Military equipment of Israel
The military equipment of Israel includes a wide array of arms, armored vehicles, artillery, missiles, planes, helicopters, and warships. Many of these are purchased overseas and many are indigenous designs. Until the Six-Day War of 1967, the Israel Defense Forces' principal supplier was France; since then, it has been the United States government and defense companies. In the early 21st century, Israeli companies such as Soltam Systems began selling arms to the United States.[1] Much of the military equipment undergoes improvements in Israeli workshops. In addition to weapons purchased overseas and indigenous products, Israel also operates and maintains large stockpiles of Soviet-made equipment captured from Arab armies over the course of the Arab-Israeli Conflict.[2]
History
During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the military equipment in the IDF was very diverse and inconsistent. This was due to the severe limitation in obtaining war materiel (the British Mandate and the Arab embargo). During the 1950s, the IDF began the process of standardization, relying primarily on French military equipment.
During the Six Day War, the military cooperation with France ceased (the French Weapons Embargo of 1967) and Israel began to rely on American weaponry and on local research and development. During the 1980s and 1990s, the IDF increased its supplies of American arms, armor and aircraft, aiming for technological superiority over Arab countries, toward "a smaller, smarter army".
The reliance on locally manufactured military equipment has also greatly increased. Today, the overwhelming majority of Israel's military equipment is either manufactured in the United States (and often modified in Israeli workshops), or is developed and manufactured locally, with an increasing emphasis on advanced technology, including aerospace and electronics.
Local military development
Some of the military equipment developed locally have been:
Ground forces equipment
Small arms
Name | Image | Type | Caliber | Origin | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pistols | ||||||
Jericho 941[4] | Semi-Automatic Pistol | 9×19mm | Israel | |||
Glock 17[5] | Semi-Automatic Pistol | 9×19mm | Austria | |||
Glock 19[6] | Semi-Automatic Pistol | 9×19mm | Austria | |||
Browning Hi-Power[6] | Semi-Automatic Pistol | 9×19mm | Belgium | |||
Beretta M1951[4] | Semi-Automatic Pistol | 9×19mm | Italy | |||
Heckler & Koch P11[4] | Underwater pistol | 7.62×36mm | Germany | |||
Submachine guns | ||||||
IMI Uzi[7] | Submachine Gun | 9×19mm | Israel | Uzi, Mini-Uzi and Micro-Uzi used. | ||
Ingram MAC-10[4] | Submachine Gun | 9×19mm | United States | |||
IMI Micro Tavor MTAR-21[4] | Submachine Gun and Bullpup Assault Rifle | 9×19mm 5.56×45mm | Israel | Variant of the Tavor Assault Rifle, replacing the Uzi, and becoming the standard issue assault rifle | ||
Semi-automatic rifle | ||||||
Suppressed Ruger 10/22[6][8] | | Semiautomatic rifle | .22 LR | United States | Adopted for non-lethal crowd control. | |
Assault rifles | ||||||
IMI Tavor TAR-21[4] | Assault Rifle | 5.56×45mm | Israel | Variants used are MTAR-21 (X95), TAR-21, GTAR-21, STAR-21 and CTAR-21 | ||
M4 Carbine[4] | Assault Rifle | 5.56×45mm | United States | |||
M16A1[9] | Assault Rifle | 5.56×45mm | United States | |||
CAR-15[6] | Assault Rifle | 5.56×45mm | United States | |||
