Dryopteris marginalis

Dryopteris marginalis
Dryopteris marginalis growing in Bucks County Pennsylvania

Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Pteridophyta
Class: Pteridopsida
Order: Polypodiales
Family: Dryopteridaceae
Genus: Dryopteris
Species: D. marginalis
Binomial name
Dryopteris marginalis
(L.) A. Gray
Range within North America
Synonyms[1]
  • Nephrodium marginale (L.) Michx.
  • Polypodium marginale L.

Dryopteris marginalis, vernacularly known as the marginal shield fern or marginal wood fern is a perennial species of fern found in damp shady areas throughout eastern North America, from Texas to Minnesota and Newfoundland. It favors moderately acid to circumneutral soils in cooler areas, but is fairly drought-resistant once established. In the warmer parts of its range, it is most likely to be found on north-facing non-calcareous rock faces. It is common in many altitudes throughout its range, from high ledges to rocky slopes and stream banks.[2] Marginal wood fern's name derives from the fact that the sori are located on the margins, or edges of the leaflets.

Description

Dryopteris marginalis showing unripe sori placement on the edges of the leaves

D. marginalis is an evergreen fern throughout its range, along with Christmas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides) it is one of the few evergreen ferns. Marginal wood fern grows from a clump with a prominent central rootstock, this rootstock may be exposed and give this fern the appearance of being like a small tree fern. Often, the dead leaves will accumulate beneath the plant. The stipe, or stem which supports the leaf is approximately 1/4 the length of the leaf and covered in bright golden brown scales.[2] The stipe itself is grooved on upward facing side and dark red-brown at the base and becoming green further up the leaf. [3]

The leaf is a dark blue green and thick and leathery in texture.[2] It grows 1-2 ft in height and approximately 6 in wide. Each leaf is broken up into leaflets which are arranged on either side of the main stalk. The tips of these leaflets are generally curved toward the tip of the leaf. These leaflets themselves are divided into subleaflets which are blunt tipped and either serrated or lobed. The fertile leaflets (leaflets bearing sori and spores) are similar to the fertile leaflets in size and appearance.[4] The round sori are located on the margins of the leaf tissue. Before the sori are ripe they start out gray then they turn an interesting blue-violet color before finally turning brown when they are mature. The sori are covered in a kidney shaped indusium which is smooth. [3]

D. marginalis is known to form hybrids with 10 other species and some of the hybrids are common, they can be identified by the malformed spores and sori which are not quite on the margins of the leaves.

References and external links

  1. ↑ "Tropicos | Name - Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray". www.tropicos.org. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 Rhoads, Ann; Block, Timothy. The Plants of Pennsylvania (2 ed.). Philadelphia Pa: University of Pennsylvania press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4003-0.
  3. 1 2 Foster, Boughten Cobb ; illustrations by Laura Louise (1987). A field guide to ferns : and their related families : Northeastern and Central North America : with a section on species also found in the British Isles and Western Europe ([New ed., pbk. ed.]. ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-19431-8.
  4. ↑ "Taxon Page". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 26 June 2016.


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