Mark O.M. Tso

Mark O.M. Tso, MD, is an American and Chinese ophthalmologist^[1] who served as Professor and Founding Chairman of the Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Much of his early research concerned ocular pathologic findings in retinoblastoma and laser effects on the retina.

Education and career

Dr. Mark OM Tso is Professor of Ophthalmology and Pathology at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Chair XI, Academia Ophthalmologica Internationalis.

Previously he was the Founding Chairman of the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong (1994-1999) and Founding Director and Professor of Ophthalmology, Peking University Eye Center, China (1999-2009). He was formerly the Vice President of the International Council of Ophthalmology (1998-2006) and Director for Education, International Council of Ophthalmology (2006-2012). Dr. Tso received the Friedenwald Award of ARVO (1989), Lorenz E. Zimmerman Medal of American Academy of Ophthalmology (2001), the de OCampo Lectureship of the Asia Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology (1995), Paul Henkind Memorial Lectureship of the Macula Society (1996), and the Gold Fellowship of the Association for Researching Vision and Ophthalmology (2010), and the International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO), Ophthalmic Pathology Award and the Naumann Medal (2014).

In 2009, the State Administration of Foreign Expert Affairs of the People’s Republic of China and Premier Wen Jiabao bestowed on Professor Mark Tso a “Friendship Award” medal in appreciation of his major contribution to eye care and ophthalmic education in China for over a decade.

In 2014, in appreciation of Dr. Tso’s contribution to international ophthalmic education, the International Council of Ophthalmology established the ICO Mark Tso Golden Apple Award to honor the best teachers of Clinical Ophthalmology in each of the Americas, Europe, Asia-Pacific and the Middle East regions to be given at their Supra National Congresses in the above 4 regions.

Offices held

1969 - 1971 Staff Ophthalmologist, Department of Ophthalmic & Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C., Major MC, USA
1969 - 1971 Assistant Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.
1971 - 1972 Assistant Research Professor of Ophthalmology, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.
1971 - 1976 Research Associate, Ophthalmic Pathology Branch, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C.
1972 - 1976 Visiting Staff of Retina Clinics of George Washington University Hospital, D.C., General Hospital & Freedmen Hospital
1973 - 1976 Associate Research Professor of Ophthalmology, The George Washington University Medical School
1976 - 1994 Professor of Ophthalmology, Lions of Illinois Eye Research Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
1976 - 1994 Director of the Georgiana Theobald Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, The University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
1976 - 1994 Director of the Macula Clinic, University of Illinois Hospital Eye & Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
1989 - 1994 Medical Director of Lions of Illinois Eye Bank, Lions of Illinois Eye Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
1994 - 1999 Professor and Founding Chairman, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
1994–2000 Chief of Service, Hong Kong Eye Hospital
1994 - 2000 Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology, University of Hong Kong
1997 - 1999 President, College of Ophthalmologists of Hong Kong
1997 - 2005 Councilor and Honorary Treasurer, Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology

1998 - 2006 Vice President, International Council of Ophthalmology, elected in May, 1997

2004–2005 Medical Director, National Neurovision Research Institute, (NNRI)
1999–Present Professor of Ophthalmology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine

1997–Present Chair XI, Academia Ophthalmologica Internationalis
1995–Present Adjunct Professor of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois at Chicago

2001–Present Honorary Director and Professor of Ophthalmology, Peking University Eye Center, Beijing

2006 – Present Education Director, International Council of Ophthalmology

Bibliography

1. Tso MOM, Friedman E. The retinal pigment epithelium. I. Comparative histology. Arch Ophthalmol. 1967;78: 641-649.

 2. Friedman E, Tso MOM.  The retinal pigment epithelium.  II. Histologic changes associated with age.  
  Arch Ophthalmol. 1968; 79: 315-320.

 3. Tso MOM, Friedman E.  The retinal pigment epithelium.  III. Growth and development.  Arch 
  Ophthalmol. 1968; 80: 214-216.

 4. Tso MOM, Fine BS, Zimmerman LE, Vogel MH.  Photoreceptor elements in retinoblastoma.  A 
  preliminary report.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1969;  82: 57-59.

 5. Tso MOM, Fine BS, Zimmerman LE.  The Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes in retinoblastoma.  Arch Pathol. 
  1969; 88: 664-671.

 6. Tso MOM, Zimmerman LE, Fine BS.  The nature of retinoblastoma.  I. Photoreceptor differentiation:   A 
  clinical and histopathologic study.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1970;  69: 339-349.

 7. Tso MOM, Fine BS, Zimmerman LE.  The nature of retinoblastoma.  II. Photoreceptor differentiation:  An 
  electron microscopic study.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1970;  69: 350-359.

 8. Tso MOM, Zimmerman LE, Fine BS, Ellsworth RM.  A cause of radioresistance in retinoblastoma:  
  Photoreceptor differentiation.  Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1970;  74: 959-969.

 9. Tso MOM, Bettman JW.  Occlusion of choriocapillaris in primary nonfamilial amyloidosis.  Arch 
  Ophthalmol. 1971;  86: 281-286.

 10. Tso MOM, Albert DM.  Pathological condition of the retinal pigment epithelium.  Arch Ophthalmol. 
  1972;  88: 27-38.

 11. Albert DM, Tso MOM, Rabson AS.  In vitro growth of pure cultures of retinal pigment epithelium.  Arch 
  Ophthalmol. 1972;  88: 63-69.

 12. Albert DM, Tso MOM, Rabson AS.  Experimental malignant tumors from retinal pigment epithelium.  
  Arch Ophthalmol. 1972;  88: 70-74.

 13. Fine BS, Tso MOM, Font RL, Zimmerman LE.  Electron microscopy of pathologic ocular tissue.  
  Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1972; 11: 57-86.

 14. Wallow IHL, Tso MOM.  Proliferation of the retinal pigment eipithelium over malignant choroidal 
  tumors.  A light and electron microscopic study.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1972; 73: 914-926.

 15. Tso MOM, Fine BS, Zimmerman LE.  Photic maculopathy produced by indirect ophthalmoscope.  I. A 
  clinical and histopathologic study.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1972; 73: 686-699.

 16. Zimmerman LE, Font RL, Tso MOM, Fine BS.  Application of electron microscopy to histopathologic 
  diagnosis.  Trans AM Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1972; 76: 101-107.

17. Tso MOM, Wallow IHL, Powell JO, Zimmerman LE. Recovery of the rod and cone cells after photic injury. Trans AM Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1972; 76: 1247-1262.

 18. Caveness WF, Kato M, Tanaka A, Hess K, Tso MOM, Zimmerman LE.  Delayed brain swelling after x-

irradiation of the visual cortex in the Macaca mulatta. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Intracranial Pressure, 1972. Heidelberg and New York: Springer-Verlag; 1972; 127-134.

 19. Wallow IHL, Tso MOM.  Netzhautheilung nach Lichtocoagulation.  Klinische und morphologische

Untersuchungen a Rhesusaffen. Bericht uber die 72. Zusammenkunft der Deutschen Ophthalm. Gesellschaft in Heidelberg 1972. Munich, Germany: JF Bergman; 1974: 191-199.

 20. Tso MOM, Wallow IHL, Powell JO.  Differential susceptibility of rod and cone cells to argon laser.  Arch 
  Ophthalmol. 1973; 89: 228-234.

 21. Tso MOM. Photic maculopathy in rhesus monkey.  A light and electron microscopic study.  Invest 
  Ophthalmol. 1973; 12: 17-34.

 22. Wallow IHL, Tso MOM, Fine BS.  Retinal repair after experimental xenon arc photocoagulation.  Am J 
  ophthalmol. 1973; 75: 32-52.

 23. Wallow IHL, Tso MOM.  Repair after xenon arc photocoagulation.  2. A clinical and light microscopic 
  study of  the evolution of retinal lesions in the rhesus monkey.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1973; 75: 610-626.

 24. Wallow IHL, Tso MOM.  Repair after xenon arc photocoagulation.  3.  An electron microscopic study of 
  the evolution of retinal lesions in the rhesus monkey.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1973; 75: 957-972.

 25. Tso MOM, Albert D, Zimmerman LE.  Organ culture of human retinal pigment epithelium and choroid:  
  A model for the study of cytologic behavior of RPE in vitro.  Invest Ophthalmol. 1973; 12: 554-566.

 26. Wallow IHL, Fine BS, Tso MOM.  Morphologic changes in photoreceptor outer segments following 
  photic injury.  Ophthalmol Res. 1973; 5: 10-20.

