London Society (organisation)

For the Victorian era illustrated monthly periodical, see London Society.
The London Society
Founded 1912 (1912)
Type Charitable organization
Registration no. England and Wales: 206270
Focus urban planning
Location
  • Mortimer Wheeler House, 46 Eagle Wharf Road, London N1 7ED
Origins Founded in 1912
Area served
London
Website www.londonsociety.org.uk

The London Society is a British membership organisation established to encourage public interest and participation in urban planning and transport matters in London as well as to study and celebrate the capital's unique history and character. It is among the oldest civic societies in the United Kingdom.

Purpose

The Society advertises itself as being "for all those who love London". Its motto reads "Antiqua Tegenda, Pulchra Petenda, Futura Colenda”. This translates as “look after the old, seek the beautiful, cultivate the future”. The Society's Journal states that "the Aim of the Society is to stimulate a wider concern for the beauty of the capital city, for the preservation of its charms and the careful consideration of its developments".[1]

History

The London Society was founded on the back of the town planning movement in the early 20th century. In the year following the first planning act of 1909 the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) held a London conference which focused attention on the capital city, and the Architectural Review began a town planning supplement. In its first issue the architect David Barclay Niven wrote a paper on the need for new roads and an system of parks in outer London before the area was swamped by new development; his ideas chimed with those of George Pepler who gave a paper at the RIBA conference suggesting that a voluntary body might undertake inquiries into London’s needs and lead public opinion. The London Society became this body.

The Society was formally inaugurated on 9th February 1912 at a meeting at the Galleries of the Royal Society of British Artists. The Earl of Plymouth accepted the position of President of The London Society. Niven took the chair at the first meeting in 1912, though he was soon succeeded by the weightier figure of Aston Webb. At a meeting held at Mansion House on 13th January 1913, under the presidency of the Lord Mayor, Earl Curzon of Kedleston (later the 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston) delivered an address that neatly described its objects as being "to make London beautiful where it is not so already, and to keep it beautiful where it already is". [2]

By the end of 1913 the Society’s membership was over 400, including 65 MPs and peers, 9 members of the London County Council and many practicing architects and surveyors. Early members included architects, planners and engineers in addition to politicians and artists. Its formation partly reflected a shift from a 19th-century philanthropic approach to urban reform to a more professional and democratic attempt to planning of the whole urban environment.[3][4] It predated the establishment of the Royal Town Planning Institute in 1914. The journalist Thomas Raffles Davison wrote:

“The chief issue is the good of London, its orderly and beautiful development, its general amenity as a place for business or pleasure”, and that the Society’s role was “to think about the Future of London and its improvement” as well as “the jealous preservation of all that is old and beautiful in London as far as is possible.”

The Society developed the first Development Plan of Greater London (1919) which influenced thinking about shaping places and the post-war planning put forward in Patrick Abercrombie’s Greater London Plan (1944). This was the first attempt to envisage the management of London as a functional metropolitan region and a key step in developing the notion of a green belt. The first major project to be taken up by the Society, the Development Plan pulled together many of the ideas for roads and open spaces being canvassed in the years before the Great War. War delayed this work though preparation of the plan provided some employment for architects when new building more or less ended. The plan was completed in 1917 but government controls prevented its publication until the end of 1918.The Metropolitan Police had covered a wide area since its establishment in 1829 but otherwise the concept of a Greater London to be planned as a whole was forward-looking and not given administrative force until the establishment of the Greater London Council in 1965.When Patrick Abercrombie was asked to draft a plan for the LCC area in 1941 he commented that he would only do it if he could follow the lead of the London Society and do a plan for Greater London as well.

By the early twenty-first century the Society's activities had begun to focus increasingly on heritage and conservation. For this reason, following its centenary in 2012, the Society's executive committee proposed merging the organisation into the Heritage of London Trust (HOLT). This prompted an influential group of professionals to intervene and set out an alternative vision for the future, instead making the case for retaining and reinvigorating the charity with a renewed focus on its original abject a. A vote was taken amongst members of the Society at an Extraordinary General Meeting in December 2013. This prevented the merger and the Society was formally relaunched in September 2014 by a new executive committee.

Modern society

Membership of the London Society is open to all. The society is supported by a range of patrons and members, both organisational and individual.

Notable members

The founding members of the Society were “an extraordinary assemblage of the Great and the Good”.[5] Its first chair was Aston Webb. Its vice-presidents included Lord Curzon, former Viceroy of India, John Elliot Burns, then President of the Local Government Board, Lord Northcliffe, owner of The Times, and retail tycoon Gordon Selfridge.

In March 1914 The Builder commented that “architects are the backbone of the London Society”.[5] Indeed, notable early members of the Council and Executive Committee include Sir Edwin Lutyens, Raymond Unwin, Sir Aston Webb, Stanley Davenport Adshead, Arthur Beresford Pite, David Barclay Niven,[6] and Reginald Blomfield. The architectural legacy of many of these early members is evident both within London and beyond: Lutyens was architect of The Cenotaph and New Delhi, Unwin designer of garden cities such as Welwyn and Letchworth and Hampstead Garden Suburb, Webb as architect of the front façade of Buckingham Palace and the V&A Museum, and Adshead as President of the Royal Institute of British Architects.