IMI Galil[4][7] | Assault Rifle | 5.56×45mm | Israel | Variants used are Galil AR and Galil SAR | ||
IMI Micro Galil | Assault Rifle | 5.56×45mm | Israel | Highly compact version of the Galil | ||
AKM[4][7][10] | Assault Rifle | 7.62×39mm | Soviet Union | Captured from Arab armies over the course of the Arab-Israeli Conflict and used by Special Forces. | ||
AK-47[4][7][11] | Assault Rifle | 7.62×39mm | Soviet Union | Captured from Arab armies over the course of the Arab-Israeli Conflict and used by Special Forces. | ||
Battle rifles | ||||||
M14[4] | Battle Rifle | 7.62×51mm | United States | |||
Light machine gun | ||||||
IMI Negev[4] | Light Machine Gun | 5.56×45mm | Israel | |||
Medium machine gun | ||||||
M1919 Browning | Medium Machine Gun | .30-06 Springfield | United States | |||
General purpose machine guns | ||||||
FN MAG[12] | General Purpose Machine Gun | 7.62×51mm | Belgium | |||
Negev NG7 | General Purpose Machine Gun | 7.62×51mm | Israel | |||
PKM[6] | General Purpose Machine Gun | 7.62×54mmR | Soviet Union | Captured from Arab armies over the course of the Arab-Israeli Conflict and used by Special Forces. | ||
Heavy machine guns | ||||||
Browning M2[4] | Heavy Machine Gun | 12.7×99mm | United States | Upgraded to M2HB-QCB | ||
Shotguns | ||||||
Remington 870[6] | Shotgun | 12 Gauge | United States | |||
Mossberg 500 | Shotgun | 12 Gauge | United States | |||
Armsel Striker | Revolving Shotgun | 12 Gauge | South Africa | Used for riot control | ||
Designated marksman rifles | ||||||
SR-25[6] | Designated marksman rifle | 7.62×51mm | United States | |||
IMI Galatz | Designated marksman rifle | 7.62×51mm | Israel | Sniper variant of the Galil | ||
M89SR[6] | Designated marksman rifle | 7.62×51mm | Israel | |||
Sniper rifles | ||||||
M24[6] | Sniper Rifle | 7.62×51mm | United States | |||
HTR 2000 | Sniper Rifle | .338 Lapua | United States | |||
Barrett M82 | Anti-materiel rifle | 12.7×99mm | United States | |||
Hand grenades | ||||||
M26A2 | Fragmentation Grenade | n/a | Israel | Based on the American M26 grenade | ||
IDF M48 | Stun grenade | n/a | Israel | Based on the American M84 stun grenade |
Rocket and grenade launchers
Name | Image | Type | Caliber | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
B-300 | Shoulder-launched Rocket | 82mm | Israel | ||
RPG-7 | Shoulder-launched Rocket | 85mm | Soviet Union | ||
Shipon | Shoulder-launched Rocket | 83mm | Israel | ||
M72 LAW | Shoulder-launched Rocket | 66mm | United States | ||
MATADOR | Shoulder-launched Rocket | 90mm | Israel Singapore | ||
M79[4] | Stand-alone Grenade Launcher | 40mm | United States | ||
M203[4] | Under-Barrel Grenade Launcher | 40mm | United States | ||
Mk 19[4] | Automatic Grenade Launcher | 40mm | United States | ||
Mk 47 Striker | Automatic Grenade Launcher | 40mm | United States |
Missiles
Name | Image | Type | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Spike | Anti-Tank Missile | Israel | ||
BGM-71 TOW | Anti-Tank Missile | United States | ||
LAHAT | Anti-Tank Missile | Israel | ||
MAPATS | Anti-Tank Missile | Israel | ||
Nimrod | Long-range anti-tank missile | Israel | ||
M47 Dragon | Anti-Tank Missile | United States |
Vehicles
Name | Image | Type | Number in Service[13] | Origin | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Main battle tanks | ||||||
Merkava Mark IV | Main Battle Tank | 660 | Israel | In active service | ||
Merkava Mark III | Main Battle Tank | 781 | Israel | In active service | ||