 27. Wallow IHL, Tso MOM.  Failure of formation of chorioretinal adhesions following xenon arc 
  photocoagulation.  Mod Probl Ophthalmol. 1974; 12: 189-201.

 28. Tso MOM, Robbins DO, Zimmerman LE.  Photic maculopathy.  A study of functional and pathologic 
  correlation.  Mod Probl Ophthalmol. 1974; 12: 220-228.

 29. Caveness WF, Tanaka A, Hess KH, Kemper TL, Tso MOM, Zimmerman LE.  Delayed brain swelling and 
  functional derangement after x-radiation of the right visual cortex in the Macaca mulatta.  Radiat Res. 
  1974; 57:  104-120.

 30. Powell JO, Tso MOM, Wallow IHL.  Recovery of the retina from argon laser radiation:  Clinical and light 
  microscopic evaluation.  Ann Ophthalmol. 1974; 6: 1003-1012.

31. LaPiana F, Tso MOM, Jenis EH. The retinal lesions of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Am J

Ophthalmol. 1974; 6: 603-610.

32. Tso MOM, LaPiana FG. The human fovea after sungazing. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol.

1975; 79: 788-795.

 33. Tso MOM, Fine BS, Thorpe H.  Kayser-Fleischer ring and the associated cataract in Wilson's Disease.  
  Am J Ophthalmol. 1975; 79: 479-488.

 34. McMahon RT, Tso MOM, McLean IW.  Histologic localization of sodium fluorescein in human ocular 
  tissues.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1975; 80: 1058-1065.

 35. Tso MOM, Shih CY, McLean IW.  Is there a blood-brain barrier at the optic nerve head?  Arch 
  Ophthalmol. 1975; 93: 815-825.

 36. Shields JA, Tso MOM.  Congenital grouped pigmentation of the retina.  Histopathologic description and 
  report  of a case.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1975; 93: 1153-1155.

 37. Zimmerman BL, Tso MOM.  Morphologic evidence of photoreceptor differentiation of pinealocytes in the 
  neonatal rat.  J Cell Biol. 1975; 66: 60-75.

 38. Tso MOM, Shih CY.  Disruption of the blood-brain barrier in ocular hypotony:  A preliminary report.  Exp 
  Eye  Res. 1976; 23: 209-216.

 39. Torczynski E, Tso MOM.  The architecture of the choriocapillaris at the posterior pole.  Am J Ophthalmol. 
  1976; 81: 428-440.

 40. Minckler DS, Tso MOM.  A light microscopic, autoradiographic study of axoplasmic transport in the 
  normal rhesus monkey optic nerve head.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1976; 82: 1-15.

 41. Minckler DS, Tso MOM, Zimmerman LE.  A light microscopic, autoradiographic study of axoplasmic 
  transport in the optic nerve head during ocular hypotony, increased intraocular pressure, and papilledema.  
  Am J Ophthalmol. 1976; 82: 741-757.

 42. Minckler DS, McLean IW, Tso MOM.  Distribution of axonal and glial elements in the rhesus optic nerve 
  head studied by electron microscopy.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1976; 82: 179-187.

 43. Minckler DS, Tso MOM.  Experimental papilledema produced by cyclocryotherapy.  Am J Ophthalmol. 
  1976; 82: 577-589.

 44. Tso MOM, Fine BS.  Electron microscopic study of human papilledema.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1976; 82: 
  424-434.

 45. Rao NA, Tso MOM.  Rosenthal R. Chalcosis in the human eye.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1976; 94: 1379-1384.

 46. Tso MOM.  Photic injury to the human retina.  In:  Lander MB, Wolbarsht ML, Dowling JE, and Laties 
  AM, eds.  Retinitis Pigmentosa.  New York, NY:  Plenum Publishing Corporation;  1976: 257-260.

 47. Tso MOM.  Axoplasmic transport in experimental papilledema.  Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. 1976; 96: 
  399- 403.

 48. Perry H, Hatfield R, Tso MOM.  Fluorescein pattern of the choriocapillaris in the neonatal rhesus monkey.  
  Am  J Ophthalmol. 1977; 84: 197-204.

 49. Tso MOM.  Axoplasmic transport in papilledema and glaucoma.  Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol 
  Otolaryngol. 1977; 83: 771-777.

 50. Jakobiec F, Font RL, Tso MOM, Zimmerman LE.  Mesectodermal leiomyoma of the ciliary body.  A

tumor of presumed neural crest origin. Cancer. 1977; 39: 2102-2113.

 51. Jakobiec F, Tso MOM, Danis P, Zimmerman LE.  Retinoblastoma and intracranial malignancy. Cancer. 
  1977; 39: 2048-2058.

 52. Tso MOM, Shih CY.  Experimental macular edema after lens extraction.  Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 
  1977; 16: 381-392.

 53. Tso MOM, Wallow IHL, Elgin S.  Experimental photocoagulation of the human retina. I. Corelationship 
  of physical, clinical, and pathological data.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1977; 95: 1035-1040.

 54. Wallow IHL, Tso MOM, Elgin S.  Experimental photocoagulation of the human retina.  II. Electron 
  microscopic study.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1977; 95: 1041-1050.

 55. Rao NA, Tso MOM, Zimmerman LE.  Experimental allergic optic neuritis in guinea pigs:  a preliminary 
  report.  Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1977; 16: 338-342.

 56. McMahon RT, Tso MOM, McLean IW.  Histologic localization of sodium fluorescein in choroidal 
  malignant melanomas.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1977; 83: 836-846.

 57. Tso MOM.  Developmental reactive, neoplastic proliferation of the retinal pigment epithelium.  In:  Zinn 
  K, ed. The Retinal Pigment Epithelium.  Boston, MA:  Harvard Press;  1977: 267-276.

 58. Tso MOM, Hayreh SS.  Optic disc edema in raised intracranial pressure:  III. A pathologic study of 
  experimental papilledema.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1977; 95: 1448-1457.

 59. Tso MOM, Hayreh SS.  Optic disc edema in raised intracranial pressure.  IV. Axoplasmic transport in 
  experimental papilledema.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1977; 95: 1458-1462.

 60. Goldberg MF, Tso MOM.  Rubeosis iridis and glaucoma associated with sickle cell retinopathy:  A light 
  and electron microscopic study.  Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1978; 85: 1028-1041.

 61. Ronan SG, Tso MOM.  Multiple periorbital fibrous histocytomas.  A light and electron microscopic study.  
  Arch Dermatol. 1978; 114: 1345-1347.

 62. Tso MOM.  Photoreceptor differentiation in retinoblastoma.  Proceedings of the International Symposium 
  on Retinoblastoma.  Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1978; 22: 351-357.

 63. Tso MOM, Torczynski E.  Architecture of the choriocapillaris and macular edema.  In:  Shimizu K, ed.  
  International Congress Series No. 450 XXIII. Kyoto, Japan:  Concilium Ophthalmologicum;  1978: 239-
  241.

 64. Tso MOM.  Pathology and pathogenesis of papilledema.  In:  thompson S, ed.  Topics in Neuro-
  Ophthalmology.  Baltimore, MD:  Williams and Wilkins;  1979: 171-180.

 65. Goldberg MF, Tso MOM.  Sickled erythrocytes, hyphema, and secondary glaucoma:  VII. The passage of 
  sickled erythrocytes out of the anterior chamber of the human and monkey eye:  light and electron 
  microscopic studies.  Ophthalmic Surgery;  1979; 10: 89-123.

 66. Tso MOM, Fine BS.  Repair and late degeneration of the primate foveola after injury by argon laser.  
  Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1979; 18: 447-461.

 67. Juarez CP, Tso MOM.  An ultrastructural study of melanocytomas (magnocellular nevi) of the optic disc 
  and uvea.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1980; 90: 48-62.

 68. Santos-Anderson RM, Tso MOM, Wolf ED.  An inherited retinopathy in collies.  A light and electron 
  microscopic study.  Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1980; 19: 1281-1294.

 69. Tso MOM.  Clues to the cells of origin in retinoblastoma.  Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1980; 20: 191-210.

 70. Tso MOM.  Pathological study of cystoid macula edema.  Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. 1980; 100: 408-413.

 71. Tso MOM.  Pathology of the blood-retinal barrier. In:  Cunha-Vaz JG, ed.  The Blood-Retinal Barriers. New York, NY:  Plenum Press;  1980: 235-250.

