Messier 77

Messier 77
Hubble Space Telescope image of M77 core
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation	Cetus
Right ascension	2^h 42^m 40.7^s^[1]
Declination	−00° 00′ 48″^[1]
Redshift	1137 ± 3 km/s^[1]
Distance	47.0 Mly (14.4 Mpc)^[2]
Apparent magnitude (V)	9.6^[1]
Characteristics
Type	(R)SB(rs)b^[1]
Apparent size (V)	7′.1 × 6′.0^[1]
Notable features	One of the biggest galaxies of Messier's catalog. Inclination estimated to be 40°.^[2]
Other designations
Cetus A, M77, NGC 1068, UGC 2188, PGC 10266, Arp 37^[1]

Messier 77 (also known as NGC 1068) is a barred spiral galaxy about 47 million light-years away in the constellation Cetus. Messier 77 is an active galaxy with an Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN), which is obscured from view by astronomical dust at visible wavelengths. The diameter of the molecular disk and hot plasma associated with the obscuring material was first measured at radio wavelengths by the VLBA and VLA. The hot dust around the nucleus was subsequently measured in the mid-infrared by the MIDI instrument at the VLTI. It is the brightest^[3] Seyfert galaxy and is of type 2.^[2]

Messier 77's diameter is estimeed at 170,000 light-years.

Messier 77 broadband (RGB) seen by the Mount Lemmon SkyCenter.

Observation history

Messier 77 was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1780, who originally described it as a nebula. Méchain then communicated his discovery to Charles Messier, who subsequently listed the object in his catalog.^[4] Both Messier and William Herschel described this galaxy as a star cluster.^[4] Today, however, the object is known to be a galaxy.

X-ray source

X-ray source 1H 0244+001 in Cetus has been identified as Messier 77 (NGC 1068, M77).^[5]

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 1068. Retrieved 2006-11-18.
1 2 3 R. J. Rand; J. F. Wallin (2004). "Pattern Speeds BIMA-SONG Galaxies with Molecule-Dominated ISMs Using the Tremaine-Weinberg Method". The Astrophysical Journal. 614: 142–157. arXiv:astro-ph/0406426. Bibcode:2004ApJ...614..142R. doi:10.1086/423423.
↑ de Vaucouleurs, Gérard (1973). "Southern Galaxies.VI. Luminosity Distribution in the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1566". Astrophysical Journal. 181: 31–50. Bibcode:1973ApJ...181...31D. doi:10.1086/152028.
1 2 K. G. Jones (1991). Messier's Nebulae and Star Clusters (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-37079-5.
↑ Wood KS; Meekins JF; Yentis DJ; Smathers HW; McNutt DP; Bleach RD (1984). "The HEAO A-1 X-ray source catalog". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 56 (12): 507–649. Bibcode:1984ApJS...56..507W. doi:10.1086/190992.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Messier 77.

Messier 77 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
"StarDate: M77 Fact Sheet"
Spiral Galaxy M77 @ SEDS Messier pages
VLBA image of the month: radio continuum and water masers of NGC 1068
Press release about VLTI observations of NGC 1068
Gray, Meghan; Hardy, Liam. "M77 – Globular Cluster". Deep Space Videos. Brady Haran.
NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Messier 77 (10 May 2013)