Merkava Mark II | Main Battle Tank | 400 | Israel | Some in active service/some in reserve [14] | ||
Merkava Mark I | Main Battle Tank | 180 | Israel | In reserve, to be retired[14] | ||
Magach 7 | Main Battle Tank | 1,600 | United States Israel | Retired, based on the American M60 Patton, to be sold or scrapped[14] | ||
Armoured personnel carriers | ||||||
M113 | Armored Personnel Carrier | 6,131 | United States Israel | |||
IDF Achzarit | Heavy Armored Personnel Carrier | 215 | Israel | Based on the T-54 Tank | ||
Nagmachon | Heavy Armored Personnel Carrier | N/A | United Kingdom Israel | Based on the Centurion Tank | ||
Nakpadon | Heavy Armored Personnel Carrier | N/A | United Kingdom Israel | Based on the Centurion Tank | ||
Nakpuma | Heavy Combat Engineering/Armored Personnel Carrier | N/A | United Kingdom Israel | Based on the Centurion Tank | ||
Namer | Heavy Armored Personnel Carrier | 120 | Israel | 531 planned to be in service by 2027. Based on the Merkava chassis. | ||
Utility vehicles | ||||||
Wolf | Armored Vehicle | 300 | Israel | |||
AIL Storm | Utility vehicle | 700 | Israel | |||
HMMWV | Utility vehicle | 2,000+ | United States | |||
MDT David | Utility vehicle | 400 | United Kingdom Israel | Based on the Land Rover Defender | ||
Plasan Sand Cat | Utility Vehicle | 79 | Israel | |||
Otokar Akrep | Armored Vehicle | 30 | Turkey | [15] | ||
Trucks | ||||||
AIL Abir | 4×4 Truck | N/A | Israel | |||
M35 | 8×12 Truck | N/A | United States | |||
Unimog 437 | Heavy Truck | N/A | Germany | |||
HEMTT | 8×8 Heavy Truck | N/A | United States | |||
Engineering vehicles | ||||||
Puma | Heavy Combat Engineering Vehicle | N/A | United Kingdom Israel | Based on the Centurion Tank | ||
CAT D9 | Combat Armored Bulldozer | 175 | United States Israel | Bulldozer manufactured by Caterpillar Inc., military conversion and armor by Israel. | ||
M548 Alfa | Cargo & Ammunition Carrier | N/A | United States Israel | Based on the M113 | ||
M60 AVLB | Armored Bridge Layer | 10 | United States | |||
Nemmera | Armored Recovery Vehicle | N/A | Israel | Based on the Merkava | ||
M88 | Armored Recovery Vehicle | 25 | United States | |||
Nagmapop | Command & Surveillance vehicle | N/A | United Kingdom Israel | Based on the Centurion Tank | ||
AIL Desert Raider | Dune Buggy | N/A | Israel | |||
VIPeR | Unmanned Ground Vehicle | N/A | Israel | |||
Guardium | Unmanned Ground Vehicle | N/A | Israel | |||
Black Thunder | Unmanned Bulldozer | N/A | United States Israel | Based on the Caterpillar D9[16] |
Artillery
Name | Image | Type | Number in Service[13] | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M109 | 155mm Self-Propelled Howitzer | 600 | United States Israel | Upgraded as the M109 Doher. Based on the M109A5. Replacement program initiated,[17] candidates include ATMOS 2000 and the Artillery Gun Module.[18] | |
Soltam M-71 | 155mm Towed Howitzer | 300 | Israel | ||
Soltam M-68 | 155mm Self-Propelled Howitzer | 50 | Israel | In reserve | |
Pereh | Guided Missile Carrier | ? | Israel | Declassified June 2015 | |
M270 | Multiple Rocket Launcher | 48 | United States | ||
Cardom SP | 120mm Self-Propelled Mortar | 64 | Israel | ||
Soltam M-65 | 120mm Mortar | 250 | Israel | ||
M113 Tamuz | Missile Launching Vehicle | N/A | Israel | Spike Missiles launched from an M113 chassis[19] | |
LAR-160 | 160mm artillery rocket | Israel | |||
Extended Range Artillery Rocket (EXTRA) | Long-range artillery rocket | Israel | 150km range[20] |
