who could fit the profile of the spy.[23]

Nessa Childers, the daughter of Molly's son President Erskine Hamilton Childers, dismissed the evidence as "circumstantial", saying in a television interview that "it just doesn't fit with her character". She questioned the evidence that the spy was female, and noted that "Up until the day she died she had photographs of Liam Mellows, Liam Brady and Rory O'Connor on her bedside and she revered them. It doesn't follow that such a person could have put those people's lives at risk."[23]

Historian Peter Hart, who has consistently challenged republican historiography, said that Foy's theory "does seem to fit the facts as presented", but noted that "all the other facts we know about thoroughly republican Molly suggest that it simply cannot have been true, and there are other good reasons to be cautious". Hart noted that the inaccuracy of some of the intelligence suggested a source trying to tell British "hardliners just what they wanted to hear".[24]

Notes

  1. ↑ Martin, Francis Xavier (1964). The Howth gun-running and the Kilcoole gun-running, 1914. Dublin, Ireland: Brown and Nolan. p. vi. OCLC 3808331.
  2. ↑ Young , John "Erskine H Childers" (Colin Smythe) (1985) ISBN 0-86140-195-6 ;pg.5–7
  3. ↑ Green , Martin The Mount Vernon Street Warrens, ( Simon & Schuster) (1989) ISBN 0-684-19109-1, p.93
  4. ↑ Green , Martin The Mount Vernon Street Warrens, ( Simon & Schuster) (1989) ISBN 0-684-19109-1, p.150
  5. ↑ Boyle, Andrew. The Riddle of Erskine Childers. London: Hutchinson 1977. ISBN 0-09-128490-2 pg 121–123
  6. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=trRJyC0GtXAC&dq=boston%20athenaeum%20proprietors&pg=PA25#v=onepage&q=osgood&f=false : Register of the Proprietors of the Boston Athenaeum, 1898
  7. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=1q8ZAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA89&dq=boston+athenaeum+proprietors&hl=en&ei=K17RTYnlBYHt0gGDjvXmDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=osgood&f=false : The Athenaeum centenary: the influence and history of the Boston Athenaeum, 1907
  8. ↑ Cox, Tom "Damned Englishman: A Study Of Erskine Childers (1870–1922)" Exposition Press ,1975 ISBN 0-682-47821-0 pg.32
  9. ↑ http://www.jstor.org/pss/25080758 : Wilkinson, Erskine Childers & The Boston Connection
  10. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=5b4TAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PA59&dq=Honourable+artillery+company+1903+boston&hl=en&ei=62TRTc7xDKb50gHV78D0Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Honourable%20artillery%20company%201903%20boston&f=false : Annual record of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts
  11. ↑ http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9904EEDC1E3AE733A25755C0A9679C946597D6CF&scp=2&sq=childers+osgood&st=p : New York Times, 5 January 1904
  12. ↑ Boston Globe Newspaper, 6 January 1904
  13. ↑ Boyle, Andrew. The Riddle of Erskine Childers. London: Hutchinson 1977. ISBN 0-09-128490-2 pg 239
  14. ↑ https://archive.org/details/reportofirishwhi00irisrich Report of the Irish White Cross to 31 August 1922 : Internet Archive
  15. ↑ http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=17860 : British Pathe clip on Irish White Cross Society
  16. ↑ http://s-www.tlemea.com/waw.asp?view=norm&cmd=nav&imageCount=1&number=761&xpage=/SANdata/Women@Work/xml/reel5/6_52/bel-006-052-002.xml&DocId=11382&HitCount=1&hits=c0+  : 1918 Letter from Molly Childers in the Imperial War Museum, London
  17. ↑ http://s-www.tlemea.com/waw.asp?view=norm&cmd=nav&imageCount=16&number=767&xpage=/SANdata/Women@Work/xml/reel5/6_52/bel-006-052-011.xml&DocId=11391&HitCount=9&hits=2df+375+3c1+44f+635+663+673+68f+757+
  18. ↑ Foy, Michael T. (March 2006). Michael Collins's Intelligence War: The Struggle Between the British and the IRA – 1919–1921. Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-4267-6.
  19. ↑ "Mother of former president 'was a spy for British'". The Irish Independent. 26 April 2006. Retrieved 27 April 2008.
  20. 1 2 Dukes, Alan (29 April 2006). "Molly, the alleged of Collins's war". The Irish Independent. Retrieved 27 April 2008.
  21. 1 2 Emmanuel Kehoe (16 April 2006). "Collins book's startling claim on Molly Childers". Sunday Business Post. Retrieved 27 April 2008.
  22. ↑ "IRA has good historical reasons to be obsessed with spies in the camp". The Irish Examiner. 3 June 2006. Retrieved 11 March 2009.
  23. 1 2 Liam Reid (24 April 2006). "Grandmother no spy, says daughter of late president". The Irish Times. Retrieved 27 April 2008.
  24. ↑ Peter Hart (6 May 2006). "Piecing the intelligence together". The Irish Times. Retrieved 27 April 2008.

References

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