 72. Tso MOM, Cunha-Vaz JG, Shih CY, Jones CW.  Clinicopathologic study of blood-retinal barrier in 
  experimental diabetes mellitus.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1980; 98: 2032-2040.

 73. Woodford BJ, Tso MOM.  An ultrastructural study of the corpora amylacea of the optic nerve head and 
  retina.  Am J Ophthalmol 1980; 98: 492-502.

 74. Bunt AH, Tso MOM.  Feulgen-positive deposits in retinoblastoma.  Incidence, composition, and 
  ultrastructure.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1981; 99: 144-150.

75. Chader GJ, Liu Y.P, Fletcher R.T, Aguirre G, Santos-Anderson R, Tso MOM. Cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase and calmodulin in early-onset inherited retinal degenerations. Curr Top Memb Transpt. 1981; 15: 133-156.

 76. Jampol L.M, Setogawa T, Rednam K.R.V, Tso MOM.  Talc retinopathy in primates:  A model of ischemic 
  retinopathy:  I. Clinical studies.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1981; 99: 1273-1280.

 77. Tso MOM.  Pathology and pathogenesis of cystoid macular edema. Ophthalmologica.  1981; 183: 46-54.

 78. Tso MOM.  Pathology and pathogenesis of drusen of the optic nervehead.  Ophthalmology. 1981; 88: 
  1066-1080.

 79. Tso MOM.  Pathology of the sub-retinal space.  Doc Ophthalmol Proc Series. 1981; 25: 11-23.

 80. Anstadt B, Blair N.P, Rusin M, Cunha-Vaz JG, Tso MOM.  Alteration of the blood-retinal barrier by 
   sodium iodate:  dinetic vitreous fluorophotometry and horseradish peroxidase tracer studies.  Exp Eye Res. 
   1982; 25: 653-662.

 81. Kaga N, Tso MOM, Jampol L.M, Setogawa T, Rednam K.R.V.  Talc retinopathy in primates:  a model of 
  ischemic retinopathy.  II. A histopathologic study.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1982; 100: 1644-1648.

 82. Kaga N, Tso MOM, Jampol L.M.  Talc retinopathy in primates:  A model of ischemic retinopathy.  III. An 
  electron microscopic study.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1982; 100: 1649-1657.

 83. Santos-Anderson R.M, Tso MOM, Fishman GA.  A histopathologic study of retinitis pigmentosa.  
  Ophthalmic Paediatr Genet. 1982; 1: 151-168.

 84. Tso MOM.  Pathology of cystoid macular edema.  Ophthalmology. 1982; 89: 902-915.

 85. Tso MOM, Jampol L.M.  Pathophysiology of hypertensive retinopathy.  Ophthalmology. 1982; 89: 1132-
  1145.

86. Woodford BJ, Liu Y, Fletcher RT, Chader GJ, Farber DB, Santos-Anderson R, Tso MOM. Cyclic nucleotide metabolism in inherited retinopathy in collies: A biochemical and histochemical study. Exp Eye Res. 1982; 34: 703-714.

 87. Finkelstein D, Clarkson J, Diddie K, Hillis A, Kimball A, Orth D, Trempe C, The Branch Vein Occulusion 
  Study Group.  Branch vein occlusion.  Retinal neovascularization outside the involved segment.  
  Ophthalmology. 1982; 89: 1357-1361.

 88. Burnett J, Tessler H, Isenberg S, Tso MOM.  Double-masked trial of fenoprofen sodium:  treatment of 
  chronic aphakic cystoid macular edema.  Ophthalmic Surg. 1983; 14: 150-152.

 89. Lin CCL, Tso MOM.  An electron microscopic study of calcification of retinoblastoma.  Am J 
  Ophthalmol. 1983; 96: 765-774.

 90. Mottow-Lippa L, Tso MOM, Peyman GA, Chejfec G. von Hippel angiomatosis.  A light, electron 
  microscopic, and immunoperoxidase characterization.  Ophthalmology. 1983; 90: 848-855.

 91. Tso MOM, Santos-Anderson RM, Vainisi SJ.  Heredofamilial retinal dystrophy in guinea baboons.  I. A 
  histopathologic study.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1983; 101: 1597-1603.

 92. Santos-Anderson RM, Tso MOM, Vainisi SJ.  Heredofamilial retinal dystrophy in guinea baboons.  II. 
  Electron  microscopic observations.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1983; 101: 1762-1770.

 93. Tso MOM, Woodford BJ.  Effect of photic injury on the retinal tissues.  Ophthalmology. 1983; 90: 952-
  963.

 94. Woodford BJ, Tso MOM, Lam KW.  Reduced and oxidized ascorbates in guinea pig retina under normal 
  and light-exposed conditions.  Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1983; 24: 862-867.

 95. Yoneya S, Tso MOM, Shimizu K.  Patterns of the choriocapillaris.  A method to study the choroidal 
  vasculature of the enucleated human eye.  Int Ophthalmol. 1983; 6: 95-99.

 96. Mottow-Lippa L, Tso MOM, Sugar J.  Conjunctival myxoma.  A clinicopathologic study.  
  Ophthalmology. 1983; 90: 1452-1458.

 97. Tso MOM.  The Histogenesis of Retinoblastoma. In:  Lommatzsch PK, Blodi FC, eds. Intraocular tumors.  
  International Symposium under the Auspices of the European Ophthalmological Society.  Berlin, 
  Germany:  Springer-Verlag;  1983: 461-465.

 98. Blair NP, Tso MOM, Dodge JT.  Pathologic studies of the blood-retinal barrier in the spontaneously 
  diabetic BB rat.  Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1984; 25: 302-311.

 99. Shapiro A, Tso MOM, Goldberg MD.  Argon-laser induced cataract.  A clinicopathologic study.  Arch 
  Ophthalmol. 1984; 102: 579-583.

 100. Tso MOM.  Animal modeling of cystoid macular edema.  Surv Ophthalmol. 1984; 28: 512-519.

 101. Tso MOM, Woodford BJ, Lam KW.  Distribution of ascorbate in normal primate retina and after photic 
  injury:  a biochemical, morphological correlated study.  Curr Eye Res. 1984; 3: 181-191.

 102. Yue BYJT, Lin CCL, Fei PF, Tso MOM.  Effects of chondroitin sulfate on metabolism of trabecular 
  meshwork.  Exp Eye Res. 1984; 38: 35-44.

 103. Santos-Anderson RM, Tso MOM, Valdes JJ, Annau Z.  Chronic lead administration in neonatal rats:  
  Electron microscopy of the retina.  J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1984; 43: 175-187.

 104. Durant WJ, Flood T, Goldberg MF, Tso MOM, Pasquali LA, Peyman GA.  Vitrectomy and whipple's 
  disease.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1984; 102: 848-851.

 105. Lin CCL, Tso MOM, Vygantas CM.  Coloboma of optic nerve associated with serous maculopathy.  A 
  clinicopathologic correlative study.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1984; 102: 1651-1654.

 106. The Branch Vein Occlusion Study Group:   Argon laser photocoagulation for macular edema in branch 
  vein  occlusion.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1984; 98: 271-282.

 107.  Goldberg MF, Tso MOM, Chen F, Suvaizdis I, Spector R.  Inherited snowflake cataracts.  Ophthalmic 
  Paediatr Genet. 1984; 4: 123-139.

 108. Fei PF, Yue BYJT, Tso MOM.  Effects of chronic intracameral injections of chondroitin sulfate on cat 
  eyes.  Grafes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1984; 222: 1-8.

 109. Fei PF, Yue BYJT, Tso MOM.  Effects of chondroitin sulfate on trabecular meshwork in rabbit eyes:  an 
  electron microscopic study.  Exp Eye Res. 1984; 39: 583-594.

 110. Yoneya S, Numaga T, Tso MOM.  Retinal neovascularization in experimental retinopathy of prematurity.

In: Mizuno K, ed. Ophthalmology: Proceedings of the 88th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society, Sendai, 1984. Amsterdam, Holland: Elsevier Science; 1985: 41-48.

 111. Yoneya S, Tso MOM.  Retinal, vitreal, and iris neovascularization in experimental retrolental fibroplasia:  
  a preliminary report.  In:  Ryan SJ, Dawson AK, Little HL, eds. Retinal Diseases.  Orlando,FL:  Grune and 
  Stratton;  1985: 75-78.