Air defense
Name | Image | Type | Number in Service[13] | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Machbet | Air Defense Vehicle | 400 | United States Israel | Based on the M163 VADS | |
FIM-92 Stinger | Shoulder-launched Surface-to-air missile | 500 | United States | ||
FIM-43 Redeye | Shoulder-launched Surface-to-air missile | N/A | United States | ||
ZSU-23-4 | Air Defense Vehicle | 60[21] | Soviet Union | ||
Bofors L/70 | 40mm Anti-Aircraft Gun | N/A | Sweden | ||
ZU-23-2 | 23mm Anti-Aircraft Gun | N/A | Soviet Union | ||
TCM-20 | 20mm Anti-Aircraft Gun | N/A | France Switzerland Israel | ||
Air forces equipment
- Note there are multiple sources and these provide different figures:
Aircraft | Origin | Type | Versions | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
By INSS | By FlightGlobal | By IISS | ||||
Fighter aircraft | ||||||
Boeing F-15 Eagle | United States | air superiority fighter | F-15A "Baz" | 52[22] | 42[23] | 16[24] |
F-15C "Baz" | 17[24] | |||||
F-15B "Baz" | 16[23] | 6[24] | ||||
F-15D "Baz" | 11[24] | |||||
Boeing F-15E Strike Eagle | United States | strike fighter | F-15I "Ra'am" | 25[22] | 25[23] | 25[24] |
General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon | United States | multirole fighter | F-16A "Netz" | 107[22] | 63[23][25] | 77[24] |
F-16B "Netz" | 16[24] | |||||
F-16C "Barak" | 136[22] | 77[23][25] | 78[24] | |||
F-16D "Barak" | 49[23][25] | 49[24] | ||||
F-16I "Sufa" | 100[22] | 99[23] | 99[24] | |||
Trainer aircraft | ||||||
Grob G-120 | Germany | trainer aircraft | G-120AI "Snunit" | 27[22] | 17[23] | 17[24] |
Beechcraft T-6 Texan II | United States | trainer aircraft | T-6A "Efroni" | 19[22] | 20[23] | 20[24] |
McDonnell Douglas A-4 Skyhawk | United States | ground attack / trainer | A-4N, TA-4H/J "Ayit" | 20[22] | 20[26] | 46[24] |
Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master | Italy | transonic jet trainer | M-346 "Lavi" | 2 (30)[27] | ||
Transport / Aerial refueling / Aerial firefighting / Utility / Signals intelligence / Maritime patrol / AEW | ||||||
Air Tractor AT-802 | United States | aerial firefighting | AT-802F | 8[22] | 7[23] | 3[24] |
Beechcraft Bonanza | United States | utility | A-36 "Khofit" | 22[22] | – | 22[24] |
Beechcraft Super King Air (C-12 Huron) | United States | utility / transport / trainer | B-200/T/CT "Tzofit" | 29[22] | 29[23] | 22[24] |
EW / ELINT / SIGINT | RC-12D/K "Kookiya" | 6[24] | ||||
IAI SeaScan | Israel | maritime patrol | 1124N "Shahaf" | 3[22] | 3[23] | 3[24] |
Gulfstream G550 | United States | SEMA | G500 "Nahshon-Shavit" | 3[22] | 3[23] | 3[24] |
CAEW | G550 "Nahshon-Eitam" | 2[22] | 2[23] | 2[24] | ||
Lockheed C-130 Hercules | United States | tactical transport | C-130E "Qarnaf" | 12[22] | 12[23] | 5[24] |
C-130H "Qarnaf" | 6[24] | |||||
aerial refueling | KC-130H "Qarnaf" | 3[22] | 4[23] | 4[24] | ||
Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules | United States | tactical transport | C-130J "Shimshon" | - | 1 (4)[28] | - |
Boeing 707 | United States | heavy transport / EW | 707 "Re'em" | 8[22] | 1[23] | 3[24] |
aerial refueling | KC-707 "Saknai" | 5[22] | 8[23] | 7[24] | ||
Helicopters | ||||||
Bell AH-1 Cobra | United States | attack helicopter | AH-1"Tzefa" | 33[22] | 49[23] | 47[24] |
Eurocopter Panther | France | maritime patrol | AS-565SA "Atalef" | 5[22] | 6[23] | 7[24] |
Boeing AH-64 Apache | United States | attack helicopter | AH-64A "Peten" | 30[22] | 26[29] | 27[24] |
