Maranao people

The Maranao people (Maranao: ['mәranaw]; Filipino: Mëranaw (based on Papanoka Mera)^[2]), also spelled Meranao, Maranaw (based on Marapatik) and Mëranaw, is the term used by the Philippine government to refer to the southern tribe who are the "people of the lake" (Ranao in the Iranaon language), a predominantly-Muslim region of the Philippine island of Mindanao. They are known for their artwork, weaving, wood and metal crafts and epic literature, the Darangen.

Etymology

The word Maranao is a misnomer as it does not have a sense in reference to nouns such as people, places or things. The prefix Ma- means 'to be', i.e., Maranao means to be a lake. Alternatively, the word Maranao may be a portmanteau of "Malay" and "Lanao" or Lake Lanao thus making it "Maranao" which means people living around Lake Lanao).

The proper term is Iranon (also Iranun) which means "People of the Lake,"^[3] referring to the indigenous people who inhabited the lands around the lake. The Maranaos are part of the wider Moro ethnic group.

The ancient people in Mainland Mindanao were called Iranun, also spelled Iranon,^[4] of the coastal area of Illana Bay (Ilian in Maranao) and Iranaon (the people in Bembaran/ Bumbaran or Bukidnon and Kiaranda a Ragata Tiongcopa Layagen, in local language).

Volcanic activity developed a flat land surface little-by-little. Modern science describes this process as sedimentary formation and residual remains that forms the low and flat land surface in the coastal areas. This land is rich and suitable for agriculture. The Maranao vernacular called it “ira” which means "remains".

Thus, the name of the people in the coastal area of Illana Bay is another portmanteau of “ira” plus “ranao” or people living in the remains in the coastal areas.

In present days, the Maranao use the word to refer to “tao sa ragat”, the people of Lanao who migrated to sea area while the Maranaos are people who stayed around the lake. They share lineages, culture, bravery, (i.g.Gandamatu sa Ranau a Tombaga sa Macadar,wadiya lantay decritan potaw dipagotngan,phagrom sa kinikhid, khansa batobarani) and history. They are called Maranao as a general term.

Culture

Maranao culture can be characterized by:

• Lake Lanao
• Sarimanok (Papanoka Mra and Mara-patik)
• Torogan
• Darangen, a UNESCO Heritage site
• Kirim, pre-Hispanic handwriting based from Arabic letters with 19 consonants and 7 vowels.
• Singkil, a Philippine dance^[5]
• Okir on wooden artifacts and brasswares
• Capmorod and Cackhalilang with Sambolayang and Pasandalan a Morog and Marigay for Kazipasa Manggis.
• Caplagood (Racing horse)

The culture of the Maranaos is centered on Lake Lanao, the largest in Mindanao, and the second-largest and deepest lake in the Philippines. This lake is the subject of various myths and legends. It supports a major fishery, and powers the hydroelectric plant installed on it; the Agus River system generates 70% of the electricity used by the people of Mindanao. A commanding view of the lake is offered by Marawi City, the provincial capital.

Language

Maranao is an Austronesian language not spoken by the Maranao people in the provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur.^[6] Because of the mass influx of Cebuano migrants to Mindanao, many Maranaos are also fluent in the Cebuano language from Visayan.

Arabic, a Central Semitic language, is spoken by a minority of the Moro people, as it is the liturgical language of Islam. Most Maranaos however, do not know Arabic beyond its religious uses.

Chavacano (sometimes spelled as Chabacano or Chabakano) is a Philippine Spanish Creole that gained popularity as a major language during the short-lived Republic of Zamboanga. Most Maranaos with part-Tausug or Yakan from Zamboanga and Basilan can speak this language, specifically the Zamboanga dialect known as Zamboangueño.

Art

Sarimanok or (Papanoka Mra) is a legendary birds of the Maranao that has become a ubiquitous symbol of their art

Sarimanok, Papanoka "Mra" or "Mara patik" is a legendary bird of the Maranao that is a ubiquitous symbol of their art. It is depicted as a Hoodhud (Arabic) with colorful wings and feathered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons. The head of Sarimanok is like the head of a Hoopoe (Balalatoc in maranaw) and is profusely decorated with scroll, leaf and spiral motifs. It is a symbol of good fortune.^[7][8]

Music

Maranao kulintang music is a type of gong music. Sarunaayfis also found among both Muslim and non-Muslim groups of the Southern Philippines. Kobbing is a Maranao instrument and Biyula is another popular Instrument. Biyula is a string instrument. In 2005, the Darangen Epic of the Maranao people of Lake Lanao was selected by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

Cuisine

Maranao cuisine is quite spicy. Traditionally cultivated spices, locally known as palapa (Bontang, native product in Gandamatu) are a common condiment.^[9] It is made of stewed scallion bulbs or “sakurab” in Maranao. Thinly sliced scallion bulbs and ginger are caramelized by slow cooking and mixed with chilies and coconut oil.^[10]

Dishes are intertwined with important cultural rituals across all aspects of Maranao culture: from birth to death.!^[11]

Social structure

Traditionally, the Maranao society is divided into two strata. Namely, Tongkayatao (Pure) and Kasilidan (Mixed blood). Kasilidan is further subdivided into categories which are as follows; Sarowang (Non-Maranao), Balbal (Beast), Dagamot (Sorcerer/Sorceress) and Bisaya (Slave). The Tongkayatao are those natives who are entitled to ascend to thrones and has a pure royal bloodline. On the other hand, the Kasilidan are those natives who are suspected of mixed bloodline. However, due to the changes brought by time, these social strata are beginning to decline due to the rise of wealth of each and every Maranao families.

Demographics

The Maranao people are shown in chocolate brown in this map.

Maranaos number about 1,142,000. Along with the Illanun and Maguindanao, the Maranao are one of three, related, indigenous groups native to Mindanao. These groups share genes, linguistic and cultural ties to non-Muslim Lumad groups such as the Tiruray or Subanon. Maranao royals have varied infusions of Arab, Indian, Malay, Javanese and Chinese ancestry.

History

As with other Indigenous and Mindanao Lumads, during the nominal occupation of the Philippines by the Spanish, and later the American and the Japanese, the Maranaos had tribal leaders whom they called Datu. In the 14th century, upon the arrival of Islam, they developed into a kingdom with a Sultan due to the influence of Muslim missionaries.

Notes and references

External links

• Maranao
• Maranao Online
• Ranao, Ranao (Lake) terms for Lanao del Sur.

The Moro | Bangsamoro
Bajau Banguingui Illanun Kalagan Maguindanao Maranao Samal Sangir Tausug Yakan