 112. Puck A, Tso MOM, Fishman G.  Drusen of optic nerve associated with retinitis pigmentosa.  Arch 
  Ophthalmol. 1985; 103: 231-234.

 113. Puck A, Tso MOM, Yue BYJT.  Cellular deposits on intraocular lens.  Acta Ophthalmol. 63 (1985) Suppl. 
  170 54-60.

 114. Caudill J, Streeten BW, Tso MOM.  Phacoanaphylactoid reaction in persistent hyperplastic primary 
  vitreous.  Ophthalmology. 1985; 92: 1153-1158.

 115. Tso MOM, Goldberg MF, Sugar J.  Nodular adenomatosis of iris pigment epithelium.  Am J Ophthalmol. 
  1985; 100: 87-95.

 116. Tso MOM.  Pathogenetic factors of aging macular degeneration.  Ophthalmology. 1985; 92: 628-635.

 117. Tso MOM.  Retinal phototoxicity in ocular surgery.  In:  Sears ML, Tarkkanen A, eds.  Surgical 
  Pharmacology of the Eye.  New York, NY:  Raven Press;  1985: 205-219.

 118. Organisciak DT, Wang HM, Li ZY, Tso MOM.  The protective effect of ascorbate in retinal light damage 
  of rats.  Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1985; 26: 1580-1588.

 119. Kishi S, Tso MOM, Hayreh SS.  Fundus lesions in malignant hypertension.  I. A pathologic study of 
  experimental hypertensive choroidopathy.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1985; 103: 1189-1197.

 120. Kishi S, Tso MOM, Hayreh SS.  Fundus lesions in malignant hypertension.  II. A pathologic study of 
  experimental hypertensive optic neuropathy.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1985; 103: 1198-1206.

 121. Tso MOM.  A Review:  Diabetic Retinopathy - Pathophysiologic and therapeutic approaches.  Drug Dev 
  Res. 1985; 6: 217-233.

 122. Li ZY, Tso MOM, Wang HM, Organisciak DT.  Amelioration of photic injury in rat retina by ascorbic 
  acid:  A histopathologic study.  Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1985; 26: 1589-1598.

 123. Duvall J, Tso MOM.  Cellular mechanisms of resolution of drusen after laser coagulation.  An 
  experimental study.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1985; 103: 694-703.

 124. Jonasson O, Jones DW, Bauman A, John E, Manaligod J, Tso MOM.  The pathophysiology of 
  experimental insulin-deficient diabetes in the monkey.  Ann Surg. 1985; 201: 27-39.

 125. Jones C, Cunha-Vaz J, Zeimer R, Rusin M, Langenberg P, Vygantas C, Tso MOM, Jonasson O.  Ocular 
  fluorophotometry in the normal and diabetic monkey.  Exp Eye Res. 1986; 42: 467-477.

 126. Tso MOM, Blair N. Eye diseases and visual disorders.  Encyclopedia Britannica, suppl.  Medical and 
  Health Annual. 1986; 229-232.

 127. The Branch Vein Occlusion Study Group.  Argon laser scatter photocoagulation for prevention of 
  neovascularization and vitreous hemorrhage in branch vein occlusion.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1986; 104: 34-
  41.

 128. Detrick B, Rodrigues M, Chan CC, Tso MOM, Hooks JJ.  Expression of HLA-Dr antigen on retinal 
  pigment epithelial cells in retinitis pigmentosa.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1986; 101: 584-590.

 129. Nork TM, Ghobrial MW, Peyman GA, Tso MOM.  Massive retinal gliosis.  A reactive 
  proliferation of Muller cells.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1986; 104: 1383-1389.

 130. Tso MOM, Sanders TE, Zimmerman LE, Cogan DG.  Ex Errato Lux. Concept and Development of the 
  Verhoeff Society.  Surv Ophthalmol. 1986; 30: 337-340.

 131. Yue BYJT, Duvall J, Goldberg MF, Puck A, Tso MOM, Sugar J.  Nanophthalmic sclera.  Morphologic a
  and tissue culture studies.  Ophthalmology. 1986; 93: 534-541.

 132. Juarez CP, Tso MOM, Wichard AJ vanHeuven P, Hayreh MS, Hayreh SS.  Experimental retinal vascular

occlusion II. A clinico-pathologic correlative study of simultaneous occlusion of central retinal vein and artery. Int Ophthalmol. 1986; 9: 77-87.

 133. Rodrigues MM, Wiggert B, Tso MOM, Chader G.  Retinitis pigmentosa:  immunohistochemical and 
  biochemical studies of the retina.  Can J Ophthalmol. 1986; 21: 3, 79-83.

 134. Juarez CP, Tso MOM, Wichard AJ, vanHeuven P, Hayreh MS, Hayreh SS.  Experimental retinal vascular

occlusion III. An ultrastructural study of simultaneous occlusion of central retinal vein and artery. Int Ophthalmol. 1986; 9: 89-101.

 135. Shapiro A, Tso MOM, Putterman A, Goldberg MF.  A clinicopathologic study of hematic cysts of the 
  orbit.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1986; 102: 237-241.

 136. Rabb MF, Tso MOM, Fishman GA.  Cone rod dystrophy.  A clinical and histopathologic report.  
  Ophthalmology. 1986; 93: 1443-1451.

 137. Mafee M, Jampol LM, Langer B, Tso MOM.  Computed tomography of optic nerve colobomas, morning 
  glory anomaly and colobomatous cyst.  Radiologic Clinics of North America. 1987; 25: 693-699.

 138. Li ZY, Tso MOM, Sugar J:  Leiomyoepithelioma of iris pigment epithelium.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1987; 
  105: 819-824.

 139. Yoneya S, Tso MOM.  Angioarchitecture of the human choroid.  Arch Ophthalmol 1987; 105: 681-687.

 140. Borges J, Charles H, Lee C, Smith RT, Cunha-Vaz JG, Goldberg MF, Tso MOM.  A clinicopathologic 
  study of dye laser photocoagulation on primate retina.  Retina. 1987; 7: 46-57.

 141. Duvall J, Miller S, Cheatle E, Tso MOM.  Histopathological study of ocular changes in a syndrome of 
  multiple congenital anomalies.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1987; 103: 701-705.

 142. Kurosawa A, Elner V, Yue BYJT, Elvart V, Tso MOM.  Cultured trabecular-meshwork cells:  
  Immunohistochemical and lectin-binding characteristics.  Exp Eye Res. 1987; 45: 239-251.

 143. Goldberg MF, Tso MOM, Mirolovich M.  Histopathologic characteristics of neodymium-YAG laser 
  iridotomy in the human eye.  Br J Ophthal. 1987; 71: 623-628.

 144. Merin S, Blair NP, Tso MOM.  Vitreous fluorophotometry in patients with senile macular degeneration.  
  Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1987; 28: 756-759.

 145. Tso MOM.  Retinal photic injury in normal and scorbutic monkeys.  Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1987; 85: 
  498-556.

 146. Kurosawa A, Pollock S, Collins M, Kraff C, Tso MOM.  Sporothrix schenckii endophthalmitis in a patient 
  with human immunodeficiency virus infection.  Arch Ophtahlmol. 1988; 106: 376-380.

 147. Yue BYJT, Kurosawa A, Duvall J, Goldberg MF, Tso MOM, Sugar J.  Nanophthalmic Sclera.  
  Fibronectin Studies.  Ophthalmology. 1988; 95: 56-60.

 148. Goldberg J, Flowerdew G, Smith E, Brody JA, Tso MOM.  Factors associated with age-related macular 
  degeneration.  Am J Epidemiol. 1988; 128: 700-710.

 149. Yue BYJT, Kurosawa A, Elvart JL, Elner VM, Tso MOM.  Monkey trabecular meshwork cells in culture:  
  growth, morphologic, and biochemical characteristics.  Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1988; 226: 
  262-268.

 150. Edward DP, Yue BYJT, Sugar J, Thonar EJ-MA, SunderRaj N, Stock EL, Tso MOM.  Heterogeneity in 
  macular corneal dystrophy.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1988; 106: 1579-1583.

 151. Tso MOM, Kurosawa A, Benhamou E, Bauman A, Jeffrey J, Jonasson O.  Microangiopathic retinopathy 
  in experimental diabetic monkeys.  Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1988; 86: 389-421.

 152. Jampol LM, Dyckman S, Maniates V, Tso MOM, Daily M, O'Grady R.  Retinal and choroidal infarction 
  from Aspergillus:  clinical diagnosis and clinicopathologic correlations.  Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1988; 
  86: 422-440.

