McDonnell Douglas MD-90

MD-90
BritishJET MD-90-30 landing at Gatwick Airport
Role	Narrow-body jet airliner
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	McDonnell Douglas Boeing Commercial Airplanes
First flight	February 22, 1993
Introduction	1995 with Delta Air Lines
Status	In service
Produced	1993–2000
Number built	116[1]
Unit cost	US$41.5–48.5 million
Developed from	McDonnell Douglas MD-80
Variants	McDonnell Douglas MD-94X

The McDonnell Douglas MD-90 is a twin-engine, short- to medium-range, single-aisle commercial jet airliner. The MD-90 was developed from the MD-80 series. Differences from the MD-80 include more fuel-efficient International Aero Engines V2500 engines and a longer fuselage. The MD-90 has a seating capacity of up to 172 passengers and was introduced into service with Delta Air Lines in 1995.

The MD-90 and the subsequent MD-95/Boeing 717 were derivatives of the MD-80, which itself was a derivative commercially introduced in 1980 from the DC-9.

Design and development

Background

The Douglas Aircraft Company developed the DC-9 in the 1960s as a short-range companion to their larger DC-8.^[2] The DC-9 was an all-new design, using two rear fuselage-mounted turbofan engines, and a T-tail. The DC-9 has a narrow-body fuselage design with a 5-abreast seating with a capacity of 80 to 135 passengers depending on seating arrangement and aircraft version.

The second generation of the DC-9 was originally called the DC-9-80 series or the DC-9 Super 80 but later marketed as the MD-80^[3] and entered service in 1980. McDonnell Douglas began studies into shorter derivatives of the MD-80 in 1983, these studies eventually becoming known as the MD-90. While for several years, McDonnell Douglas proposed powering the MD-90 with two propfan engines, by 1989, it was clear that there was insufficient interest in prop fan powered aircraft, and reworked their proposals to feature the IAE V2500 turbofan instead.^[4]

MD-90

The MD-90 was firmly launched on November 14, 1989, when Delta Air Lines placed an order for 50 MD-90s, with options for a further 110 aircraft.^[4] The aircraft first flew on February 22, 1993 and the first MD-90 was delivered to Delta in February 1995.^[5] The MD-90 was produced adjacent to the Long Beach Airport in Long Beach, California, USA.

China Eastern MD-90-30 showing a planform view

The MD-90 is a mid-size, medium-range airliner that was developed from the MD-80 series. It is a 5 feet (1.5 m) longer, updated version of the MD-88 with similar electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) and more powerful, quieter and fuel efficient IAE V2500 engines instead of the JT8D engines, which power the MD-80 series. This made the MD-90 the first derivative variant of the DC-9 to use a high-bypass turbofan engine. Typical seating for the MD-90 ranges from 153 to 172 passengers, depending on the cabin configuration and interior layout.^[6]

The MD-90 was produced in two versions: -30 and -30ER. The -30 has a range of 2,400 miles (3,860 km). The -30ER has a higher gross weight and range up to 2,750 miles (4,426 km) with an auxiliary fuel tank. An even longer range version, the -50, was offered but was never ordered.^[7]

The initial MD-90s feature an EFIS cockpit similar to the MD-88's cockpit.^[8] The 29 MD-90s delivered to Saudi Arabian Airlines feature a full glass cockpit with avionics and an overhead display panel similar to the MD-11's cockpit for easy transition for the airline's pilots of the MD-11, also operated by the airline.^[8][9]

Blue1 MD-90-30

No MD-90 orders were received after Boeing and McDonnell Douglas merged in 1997 due to internal competition with Boeing's 737.^[10] Delta Air Lines had initially placed a large order for the MD-90 to replace some aging Boeing 727s. After the Boeing-McDonnell Douglas merger, Delta canceled their remaining 19 MD-90 orders in favor of the Boeing 737-800.^[10][11] A total of 40 MD-90s (later 20) were to be assembled under contract in Shanghai, People's Republic of China under the Trunkliner program,^[12][13] but Boeing's decision to phase out the MD-90 resulted in only two built by Shanghai Aircraft.^[14]

MD-90 production at Long Beach, California ended in 2000 with the last airplane being delivered to Saudi Arabian Airlines,^[10] and MD-90T production at Shanghai ended in 2000. With 116 MD-90 aircraft produced, the MD-90 production run was the smallest among the DC-9 family.^[1] Two aircraft were also produced at Jiangwan Airfield in Shanghai, People's Republic of China.^[15]

Following the MD-90 in the DC-9 family was the MD-95, which was renamed the Boeing 717-200 after McDonnell Douglas (successor to Douglas Aircraft Company) merged with Boeing in 1997.^[16] The main competitors of the MD-90 included the Airbus A320 and the Boeing 737-800.

Variants

MD-90-30

Basic variant with two V2500 engines and an EFIS cockpit.

MD-90-30IGW

Increased Gross Weight version, one built.

MD-90-30ER

Extended Range (ER) version of MD-90-30, two built.

MD-90-30T "Trunkliner"

Variant of the MD-90-30 assembled by Shanghai Aviation Industrial Corporation in the People's Republic of China. Production was initially planned to be 40,^[17] later reduced to 20,^[18] with only two built in the end.^[19] To accommodate the heavy aircraft on unsuitable runways, a dual tandem landing gear with more tires to spread the weight of the aircraft was designed for the Trunkliner,^[20] but ultimately not used in the two aircraft produced.^[21] The Comac ARJ21 is built using tooling retained by the Chinese after the end of the Chinese MD-90-30 program.^[22]

Operators

As of June 2016, Delta Air Lines is the sole remaining operator with 65 in active service.^[23]

Accidents and incidents

As of October 2015, the MD-90 has been involved in three incidents,^[24] including 2 hull-loss accident,^[25] with 1 fatality.^[26]

Notable accidents and incidents

• On August 24, 1999, a UNI Air MD-90 caught fire after a passenger's carry-on luggage containing gasoline was ignited by a motorcycle battery contained in another passenger's carry-on luggage. 28 people were injured as a result of the cabin fire. The aircraft was damaged beyond economic repair.^[27][28]

Specifications

Saudi Arabian Airlines MD-90 with a non-standard glass cockpit

International Aero Engines V2500 engine powering the MD-90

Note: * With extra 565 gallon auxiliary fuel tank.
Sources: Boeing,^[29][30] Airlines.net^[31]

See also

Related development

• Boeing 717
• Comac ARJ21
• McDonnell Douglas DC-9
• McDonnell Douglas MD-80

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

• Airbus A320 family
• Boeing 737 Next Generation
• Tupolev Tu-154

Related lists

• List of civil aircraft
• List of jet airliners

References

• Becher, Thomas. Douglas Twinjets, DC-9, MD-80, MD-90 and Boeing 717. The Crowood Press, 2002. ISBN 1-86126-446-1.
• Swanborough, Gordon. "A 'Ninety for the 'Nineties". Air International, August 1993, Vol 45 No 2. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing. pp. 90–95

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to McDonnell Douglas MD-80/MD-90.

• MD-90 page on Boeing.com
• MD-80 and MD-90 history on Boeing.com
• MD-90 page on Airliners.net