New General Catalogue 1000 to 1499

NGC 1000 NGC 1001 NGC 1002 NGC 1003 NGC 1004 NGC 1005 NGC 1006 NGC 1007 NGC 1008 NGC 1009 NGC 1010 NGC 1011 NGC 1012 NGC 1013 NGC 1014 NGC 1015 NGC 1016 NGC 1017 NGC 1018 NGC 1019 NGC 1020 NGC 1021 NGC 1022 NGC 1023 NGC 1024 NGC 1025 NGC 1026 NGC 1027 NGC 1028 NGC 1029 NGC 1030 NGC 1031 NGC 1032 NGC 1033 NGC 1034 NGC 1035 NGC 1036 NGC 1037 NGC 1038 NGC 1039 NGC 1040 NGC 1041 NGC 1042 NGC 1043 NGC 1044 NGC 1045 NGC 1046 NGC 1047 NGC 1048 NGC 1049 NGC 1050 NGC 1051 NGC 1052 NGC 1053 NGC 1054 NGC 1055 NGC 1056 NGC 1057 NGC 1058 NGC 1059 NGC 1060 NGC 1061 NGC 1062 NGC 1063 NGC 1064 NGC 1065 NGC 1066 NGC 1067 NGC 1068 NGC 1069 NGC 1070 NGC 1071 NGC 1072 NGC 1073 NGC 1074 NGC 1075 NGC 1076 NGC 1077 NGC 1078 NGC 1079 NGC 1080 NGC 1081 NGC 1082 NGC 1083 NGC 1084 NGC 1085 NGC 1086 NGC 1087 NGC 1088 NGC 1089 NGC 1090 NGC 1091 NGC 1092 NGC 1093 NGC 1094 NGC 1095 NGC 1096 NGC 1097 NGC 1098 NGC 1099 NGC 1100 NGC 1101 NGC 1102 NGC 1103 NGC 1104 NGC 1105 NGC 1106 NGC 1107 NGC 1108 NGC 1109 NGC 1110 NGC 1111 NGC 1112 NGC 1113 NGC 1114 NGC 1115 NGC 1116 NGC 1117 NGC 1118 NGC 1119 NGC 1120 NGC 1121 NGC 1122 NGC 1123 NGC 1124 NGC 1125 NGC 1126 NGC 1127 NGC 1128 NGC 1129 NGC 1130 NGC 1131 NGC 1132 NGC 1133 NGC 1134 NGC 1135 NGC 1136 NGC 1137 NGC 1138 NGC 1139 NGC 1140 NGC 1141 NGC 1142 NGC 1143 NGC 1144 NGC 1145 NGC 1146 NGC 1147 NGC 1148 NGC 1149 NGC 1150 NGC 1151 NGC 1152 NGC 1153 NGC 1154 NGC 1155 NGC 1156 NGC 1157 NGC 1158 NGC 1159 NGC 1160 NGC 1161 NGC 1162 NGC 1163 NGC 1164 NGC 1165 NGC 1166 NGC 1167 NGC 1168 NGC 1169 NGC 1170 NGC 1171 NGC 1172 NGC 1173 NGC 1174 NGC 1175 NGC 1176 NGC 1177 NGC 1178 NGC 1179 NGC 1180 NGC 1181 NGC 1182 NGC 1183 NGC 1184 NGC 1185 NGC 1186 NGC 1187 NGC 1188 NGC 1189 NGC 1190 NGC 1191 NGC 1192 NGC 1193 NGC 1194 NGC 1195 NGC 1196 NGC 1197 NGC 1198 NGC 1199 NGC 1200 NGC 1201 NGC 1202 NGC 1203 NGC 1204 NGC 1205 NGC 1206 NGC 1207 NGC 1208 NGC 1209 NGC 1210 NGC 1211 NGC 1212 NGC 1213 NGC 1214 NGC 1215 NGC 1216 NGC 1217 NGC 1218 NGC 1219 NGC 1220 NGC 1221 NGC 1222 NGC 1223 NGC 1224 NGC 1225 NGC 1226 NGC 1227 NGC 1228 NGC 1229 NGC 1230 NGC 1231 NGC 1232 NGC 1233 NGC 1234 NGC 1235 NGC 1236 NGC 1237 NGC 1238 NGC 1239 NGC 1240 NGC 1241 NGC 1242 NGC 1243 NGC 1244 NGC 1245 NGC 1246 NGC 1247 