 153. Tso MOM.  Retinal Diseases. Biomedical Foundations and Clinical Management.  Philadelphia, PA:  JB 
  Lippincott Company;  1988.

 154. Tso MOM.  Photic Injury to the Retina and Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.  In:  Tso 
  MOM, ed. Retinal Diseases.  Biomedical Foundations and Clinical Management.  Philadelphia, PA: JB 
  Lippincott Company;  1988: 187-214.

 155. Tso MOM. Cystoid Macular Edema.  In:  Tso MOM, ed  Retinal Diseases.  Biomedical Foundations and 
  Clinical Management.  Philadelphia, PA:  JB Lippincott Company;  1988; 215-241.

 156. Tso MOM.  Retinal Photocoagulation Therapy:  Clinical Application and Biological Basis of Therapeutic 
  Effects.  In:  Tso MOM, ed. Retinal Diseases. Biomedical Foundation and Clinical Management.  
  Philadelphia, PA: JB Lippincott Company;  1988; 247-262.

 157. Nork TM, Tso MOM, Duvall J, Hayreh SS.  Cellular mechanisms of iris neovascularization secondary to 
  retinal vein occlusion.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1989; 107: 581-586.

 158. Lam TT, Edward DP, Zhu X, Tso MOM.  Transscleral iontophoresis of dexamethasone.  Arch 
  Ophthalmol. 1989; 107: 1368-1371.

 159. Edward DP, Brown S, Higginbotham E, Jennings T, Tessler H, Tso MOM.  Sympathetic Ophthalmia 
  Following Neodymium:  YAG Cyclotherapy. Ophthalmic Surg. 1989; 20: 544-546.

 160. Benhamou E, Borges J, Tso MOM.  Magnetic resonance imaging in retinoblastoma and retinocytoma:  a 
  case report.  J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1989; 26: 276-280.

 161. Goldberg MF, Lee FL, Tso MOM, Fishman GA.  Histopathologic study of autosomal dominant

vitreoretinochoroidopathy. Peripheral annular pigmentary dystrophy of the retina. Ophthalmology. 1989; 96: 1736-1746.

 162. Tso MOM.  Experiments on visual cells by nature and man:  in search of treatment for photoreceptor 
  degeneration (Friedenwald Award and Lecture).  Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1989; 30: 2421-2454.

 163. Ticho BH, Tso MOM, Kishi s.  Diffuse iris nevus in oculodermal melanocytosis:  A light and electron 
  microscopic study.  J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1989; 26: 244-250.

164. Tso MOM, Jampol LM. Hypertensive retinopathy, choroidopathy, and optic neuropathy of hypertensive

ocular disease:  a clinical and pathophysiologic approach to classification.  In:  Laragh JH, Brenner BM, eds.  Hypertension:  Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management, Vol l. New York, NY:  Raven Press;  1990; 433-465.

 165. Lee FL, Yu DY, Tso MOM.  Effect of continuous versus multiple intermittent light exposures on rat 
  retina.  Curr Eye Res. 1990; 9: 11-21.

 166. Borges J, Li ZY, Tso MOM.  Effects of repeated photic exposures on the monkey macular.  Arch 
  Ophthalmol. 1990; 108: 727-733.

 167. Edward DP, Thonar EJ-MA, Srinivasan M, Yue BYJT, Tso MOM.  Macular dystrophy of the cornea -- a 
  systemic disorder of keratan sulfate metabolism.  Ophthalmology. 1990; 97: 1194-1200.

 168. Borges J, Edward DP, Tso MOM.  A comparative study of photic injury in four inbred strains of albino 
  rats.  Curr Eye Res. 1990; 9: 799-804.

 169. Sawaguchi S, Peng Y, Wong F, Tso MOM.  An immunopathologic study of retinoblastoma protein.  Trans 
  Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1990; 88: 51-62 1990.

 170. Yu DY, Cohen SB, Peyman G, Tso MOM.  Mesectodermal leiomyoma of the ciliary body:  new evidence 
  for presumed neural crest origin.  J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1990; 27: 317-321.

 171. Young TL, Buchi ER, Kaufman LM, Tso MOM, Sugar J.  Respiratory epithelium in a cystic choristoma 
  of the limbus.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1990; 108: 1736-1739.

 172. Lam S, Tso MOM, Gurne DH.  Amelioration of retinal photic injury in albino rats by dimethylthiourea.  
  Arch Ophthalmol. 1990; 108: 1751-1757.

 173. Li ZL, Tso MOM, Jampol LM, Miller SA, Waxler M.  Retinal injury induced by near-ultraviolet radiation 
  in aphakic and pseudophakic monkey eyes:  a preliminary report.  Retina. 1990; 10: 301-314.

 174. Tso MOM, Abrams GW, Jampol LM.  Hypertensive retinopathy choroidopathy and optic neuropathy:  a 
  clinical and pathophysiologic approach to classification.  In:  Singerman LJ, Jampol LM, eds.  Retinal and 
  Choroidal Manifestations of Systemic Disease.  Baltimore, Maryland:  Williams and Wilkins;  1991; 79-
  127.

 175. Michon JJ, Li ZL, Shioura N, Anderson RJ, Tso MOM.  A comparative study of methods of photoreceptor 
  morphometry.  Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991; 32: 280-284.

 176. Shahinfar S, Edward DP, Tso MOM.  A pathologic study of photoreceptor cell death in retinal photic 
  injury.  Curr Eye Res. 1991; 10: 47-59.

 177. Michon JJ, Borges JM, Tso MOM.  Heterotopic ciliary epithelial differentiation in a patient with trisomy 
  13.  J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1991; 28: 23-27.

 178. Lam TT, Liu D, Brody MA, Chu R, Tso MOM.  Clearance of S-(3-amino-2-hydroxypropyl) 
  phosphorothioate (WR-77913) in rats.  Exp Eye Res. 1991; 52: 661-667.

 179. Gurne DH, Tso MOM, Edward DP, Ripps H.  Antiretinal antibodies in serum of patients with age-related 
  macular degeneration.  Ophthalmology. 1991; 98: 602-607.

 180. Edward DP, Lam TT, Shahinfar S, Li JP, Tso MOM.  Amelioration of light-induced retinal degeneration 
  by a calcium overload blocker, flunarizine.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1991; 109: 554-562.

 181. Li ZL, Tso MOM, Lam S.  Desferrioxamine ameliorates retinal photic injury in albino rats.  Curr Eye Res. 
  1991; 10: 133-144.

 182. Lam TT, Fu J, Tso MOM.  A histopathologic study of retinal lesions inflicted by transscleral 
  iontophoresis.  Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1991; 229: 389-394.

 183. Li JP, Edward DP, Lam TT, Tso MOM.  Nimodipine, a voltage sensitive channel antagonist, fails to 
  ameliorate light-induced retinal degeneration in rats.  Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1991; 72: 
  347-352.

 184. Tso MOM.  I. We are living in interesting times.  II. University faculty at crossroads.  III. Reflections on

modern health care: from experiments on photic injury to the human eye. In: Proceedings of The Siu Lien Ling Wong Visiting Fellows Programme, Chung Chi College, The Chinese University of Hong Kong 1989-90. Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chung Chi College, 1991; 19-28.

 185. Yoneya S, Tso MOM.  Retinal and vitreal neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity:  a scanning 
  electron microscopic study in the kitten.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1991; 109: 1744-1751.

 186. Buchi ER, Peng Y, Eng AM, Tso MOM.  Eccrine acrospiroma of the eyelid:  with oncocytic, approcrine, 
  and sebaceous differentiation.  Eur J Ophthalmol. 1991; 1(4): 187-193.

 187. Sawaguchi S, Peng Y, Yue BYJT, Tso MOM.  Effects of intracameral injection of chondroitinase abc in 
  vivo.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1992; 110: 110-117.

 188. Rosner M, Edward DP, Tso MOM.  Case Report  Foreign body giant cell reaction to the
  hydroxyapatite orbital implant.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1992; 110: 173-174.

 189. Alexander KR, Fishman GA, Peachey NS, Marchese AL, Tso MOM.  'On' response defect in 
  paraneoplastic night blindness with cutaneous malignant melanoma.  Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992; 33: 
  477-483.

 190. Fu J, Lam TT, Tso MOM.  Dexamethasone ameliorates retinal photic injury in albino rats.  Exp Eye Res. 
  1992; 54: 583-594.

