Martin Dunbar-Nasmith

Sir Martin Eric Dunbar-Nasmith
Martin Eric Nasmith
Born	(1883-04-01)1 April 1883 Barnes, Surrey
Died	29 June 1965(1965-06-29) (aged 82) Elgin, Elginshire
Buried at	Elgin Cemetery, Linkwood Road, New Elgin
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	Royal Navy
Years of service	1898–1946
Rank	Admiral
Commands held	East Indies Station (1932–1935) Plymouth Command (1938–1941) Western Approaches Command (1939–1941) Flag Officer-In-Charge, London (1942–45) Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom (1954–62)
Battles/wars	World War I World War II Operation Ariel
Awards	Victoria Cross Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Order of St. Olav (Norway) Polonia Restituta (Poland) Legion of Honour (France) Order of Orange Nassau (Netherlands) Croix de Guerre (France) Cross of Liberty II/2 (Estonia)
Relations	Sir James Dunbar-Nasmith (son) Rear Admiral David Dunbar-Nasmith (son)
Other work	Vice Chairman, Imperial War Graves Commission (1948–1954) Deputy Lieutenant and Vice-Lord Lieutenant, Morayshire

Admiral Sir Martin Eric Dunbar-Nasmith VC, KCB, KCMG (1 April 1883 – 29 June 1965) was a Royal Navy officer and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was born Martin Eric Nasmith, adding "Dunbar" to his surname in 1923.^[1]

Early life and education

Nasmith was born on 1 April 1883 at 136 Castelnau in Barnes, which was then in the county of Surrey and is now in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames.^[2]

Early career

Educated at Eastman's Royal Naval Academy in Winchester and HMS Britannia at Dartmouth, Nasmith joined the Royal Navy in 1898.^[3]

In May 1912, King George V was in HMY Victoria and Albert III in Weymouth Bay to witness Fleet manoeuvres. Because of heavy fog, the programme was disrupted, and the King expressed the desire to dive in a submarine. On Wednesday 8 May, he embarked on HM Submarine D4, under then Lieutenant Nasmith's command, and (in the words of The Times of May 10) "made a lengthy run in her when she was submerged." What made the occasion all the more remarkable was the presence on board of his second son, Prince Albert, who was to become King George VI, of Winston Churchill, (First Lord of the Admiralty and future World War II Prime Minister), and of then Captain Roger Keyes, Inspecting Captain of Submarines, who was to become the first Director of Combined Operations (the Commandos) in the early part of World War II. Former Prime Minister Arthur Balfour was also embarked, but the then Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, who had been with the King's party earlier in the day, had had to return to London on urgent business and did not dive in D4. Nasmith's diary records that "We remained under water for ten to 15 minutes, during which time he showed great interest in the proceedings, periscope in particular." The Navy News article,^[4] from July 2012, by Commander William Corbett R.N. (at whose parents' wedding Nasmith had proposed the toast to the health of the bride and groom), records that Nasmith often wondered what would have happened to the course of 20th century history had he sunk that day, a not unreasonable thought, given that he had very nearly sunk in the Solent in 1905 whilst in command of HM Submarine A4.

World War I

Dunbar-Nasmith was 32 years old, and a Lieutenant-Commander in the Royal Navy during World War I, when the following action took place for which he was awarded the VC.^[5]

During the period 20 May–8 June 1915 in the Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles, Turkey, Lieutenant-Commander Nasmith, in command of H.M. Submarine E.11, destroyed one large Turkish gunboat, two transports, one ammunition ship, three store ships and four other vessels.

When he had safely passed the most difficult part of his homeward journey he received information that a cargo of coal was heading towards Istanbul from the Black Sea. Realising that coal was essential for the morale of the besieged city, Nasmith turned back.

When the coal-carrying ship came into sight of the docks, a welcoming committee of municipal grandees soon formed, along with a happy crowd – water, electricity and rail transport had all suffered due to a lack of coal. Hardly had the ship berthed than it mysteriously blew up before the eyes of the astounded crowd. Nasmith successfully slipped out again.^[6]

Nasmith conducted combat operations in the Sea of Marmara for a three-month period. When his torpedoes ran low, he set them to float at the end of their run, so that he could recover them should they fail to hit a target. At one point, he captured a sailing dhow, and lashed it to the conning tower of E11 as camouflage, and went on to capture an ammunition ship using small arms. His penetration of the Golden Horn was the first time an enemy ship had done so in over 500 years. He also attacked a railway viaduct.^[7]

Nasmith's First Lieutenant, Guy D'Oyly-Hughes, and Second Lieutenant, Robert Brown, were awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, and all the rest of the crew were awarded the Distinguished Service Medal.^[8] Nasmith was promoted to Commander immediately^[9] and to Captain a year later.^[10]

Later naval career

Later in the war, Nasmith was in charge of the Seventh Submarine Flotilla in the Baltic and Senior Naval Officer at Reval (later Tallinn), and was appointed CB in 1920 for that service.^[11] He was captain of HMS Iron Duke 1921–24. He was appointed Commandant of the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, in 1926 and then became Rear Admiral Submarines in 1929.^[5] He became Commander-in-Chief of the East Indies Station in 1932 and Second Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Personnel in 1935.^[5] He was Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth from 1938 and then Commander-in-Chief of Plymouth and Western Approaches Command from the outbreak of war in September 1939.^[5] He served as Flag Officer in charge of London from 1942 and retired in 1946.^[5] Before retiring in 1946 Nasmith moved to Rothes living out the remainder of his days in the town. The Dunbar-Nasmith family have had a long association with Rothes, with the family home being Auchinroath, just outside the town.

In retirement he became Vice Chairman of the Imperial War Graves Commission.^[5] He was also appointed Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom, a ceremonial position, and he became President of the Royal Naval Benevolent Trust.

He died in 1965, aged 83, and is buried at Elgin cemetery.

Nasmith's grave in Elgin Cemetery, Linkwood Road, New Elgin, Elgin, Moray

Family

In 1920 he married Beatrix Justina Dunbar-Dunbar-Rivers; they had two sons (Rear-Admiral David Dunbar-Nasmith and the architect Professor Sir James Dunbar-Nasmith) and a daughter.^[3]

Legacy

on 11 April 2015 a blue plaque was unveiled at his birthplace in Barnes.^[2]

On 25 June 2015 the Royal Navy hosted a ceremony for the unveiling of a commemorative Victoria Cross paving stone at Elgin's war memorial hosted by Lieutenant Colonel Grenville Johnston, Lord Lieutenant of Moray, assisted by Rothes Parish Reverend Bob Anderson to celebrate the Admiral's efforts 100 years on. Rothes residents and primary school pupil's gathered to pay tribute. Wreaths were laid by the Lord Lieutenant, Royal Navy, Moray Council, Submariners Association, Royal Naval Association Sea Cadets and Rothes Primary School.

References

Sources

• Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)
• The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)
• VCs of the First World War - Gallipoli (Stephen Snelling, 1995)
• VCs of the First World War - The Naval VCs (Stephen Snelling, 2002)
• Dardanelles Patrol: the Story of Submarine E-11 (Peter Shankland & Anthony Hunter, 1964)
• Hough, Richard (2001). The Great War at Sea: 1914–1918. Birlinn. ISBN 1841580538. 

External links

• Royal Navy (RN) Officers 1939–1945
• Location of grave and VC medal (Grampian)
• NASMITH, Admiral Sir Martin (Eric) Dunbar-, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007