NGC 1248 NGC 1249 NGC 1250 NGC 1251 NGC 1252 NGC 1253 NGC 1254 NGC 1255 NGC 1256 NGC 1257 NGC 1258 NGC 1259 NGC 1260 NGC 1261 NGC 1262 NGC 1263 NGC 1264 NGC 1265 NGC 1266 NGC 1267 NGC 1268 NGC 1269 NGC 1270 NGC 1271 NGC 1272 NGC 1273 NGC 1274 NGC 1275 NGC 1276 NGC 1277 NGC 1278 NGC 1279 NGC 1280 NGC 1281 NGC 1282 NGC 1283 NGC 1284 NGC 1285 NGC 1286 NGC 1287 NGC 1288 NGC 1289 NGC 1290 NGC 1291 NGC 1292 NGC 1293 NGC 1294 NGC 1295 NGC 1296 NGC 1297 NGC 1298 NGC 1299 NGC 1300 NGC 1301 NGC 1302 NGC 1303 NGC 1304 NGC 1305 NGC 1306 NGC 1307 NGC 1308 NGC 1309 NGC 1310 NGC 1311 NGC 1312 NGC 1313 NGC 1314 NGC 1315 NGC 1316 NGC 1317 NGC 1318 NGC 1319 NGC 1320 NGC 1321 NGC 1322 NGC 1323 NGC 1324 NGC 1325 NGC 1326 NGC 1327 NGC 1328 NGC 1329 NGC 1330 NGC 1331 NGC 1332 NGC 1333 NGC 1334 NGC 1335 NGC 1336 NGC 1337 NGC 1338 NGC 1339 NGC 1340 NGC 1341 NGC 1342 NGC 1343 NGC 1344 NGC 1345 NGC 1346 NGC 1347 NGC 1348 NGC 1349 NGC 1350 NGC 1351 NGC 1352 NGC 1353 NGC 1354 NGC 1355 NGC 1356 NGC 1357 NGC 1358 NGC 1359 NGC 1360 NGC 1361 NGC 1362 NGC 1363 NGC 1364 NGC 1365 NGC 1366 NGC 1367 NGC 1368 NGC 1369 NGC 1370 NGC 1371 NGC 1372 NGC 1373 NGC 1374 NGC 1375 NGC 1376 NGC 1377 NGC 1378 NGC 1379 NGC 1380 NGC 1381 NGC 1382 NGC 1383 NGC 1384 NGC 1385 NGC 1386 NGC 1387 NGC 1388 NGC 1389 NGC 1390 NGC 1391 NGC 1392 NGC 1393 NGC 1394 NGC 1395 NGC 1396 NGC 1397 NGC 1398 NGC 1399 NGC 1400 NGC 1401 NGC 1402 NGC 1403 NGC 1404 NGC 1405 NGC 1406 NGC 1407 NGC 1408 NGC 1409 NGC 1410 NGC 1411 NGC 1412 NGC 1413 NGC 1414 NGC 1415 NGC 1416 NGC 1417 NGC 1418 NGC 1419 NGC 1420 NGC 1421 NGC 1422 NGC 1423 NGC 1424 NGC 1425 NGC 1426 NGC 1427 NGC 1428 NGC 1429 NGC 1430 NGC 1431 NGC 1432 NGC 1433 NGC 1434 NGC 1435 NGC 1436 NGC 1437 NGC 1438 NGC 1439 NGC 1440 NGC 1441 NGC 1442 NGC 1443 NGC 1444 NGC 1445 NGC 1446 NGC 1447 NGC 1448 NGC 1449 NGC 1450 NGC 1451 NGC 1452 NGC 1453 NGC 1454 NGC 1455 NGC 1456 NGC 1457 NGC 1458 NGC 1459 NGC 1460 NGC 1461 NGC 1462 NGC 1463 NGC 1464 NGC 1465 NGC 1466 NGC 1467 NGC 1468 NGC 1469 NGC 1470 NGC 1471 NGC 1472 NGC 1473 NGC 1474 NGC 1475 NGC 1476 NGC 1477 NGC 1478 NGC 1479 NGC 1480 NGC 1481 NGC 1482 NGC 1483 NGC 1484 NGC 1485 NGC 1486 NGC 1487 NGC 1488 NGC 1489 NGC 1490 NGC 1491 NGC 1492 NGC 1493 NGC 1494 NGC 1495 NGC 1496 NGC 1497 NGC 1498 NGC 1499