 191. Takahashi K, Lam TT, Edward DP, Buchi ER, Tso MOM.  Protective effects of flunarizine on ischemic 
  injury in rat retina.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1992; 110(6): 862-870.

 192. Rosner M, Fu J, Tso MOM, Lam TT.  Methylprednisolone ameliorates retinal photic injury in rats.  Arch 
  Ophthalmol. 1992; 110(6): 857-861.

 193. Loeffler KU, Edward DP, Tso MOM.  An immunohistochemical study of gelsolin immunoreactivity in 
  corneal amyloidosis.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1992; 113(5): 546-554.

 194. Loeffler KU, Li ZL, Fishman GA, Tso MOM.  Dominantly inherited cystoid macular edema: A 
  histopathologic study.  Ophthalmology. 1992; 99(9): 1385-1392.

 195. Li JP, Edward DP, Lam TT, Tso MOM.  Amelioration of retinal photic injury by a combination of 
  flunarizine and dimethylthiourea.  Exp Eye Res. 1993; 56: 71-78.

 196. Tso MOM.  In search of pharmacotherpay for photoreceptor degeneration.  Folia Ophthalmol Jpn. 1992; 
  57: 139-140.

 197. Rosner M, Lam TT, Tso MOM.  Therapeutic parameters of methylprednisolone treatment for retinal 
  photic injury in a rat model.  Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1992; 77(3): 299-311.

 198. Edward DP, Li JP, Sawaguchi S, Sugar J, Yue BYJT, Tso MOM.  Diffuse corneal clouding in     
                        siblings with fetal alcohol syndrome.  Amer J Ophthalmol. 1993; 115: 484-493.

 199. Edward DP, Lim K, Sawaguchi S, Tso MOM.  An Immunohistochemical study of opsin in photoreceptor

cells following light induced retinal degeneration in the rat. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1993; 231: 289-294.

 200. Loeffler KU, Tso MOM.  Pathogenetic dynamics of age-related macular disease at the choroid-retinal

pigment epithelium-photoreceptor-complex. In: Grossniklaus HE and Kincaid MC, eds. Macular Diseases Ophthalmology Clinics N Am. Vol 6, W. B. Saunders, New York, 1993; 345-358.

 201. Sawaguchi S, Lam TT, Yue BYJT, Tso MOM.  Effects of glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes on 
  bovine trabecular meshwork in organ culture.  Journal of Glaucoma. 1993; 2: 80-86.

 202.  Loeffler, KU, Edward, DP, Tso MOM.  Tau-2 Immunoreactivity of corpora amylacea in the human retina 
                        and optic nerve.  Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1993, 34: 2600-2603.
 203. Resnick K, Tso MOM.  Metastasis of malignant melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body to the 
  contralateral choroid.  Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 1993; 231: 546-553.

204. Fu J, Lam TT, Mangini NJ, Tso MOM. A morphometric and immunopathologic study of retinal photic

  injury in primate.  In:  Hollyfield, JG, La Vail, MM, and Anderson, RE, eds.  Retinal Degeneration: 
  Clinical and Laboratory Application, Plenum Publishing Co., New York, 1993; 321-333.

 205. Lam TT, Fu J, Takahashi K, Tso MOM.  Methylprednisolone therapy in laser injury of the retina.  Graefe's 
  Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 1993, 231: 729-736.

 206. Wang L, Lam TT, Lam K-W, and Tso MOM. The correlation of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione 
  peroxidase activity to the sensitivity of rat retinas to photic injury.  Ophthalmic Research. 1994; 26: 60-64.

 207. Loeffler KU, Hayreh SS, Tso MOM. The effects of simultaneous occlusion of the posterior ciliary artery 
  and vortex veins.  A histopathologic study.  Arch Ophthalmol 1994; 112: 674-682.

 208. Perlman, JI, Urban RC Jr, Edward DP, Tso MOM. Syringocystadenoma papilliferum of the eyelid.  Am J 
  Ophthalmol 1994; 117(5): 647-650.

 209. Tso MOM, Lam TT, Chang G-Q, Wong F, Abler AS, Chang CJ, Zhang C.  Apoptosis Leads to

Photoreceptor Degeneration in Inherited Retinal Dystrophy in RCS Rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994; 35(6): 2693-2699.

 210. Lam TT, Takahashi K, Tso MOM.  The effects of naloxone on retinal ischemia in rats.  Journal of Ocular 
  Pharmacology. 1994;  10(2): 481-492,

 211. Zhang C, Takahashi K, Lam TT, and Tso MOM.  Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor in retinal 
  ischemia.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994; 35(8): 3163-3168.

 212. Lam TT, Fu J, Chu R, Stojack K, Siew E and Tso MOM.  Intravitreal delivery of ganciclovir in rabbits by 
  transscleral iontophoresis.  Journal of Ocular Pharmacology. 1994; 10(3): 571-575.

 213. Li S H, Lam TT, Fu J and Tso MOM.  Systemic hypertension exaggerates retinal photic injury.  Arch 
  Ophthalmol. 1995; 113: 521-526.

 214. Liu N, Li ZL, Tso MOM.  A research of  lycium barbarum L. in rescue of retina from photic injury in rats.  
  Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases. 1995; 11(1): 31-33.

 215. Chang CJ, Lai WW, Edward DP, and Tso MOM.  Apoptotic photoreceptor cell death after traumatic 
  retinal detachment in humans.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1995; 113: 880-886.

 216. Lam TT, Fu J, Hrynewycz M, and Tso MOM.  The effect of aurintricarboxylic acid, an endonuclease 
  inhibitor, on ischemica/reperfusion damage in rat retina.  J Ocular Pharmacol. 1995; 11(3): 253-259.

 217. Wang M, Lam TT, Fu J and Tso MOM.  Tempol, a superoxide dismutase mimic, ameliorates light-
  induced retinal degeneration.  Res Comm Mol Pathol Pharmacol.  1995; 89(3): 291-305.

 218. Tso MOM.  Academic ophthalmology at crossroads in Hong Kong.  Hong Kong Medical Journal.  1995; 
  1(4): 299-301.

 219.  Löffler KU, Edward DP, and Tso MOM.  Immunoreactivity against tau, amyloid precursor 
  protein, and beta-amyloid in the human retina.  Invest Ophthalmol & Vis Sci. 1995; 36(1): 24-31.

 220. Ticho BH, Rosner M, Mets MB, Tso MOM.  Bilateral diffuse iris nodular nevi - Clinical and 
  histopathologic characterization.  Ophthalmology 1995; 102(3): 419-425.

 221. Li SH, Chang CJ, Abler AS, Tso MOM.  Inhibitory effects of cycloheximide and flunarizine on light-
  induced apoptosis of photoreceptor cells. Degenerative Diseases of the Retina.  Plenum Press, NY. 1995; 
  27-38.

 222. Zhang S-R, Li S-H, Abler A, Fu J, Tso MOM, and Lam TT.   Tissue transglutaminase in apoptosis of 
  photoreceptor cells in rat retina.  Invest Ophthalmol & Vis Sci.  1996; 37(9): 1793-1799.

 223. Abler AS, Chang C-J, Fu J, Tso MOM, and Lam TT.  Photic injury triggers apoptosis of photoreceptor 
  cells.  Res Comm Mol Pathol Pharmacol.  1996; 92(2): 177-189.

 224. Lam TT, and Tso MOM.  Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor ameliorate retinal damage induced by 
  ischemia in rats. Res Comm Mol Pathol Pharmacol.  1996; 92(3): 329-340.

 225. Xu GZ, Li WWY, Tso MOM.  Apoptosis in human retinal degenerations.  Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc.  
  1996; 94: 411-431.

 226. Li S-H, Chang CJ, Abler AS, Fu J, Tso MOM, and Lam TT.  A comparison of continuous versus 
  intermittent light exposure on apoptosis. Curr Eye Res.1996; 912-922.

 227. BÜchi ER, Kurosawa A, Tso MOM.  Retinopathy in diabetic hypertensive monkeys:  a pathologic study.  
  Grafes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1996; 234: 388-398.

 228. Lo PI, Ho PCP, Lau JTF, Cheung AYK, Goldschmidt E, and Tso MOM.  Relationship between myopia 
  and optical components - a study among Chinese Hong Kong student population.  Eye Science.  1996; 
  12(3): 121-125.

 229. Li SH, Edward DP, Ratnakar KS, Reddy M, and Tso MOM.  Clinicohistopathological findings of 
  gelatinous droplike corneal dystrophy among Asians.  Cornea.  1996; 15(4): 355-362.