AH-64D "Saraph" | 17[22] | 22[29] | 17[24] | |||
Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion | United States | heavy transport | CH-53 "Yas'ur 2000" | 37[22] | 18[30] | 26[24] |
CH-53 "Yas'ur 2025" | 5[30] | |||||
Sikorsky S-70 (UH-60 Black Hawk) | United States | tactical transport | S-70A / UH-60A/L "Yanshuf" | 49[22] | 48[23] | 49[24] |
Bell 206 (OH-58 Kiowa) | United States | light transport / trainer | 206B "Saifan" | – | 18[23] | 6[24] |
Unmanned aerial vehicles
Weaponry
- MIM-104 Patriot surface-to-air missile
- MIM-23 Hawk surface-to-air missile
- / Arrow anti-ballistic missile
- PB500A1 laser-guided hard-target penetration bomb
- M-85 cluster bomb
- CBU-58 cluster bomb
- Mk-20 Rockeye cluster bomb
- Mark 84 bomb
- MPR-500 penetration bomb
- Spice glide bomb
- GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb
- Shafrir missile
- Python air-to-air missile
- Popeye air-to-surface missile AKA AGM-142 Have Nap in US use
- Popeye Turbo SLCM suspected long range submarine-launched cruise missile, suspected nuclear weapon carrier
- Joint Direct Attack Munition guided bomb
- AGM-65 Maverick air-to-surface missile
- AGM-45 Shrike air-to-surface anti-radiation missile
- AGM-78 Standard ARM air-to-surface anti-radiation missile
- AGM-114 Hellfire air-to-surface anti-tank missile
- AGM-62 Walleye glide bomb
- AIM-120 AMRAAM air-to-air missile
- AGM-65 Maverick air-to-ground missile
- AIM-9 Sidewinder heat seeking air-to-air missile
- MIM-72 Chaparral surface-to-air missile
- Delilah cruise missile
- Iron Dome anti-rocket and mortar defense missile
- David's Sling surface-to-air missile
- Jericho II intermediate range ballistic missile, suspected nuclear
- Jericho III intercontinental ballistic missile, suspected nuclear
Naval forces equipment
Below are the IDF's active service watercraft. The year of service, speed, full load displacement, and crew members, are in parentheses.
Missile boats
- Sa'ar 4 class missile boat (1970s; 32 kt; 450 tons; 45 crew members)
- Sa'ar 4.5 class missile boat (1980s; 31 kt; 488 tons; 53 crew members)
Corvettes
- / Sa'ar 5-class corvette (1990s; 33 kt; 1,227 tons; 64 crew members)
Patrol boats
- Dabur (1970s; 19 kt; 39 tons; 9 crew members)
- Shaldag (1989; ?; 50 kt; 15 crew members)
- Super Dvora Mk II (1996; 46 kt; 54 tons; 10 crew members)
- Nachshol (1997; 40 kt; 12 tons; 5 crew members)
- Super Dvora Mk III (2004; 47 kt; 54 tons; 10 crew members)
Unmanned naval vehicles
Submarines
- Dolphin (1992; 11 kt, 20 kt underwater; 1,640 tons, 1,900 tons underwater; 30 crew members)
Commando boats
- Dolphin type underwater craft
- Maiale type underwater craft
- Snunit boat
- Zaharon boat
- Moulit boat
- Morena rigid-hull inflatable boat
Remote weapon systems
Space systems
- AMOS communications satellite
- EROS earth observation satellite
- Ofeq reconnaissance satellite
- TecSAR reconnaissance satellite
- Shavit space launch vehicle
Gallery
-
MLRS M-270 "Menatetz"
-
Iron Dome anti-rocket system launcher
-
Namer heavy armored personnel carrier
-
Typhoon Weapon Station armed with 25 mm gun
-
Merkava Mk II with mine rolers
-
IDF/AF UAV drones
-
IMI 120 mm tank shells
See also
References
- ↑ http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/US-Army-Wants-120mm-GPS-Guided-Mortars-to-Fight-Afghan-Insurgents-05990/
- ↑ Matthew M. Aid (10 September 2013). "Exclusive: Does Israel Have Chemical Weapons Too?". Foreign Policy.