Astronomical catalog List of NGC objects

Astronomical catalogs

Messier	M68 M69 M70 M71 M72 M73 M74 M75 M76 M77 M78 M79 M80 M81 M82 M83 M84 M85 M86

NGC	NGC 1063 NGC 1064 NGC 1065 NGC 1066 NGC 1067 NGC 1068 NGC 1069 NGC 1070 NGC 1071 NGC 1072 NGC 1073

PGC	PGC 10262 PGC 10263 PGC 10264 PGC 10265 PGC 10266 PGC 10267 PGC 10268 PGC 10269 PGC 10270

UGC	UGC 2184 UGC 2185 UGC 2186 UGC 2187 UGC 2188 UGC 2189 UGC 2190 UGC 2191 UGC 2192

Arp	Arp 31 Arp 32 Arp 33 Arp 34 Arp 35 Arp 36 Arp 37 Arp 38 Arp 39 Arp 40 Arp 41 Arp 42 Arp 43

Messier objects

List	M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M18 M19 M20 M21 M22 M23 M24 M25 M26 M27 M28 M29 M30 M31 M32 M33 M34 M35 M36 M37 M38 M39 M40 M41 M42 M43 M44 M45 M46 M47 M48 M49 M50 M51 M52 M53 M54 M55 M56 M57 M58 M59 M60 M61 M62 M63 M64 M65 M66 M67 M68 M69 M70 M71 M72 M73 M74 M75 M76 M77 M78 M79 M80 M81 M82 M83 M84 M85 M86 M87 M88 M89 M90 M91 M92 M93 M94 M95 M96 M97 M98 M99 M100 M101 M102 M103 M104 M105 M106 M107 M108 M109 M110

See also	Caldwell catalogue Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars Herschel 400 Catalogue Index Catalogue New General Catalogue Revised New General Catalogue

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List of notable Seyfert galaxies

Seyfert 1	Arakelian 120 Arakelian 564 Arp 102B 3C 59 ESO 141-055 ESO 198-G24 ESO 323-G077 ESO 362-18 Fairall 9 Fairall 51 H0557-385 1H 0419-577 1H 1707-495 IC 3599 IC 4329A IRAS 07598+6508 IRAS 13224-3809 IRAS 13349+1428 Markarian 6 Markarian 50 Markarian 79 Markarian 110 Markarian 279 Markarian 315 Markarian 334 Markarian 335 Markarian 359 Markarian 376 Markarian 423 Markarian 478 Markarian 507 Markarian 509 Markarian 609 Markarian 618 Markarian 704 Markarian 705 Markarian 817 Markarian 841 Markarian 896 Markarian 993 Markarian 1018 Markarian 1044 Markarian 1239 MCG -2-58-22 MCG-6-30-15 MGC +8-11-11 Messier 81 PG 1211+143 PG 1244+026 PG 1402+261 PG 1404+226 PKS 0558-504 PMN J0948+0022 RE J0134+396 SBS 0846+513 Ton S180 I Zw 1 III Zw 2 III Zw 77

Seyfert 2	Circinus Galaxy ESO 103-G35 ESO 428-G14 IC 2560 IC 3639 IRAS 05189-2524 IRAS 13197-1627 IRAS 18325-5926 IRAS 19014+4109 IRAS F01475-0740 Markarian 3 Markarian 34 Markarian 78 Markarian 176 Markarian 266 SW Markarian 273 Markarian 463 Markarian 477 Markarian 573 Markarian 1066 Markarian 1210 MCG-5-23-16 Messier 77 Messier 88 Messier 106 NGC 454E NGC 2788A NGC 4676B NGC 4922N Whirlpool Galaxy

Coordinates: 02^h 42^m 40.7^s, −00° 00′ 48″

Authority control	GND: 4517268-7

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