 230. Perlman JI, McCole SM, Pulluru P, Chang CJ, Lam TT and Tso MOM.  Disturbances in the distribution of
  neurotransmitters in the rat retina after ischemia.  Curr Eye Res.  1996; 15: 589-596.

 231. Xu GZ, Li WI, Tso MOM.  Apoptosis of photoreceptor cells in retinal degeneration of pathologic myopia.  
  Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases.  1996; 12(3): 144-146.

 232. Lam, TT, Tso MOM.  Retinal Injury by Neodymium: YAG Laser. Retina,  16 (1), 1996.

 233. Lam TT, Siew E, Chu R, Tso MOM.  Ameliorative effect of MK-801 on retinal ischemia.  J Ocular
  Pharmacol.  1997; 13(2): 129-137.

234. Wang M, Lam TT, Tso MOM, Naash MI. Expression of a mutant opsin gene increases the susceptibility of the retina to light damage. Visual Neuroscience 1997; 14: 55-62.

235. Takahashi K, Lam TT, Fu J, Tso MOM. The effect of high dose methylprednisolone on laser-induced retinal injury in primates: an electron microscopic study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1997; 235: 723-732.

236. Tso MOM, Li WWY, Zhang C, Lam TT, Hao Y, Petters RM, Wong F. A pathologic study of degeneration of the rod and cone populations of the rhodopsin PRO347LEU transgenic pigs. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1997; 95: 467-483.

237. Kwok AKH, Lam DSC, Ng JSK, Fan DSP, Chew SJ, Tso MOM. Ocular-hypertensive response to topical steroids in children. Ophthalmology. 1997; 104(12): 2112-2116.

238. Lam DSC, Ng JSK, To K F, Abdulah V, Liew CT, Tso MOM. Cystic schwannoma of the orbit. Eye. 1997; 11: 798-800.

239. Wang ZJ, Lam KW, Lam TT, Tso MOM. Iron-induced apoptosis in the photoreceptor cells of rats. Invest Ophthalmol & Vis Sci. 1998; 39(3): 631-633.

240. Tso MOM. Melanocytomas of the optic nervehead and uvea. In: Mishima S, Editor. The Vision Care: The Proceedings of the HOYA Vision Care, the First Asia-Pacific International Conference. Tokyo, Japan: HOYA Vision Care Advisory Committee; 1998; 156-159.

241. Tso MOM, Naumann GOH, Zhang SY. Studies of prevalence of blindness in the Asia-Pacific region and the worldwide initiative in ophthalmic education. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998; 126(4): 582-585.

242. Tso MOM. Expanding the Global Horizon of the ARCHIVES. The 10th Anniversary of Publication of the Chinese-Language Edition. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998; 116(10): 1362-1363.

243. Chan C, Leung I, KW Lam and Tso MOM. The occurrence of retinol and carotenoids in human subretinal fluid. Curr Eye Res. 1998; 17: 890-895.

244. Ng JSK, Lam DSC, Li CK, Ki CW, Cheng GPM, Yuen PMP, Tso MOM. Ocular complications of pediatric bone marrow transplantation. Ophthalmology. 1999; 16(1):160-164.

245. Lam DSC, Wong AKK, Fan DSP, Chew SJ, Kwok PSK, Tso MOM. Intraoperative Mitomycin C to prevent recurrence of pterygium after excision. Ophthalmology. 1998; 105:901-905.

246. Lam DSC, Chow LTC, Gandhi SR, Cheng MFY, Chan DHY, Tso MOM. Benign fibrous histocytoma of the choroid. Eye 1998; 12:208-211.

247. TT Lam, Abler AS, Tso MOM. Apoptosis and caspases after ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat retina. Invest Ophthalmol & Vis Sci. 1999; 40 (5): 967-975.

248. Zhou L, Leung I, Tso MOM, Lam KW. The Identification of Dipalmityl Zeaxanthin as the Major Carotenoid in Gou Qi Zi by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. J Ocul Pharmacol.Thera. 1999; 15 (6); 557-565.

249. Lam TT, Abler AS, Kwong MK, Tso MOM. N-Methyl-D-Asparatate (NMDA)-Induced Apoptosis in Rat Retina. Invest Ophthalmol & Vis Sci. 1999; 40 (10); 2391-2397.

250. Edward DP, Tso MOM. Letter to the Editor: Rod Photoreceptor Rescue or Degeneration. Nature Medicine. 2000; 6(2): 116.

251. Wang ZJ, Lam KW, Wong P, Tso MOM. Involvement of ascorbic acid in iron-induced apoptosis in the retina. HK J Ophthalmology. 2000; 3(1);10-14.

252. Naumann GOH, Tso MOM, Spivey Bruce E, Gloor Balder. Perspective: International Federation of Ophthalmological Societies Statutes and Regulations. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000; 224-231

253. Poon, Hong-Kit, Tso MOM, Lam, TT. c-Fos Protein in Photoreceptor Cell Death after Photic Injury in rats. Invest Ophthalmol & Vis Sci. 2000; 41(9); 2755-2758.

               254. Yew DT, Lam TK, Tsang D, Au YK, Li WWY and Tso MOM.  Changes of Cytochemical Markers in the

Conjunctival and Corneal Epithelium after Corneal Debridement. Cell Mol Biol. 2000; (4) 20.

255. Zhou Lei, Ngai Josephine, Leung, Ivan, Tso MOM, Lam Kwok-Wai. The nutritional value for human retina of lipids in Gou Qi Zi. HK JOphthalmology. 2000; 4(1); 8-14.

256. Leung IYF, Tso MOM, Li WWY and Lam TT. Absorption and tissue distribution of zeaxanthin and lutein in rhesus monkeys after taking Fructus Lycii (Gou Qi Zi) extract. Invest Ophthalmol & Vis Sci., 2001. 42(2); 466-471

257. Li Jodie, Tso MOM, Lam Tim T. Reduced amplitude and delayed latency in foveal response of multifocal electroretinogram in early age related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001; 85 (3); 287-290.

258. Straatsma BR, Coscas GJ, Naumann, GOH, Spivey BE, Taylor, HR, Tso MOM. International Ophthalmology Strategic Plan to Preserve and Restore Vision: Vision for the Future. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001; 132(3); 403-404.

259. Hooks J. J., Tso MOM, Detrick B. Retinopathies Associated with Antiretinal Antibodies. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2001; 8,(5); 853-858.

260. Wu T, Chen Y, Chiang S.K. S., Tso MOM. NF-kB activation in light-induced retinal degeneration in a mouse model. Invest Ophthalmol & Vis Sci. 2002; 43: 2834-2840.

261. Wu T, Chiang S.K.S., Chau FY, Tso MOM. Light-induced photoreceptor degeneration may involve the NF-B/caspase-1 pathway in vivo. Brain Res. 2003; 967: 19-26.

262. Chen Y, Zhang C, Chiang KS, Wu TH, Tso MOM. Increased NF-kB p65 immunoreactivity following retinal ischemia and reperfusion injury in mice. J Neurosci Research. 2003; 72:125-131.

263. Lam TT. Abler AS, Kwong JMK, Tso MOM. Early glial responses after acute elevated intraocular pressure in rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003; 44(2):638-45.

264. Zhang C, Tso MOM. Characterization of Activated Retinal Microglia Following Optic Axotomy. J Neurosci Research. 2003; 73:840-845.

265. Tso MOM, Abbott R, Spivey B. International Guidelines: All for One and One for All? Arch Ophthalmol. 2004; 122:1090-1091.

266. Zhang C, Lei B, Lam T, Fang Y, Debasish S, Tso MOM. Neuroprotection of Photoreceptors by Minocycline in Light-induced Retinal Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol & Vis Sci. 2004; 45:2753-2759.

267. Zhang C, Lam T. T, Tso MOM. Heterogeneous populations of microglia/macrophages in the retina and their activation after retinal ischemia and reperfusion injury. Exp Eye Res. 2005; 81:6;700-9.

268. Zeng HY, Zhu X, Zhang C, Yang LP, Wu LM, Tso MOM. Identification of Sequential Events and Factors Associated with Microglial Activation, Migration and Cytotoxity in Retinal Degeneration in rd Mice. Invest Ophthalmol & Vis Sci. 2005; 48 (8):2992-99.