Its sensitivities were galvanized by the capture of large quantities of Soviet CW-related equipment during both the 1967 Arab-Israeli and the 1973 Yom Kippur wars.
- ↑ http://tankandafvnews.com/2015/07/17/israeli-pereh-tank-officially-revealed/
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Jones, Richard (2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009-2010. Jane's Information Group. pp. 36, 380, 897. ISBN 0-7106-2869-2.
- ↑ Valpolini, Paolo (June 2009). "There are Two Types of Men in this World...". Armada International (Online). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 2009. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Israeli Special Forces Weapons Guide". Retrieved 2010-10-13.
- 1 2 3 4 Katz, Sam (1986). Israeli Defence Forces since 1973. Osprey Publishing. pp. 22, 56, 49. ISBN 0-85045-687-8.
- ↑ "Ruger 10/22 Suppressed Sniper Rifle" at ruger1022.com
- ↑ John Pike (2003-12-17). "Israel's army phases out country's iconic Uzi submachine gun". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
- ↑ Sweeney, Patrick (2005). The Gun Digest Book of the AR-15. Gun Digest Books. p. 131. ISBN 0-87349-947-6.
- ↑ Sweeney, Patrick (2005). The Gun Digest Book of the AR-15. Gun Digest Books. p. 131. ISBN 0-87349-947-6.
- ↑ Katz, Sam (1988). Israeli Elite Units since 1948. Osprey Publishing. p. 55. ISBN 0-85045-837-4.
- 1 2 3 "The Institute for National Security Studies", chapter Israel, 2010, September 20, 2010.
- 1 2 3 Israeli army is planning to sell second-hands Merkava main battle tanks and F-16 fighter aircraft - Armyrecognition.com, 16 July 2013
- ↑ "Israel", Studies (PDF), The Institute for National Security, November 20, 2014.
- ↑ Page, Lewis (31 March 2009). "Israelis' invulnerable, 60-tonne robot bulldozer force to double". The Register. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
- ↑ BARBARA OPALL-ROME. "Gun Makers Gear Up for $1B Israeli Contest" DefenseNews, October 19, 2013. Accessed: 20 October 2013.
- ↑ Israel Army wants to replace old 155mm howitzer M109 with Soltam or AGM artillery system - Armyrecognition.com, 30 October 2013
- ↑ http://www.jpost.com/VideoArticles/Video/Article.aspx?id=231945
- ↑ http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/israeli-air-force-acquires-long-range-imi-extra-rocket/2016/06/28/
- ↑ "Jane's". IHS (Global) Limited. Retrieved 7 August 2010. (subscription required (help)).
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 "Israel", Studies (PDF), The Institute for National Security, May 8, 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 "World Air Forces 2014". Flight International. Flight global. December 5, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 The Military Balance 2014, International Institute for Strategic Studies, February 5, 2014, p. 326.
- 1 2 3 "MiliCAS". Flight International (database). Flight global. July 27, 2012. Retrieved July 27, 2012. Shows the Israeli air force has an active fleet of 325 F-16s, including 126 General Electric F110-100-powered C/D examples.
- ↑ Arie Egozi (March 12, 2012). "Israel's M-346 selection fires up TOR joint venture". Flight International. Retrieved March 12, 2012.
- ↑ Israel receives first two Lavi trainers - 7/9/2014 - Flight Global
- ↑ Israel welcomes arrival of first C-130J transport - 4/9/2014 - Flight Global
- 1 2 "Israeli Apache upgrade adds avionics pod". October 8, 2013. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
- 1 2 "Israel acquires surplus CH-53 helicopters for spares". January 25, 2013. Retrieved January 26, 2013.