269. Naumann GOH, Tso MOM, Spivey BE, Gloor BP. International Ophthalmology Horizons International Federation of Ophthalmological Societies (IFOS) and International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) Milestones, Statutes and Regulations. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 2005; 222:665-674.

270. Liu Y, Ma Z. Z., Tso MOM, Zhang Q. Frosted Branch Angiitis Secondary to Macular Choroidal Neovascularization in a Chinese Woman. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2005; 49:228-230.

271. Wang AL, Liu L, Zhu XA, Cao AM, Tso MOM. Establishment of a model of retinal microglial cells activation in vitro. Journal of Peking University Health Sciences. 2005; 18;37(2):198-200.

272. Wang AL, Yu A C.H., Lau TL, Lee C, Wu LM, Zhu XA, Tso MOM. Minocycline Inhibits LPS-induced Retinal Microglia Activation. Neurochem Int. 2005; 47:152-158.

273. Zhang C, Shen J, Lam TT, Zeng HY, Chiang SK, Tso MOM. Activation of microglia and chemokines in light-induced retinal degeneration. Mol Vis. 2005; 11:8887-95.

274. Tso MOM, Goldberg MF. The Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Translational Clinical Research for Inherited and Orphan Retinal Diseases. RETINA. 2005; 25:S1-S112.

275. Tso MOM (Editor), Goldberg MF, Lee AG, ICO Task Force on Resident Education, International Council of Ophthalmology. Principles and Guidelines of a Curriculum for Education of the Ophthalmic Specialist. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 2006; 223(S 4):S1-S48

276. Tso MOM (Editor), Parrish II RK, ICO Task Force on Medical Student Education, International Council of Ophthalmology. Principles and Guidelines of a Curriculum for Medical Student Education in Ophthalmology. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 2006; 223 (S 7):S1-S19.

277. Tso MOM (Editor), Selvarajah S, ICO Task Force on Para-ophthalmic Education, International Council of Ophthalmology. Principles and Guidelines of a Curriculum for Para-ophthalmic Vision Specialist Education. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 2006; 223(S 5):S1-S19.

278. Tso MOM (Editor), Zagorski Z, ICO Task Force on CME, International Council of Ophthalmology. Principles and Guidelines of a Curriculum for Continuing Medical Education in Ophthalmology. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 2006; 223(S 7):S1-S23.

279. Wang AL, Yu A.C. H., Qi H.H., Zhu XA, Tso MOM. AGEs mediated expression and secretion of TNF alpha in rat retinal microglia. Exp Eye Res. 2007; 905-913

280. Tso MOM, Goldberg MF, Lee AG, Selvarajah S, II Parrish RK, Zagorski Z. Perspective An International Strategic Plan to Preserve and Restore Vision: Four Curricula of Ophthalmic Education. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007; 143:859-865.

281. Yang LP, Li Y, Zhu XA, Tso MOM. Minocycline delayed photoreceptor death in the rds mice through iNOS-dependent mechanism. Mol Vis 2007; 13:1073-1082

282. Yang LP, Zhu XA, Tso MOM. Minocycline and sulforaphane inhibited lipopolysaccharide-mediated retinal microglia activation. Mol Vis 2007; 13:1083-93

283. Wang AL, Tso MOM. Reply to “Comment on AGEs mediated expression and secretion of TNF alpha in rat retinal microglia by Dr. Wang et al. Exp Eye Res. 2007; 85:574

284. Yang LP, Zhu XA, Tso MOM. Role of NF-{kappa}B and MAPKs in Light-Induced Photoreceptor Apoptosis. Invest Ophthalmol & Vis Sci.. 2007; 48(10): 4766-4776

285. Wang AL, Li X, Zhu XA, Yang M, Yu A.C. H., Zhu X, Tso MOM. Sinomenine Inhibits Activation of Rat Retinal Microglia Induced by Advanced Glycation End Products. Int Immunol. 2007; 7(12):1552-8

286. Yang LP, Zhu XA, Tso MOM. A Possible Mechanism of Microglia-photoreceptor Crosstalk. Mol Vis 2007 Oct; 13:2048-57

287. Zhang C, Xu YS, Wang W, Tso MO. Pathological study of retinal excitotoxicity following subretinal injection of NMDA] Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology 2007 Oct; 43(10):922

288. Tso MOM, Zagorski Z. Reply to Andrzej Grzybowski Four Curricula of Ophthalmic Education: The Value of the History of Ophthalmology Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Nov; 144(5): 787-788.

289. Yang LP, Wu L, Guo X, Tso MOM. Activation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Degenerating Photoreceptors of the rd1 Mouse. Invest. Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Nov; 48: 5191-98.

290. Zeng HY, Green WR, Tso MOM. Microglia Activation in Human Diabetic Retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmology 2008 Feb; 126(No.2) 227-232

291. Yang LP, Wu L, Guo X, Tso MOM. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is activated in light-induced retinal degeneration. J. Neurosci Res. 2008 Mar; 86:910-919

292. Zeng HY, Tso MOM, Lai S, Lai H. Activation of nuclear factor-κB during retinal degeneration in rd Mice. Mol Vis. 2008 Jun; 14:1075-1080

293. Leung IY, Lai S, Ren S, Kempen J, Klein R, Tso MO, Lai HC. Early Retinal Vascular Abnormalities in African-American Cocaine Users. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2008 Oct; 146:612-619.

294. Yang L, Sun HL, Wu LM, Guo XJ, Dou H, Tso MO, Zhao L, Li SM. Baicalein Reduces Inflammatory Process in a Rodent Model of Diabetic Retinopathy. Invest. Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 May; Vol. 50: 2319-2327.

295. Wang AL, Lukas TJ, Yuan M, Du N, Tso MOM, Neufeld A. Autophagy and Exosomes in the Aged

               Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Possible Relevence to Drusen Formation and Age-Related Macular 
               Degeneration. PloS ONE, 2009 Jan; Vol.4; 1:1-13.

    296.  Gu S, Xing C, Han J, Tso MOM, Hong J.  Differentiation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem

cells into corneal epithelial cells in vivo and ex vivo. Mol Vis 2009 Jan; 15:99-107.

297. Lai H, Zeng H, Zhang C, Wang L, Tso MOM, Lai S. Toxic effect of methamphetamine on

                     the retina of CD1 mice.  Current Eye Research; 2009 Sep; 34(9):785-90.

298. ping Yang, Xiujuan Guo, Lingling Wu, Ying Li, Lemeng Wu, Dongmei Wang, Mark O.M.Tso.

 Retinal ganglion cell death in a DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma Microglial activation and 
 intraocular pressure. Neural Regeneration Research; 2010 April, Issue 4; 273-281.

299. Mark O.M. Tso, Changing Scenery of Eye Care in China: From Cataract to Diabetic Retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol/Vol 130 (No. 2), February, 2012; 243-245.

300. Andrew Lee, Karl Golnik, Mark Tso, Bruce Spivey, Kathleen Miller, and Tina Marie-Gauthier, Perspective – The International Council of Ophthalmology: Vision for Ophthalmic Education in an Interdependent World, Am. J Ophthalmology; 2012 Oct; 154(4):620-624.e2.

301. Yuzhao Sun, Jing Hong, Pei Zhang, Rongmei Peng, Gege Xiao, and Mark OM Tso, Pathological

            Characteristics of Acanthamoeba Keratitis in Different Clinical Stages, Histopathology, 2013 July, 63,  
            862-868.

302. Mark OM Tso, In Memoriam: Lorenz E. Zimmerman (1920-2013) and Anastasia U. Zimmerman (1923-2013), JAMA Ophthalmology; 2013 August, Volume 131, Number 8.

303. Yu-Mei Diao, Jing Hong, Rong-mei Peng, Meng Chen, and Mark Tso, Feasibility and Safety of Procine Corneal Descemet’s Membranes as a Carrier for Tissue Engineered Corneal Endothelium, Molecular Medicine Reports, 2014 December, 12:1929-1934

304. Filipe HP, Mack HG, Mayorga EA, Golnik KC, Tso Mark; ICO Guide to Effective CPD/CME: “The Relevance of CPD/CME in Medical Education and CPD Activities must be designed to help”, E-book: www.icoph.org/ICO-CPD-CME.html, July, 2016 14-16.

References

↑ Mogk, Lylas G.; Mogk, Marja (2003-01-01). Macular Degeneration. Random House Digital, Inc. pp. 97–. ISBN 978-0-345-45711-0. Retrieved 5 June 2011.

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