Those from beyond the architectural professions included illustrator Thomas Raffles Davison, artist and president of the Royal Academy, Frank Brangwyn (who worked alongside Diego Rivera and Josep Maria Sert to decorate the concourse of the RCA Building in New York), publisher J. M. Dent (producer of the Everyman's Library series) and politician Reginald Brabazon, 12th Earl of Meath.

At the time of the 2014 relaunch, the executive committee comprised: Peter Barber, Peter Bishop, Patricia Brown, Michael Coupe, Benjamin Derbyshire, Kathryn Firth, Martin Hart, Edward Jones, Jonathan Manns, Nick McKeogh, David Michon, Peter Murray (chairman), Clive Price, Mark Prizeman, Eric Reynolds, Eric Sorensen and Deyan Sudjic.

Journal

The Journal of the London Society was first produced in 1913, and, while the format has changed over time, it has been published ever since. It is now published twice a year and distributed free of charge to members. The current editor is Philippa Stockley and the honorary editor is David Michon.

White papers

From its earliest days it has produced reports and contributed to debates about the future of London and various of its landmarks (e.g: London churches, Euston Arch, the British Museum, etc). Indeed, a collection of essays published in 1921 was entitled London of the Future.[7] In this context, the Society has historically played a significant ‘thought leadership’ role.[8] To continue this work the Society in 2014 launched a series of occasional white papers by those at the forefront of debate about the city.[8] These are considered on their merit. They are professionally rigorous, peer-reviewed and intended to direct discussion about the evolution of London. Those published to-date include:

Green Sprawl: Our current affection for a preservation myth? (2014)

The Society’s first white paper was authored by the English urban planner and surveyor Jonathan Manns. It provides a comprehensive history of the evolution of London’s green belt from the 19th century until the 1960s and contextualizes this with a consideration of that which existed in the early 21st Century. Regarded as "an excellent historical account of the establishment of the Green Belt around London",[9] the report attracted wide coverage and prompted an update of the House of Commons Standard Note on Green Belt (SN/SC/934) and subsequent Research Briefings.[10][11] The most widely reported element within the public media was its emphasis on the need to “move away from the simplistic and naïve idea that that countryside is a sacrosanct patchwork of medieval hedgerows and towards an empirically informed position which once more recognises housing as a need to be met in locations with appropriate environmental capacity.”[12] Manns said:

"This means asking ourselves how best to meet the challenges faced today in an holistic and strategic manner. Would we devise the current green belt if we started again today and do we actually need the green belt in certain places? It emerged as an idea that flexibly evolved and adapted to respond to the perceived challenges facing each generation. We can and should have the confidence to build on these achievements and re-envisage it for those that follow.”[13]

Building Greater London: An end to the Capital’s crisis of affordability (2015)

Written by Ben Derbyshire, English architect (managing partner of HTA Design), it considers London’s housing shortage at the start of the 21st century and proposes solutions, including a strategic revamp of the structure of governance for the economic region of Greater London and consideration of the kinds of housing solutions that the leadership of such an entity could pursue. Looking to examples from elsewhere in the world, the implication of Derbyshire's work is that London has fallen behind; he told Building: "Melbourne has built example homes of different kinds all around its central business district, San Francisco has got a larger area with greater powers and is encouraging a more diverse offer".[14] He said:

"The people most adversely affected by the affordability crisis are London’s young who are struggling to find places to live in the city, yet on the other hand they are the entrepreneurial seedbed of the city’s future.”[14]

Re/Shaping London: Unlocking Sustainable Growth in West London and Beyond (2016)

Jointly authored by Jonathan Manns and Dr Nicholas Falk, this paper sets out recommendations as to how planning could be done better in England and gives consideration to the opportunities in West London. It was published by the London Society in association with the All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) for London's Planning and Built Environment. The most publicized idea was for a 'green web' to replace the 'green belt' in some locations, with the ambition being to create a "multifunctional green infrastructure landscape" in which new-build and publicly accessible natural space sat side-by-side.[15][16] It also calls for a new Garden City at Northolt Airport and a new orbital railway linking Uxbridge and Staines via West Drayton and Heathrow. Huq, who chairs the APPG, said:

"It is only through innovative fresh-thinking such as this that we can begin to chart a course towards the type of cities in which we wish to live."[17]

APPG

The London Society provides the secretariat for the UK Government's All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) on London's Planning and Built Environment. The APPG was launched by the Society in October 2015 and was the first cross-party group to focus on London's planning and built environment for some 50 years. The first chair was Rupa Huq and vice-chair Paul Scully, with the Bishop of London being Lords liaison and Helen Hayes acting as treasurer.[18]

Library

The library is a research resource for matters relating to the history of London and contains over 3,500 items. It is held at Mortimer Wheeler House. Its contents include books, periodicals, maps, press cuttings, letters and drawings. Access is available to members on request.

Activities

Society events include member visits to places of interest, keynote lectures (including the annual Banister Fletcher Lecture), debates and social events. These are intended to bring together those with a particular interest in the city, whatever their age or interests.

Banister Fletcher Lecture

Sir Banister Flight Fletcher (1866 – 1953) was an English architect and architectural historian. He was President of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) from 1929-1931. With his father he co-authored A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method (1896) which became the standard architectural textbook for much of the twentieth century. Banister Fletcher was an early member of the society and his will provided a small bequest to the society on condition that it held an annual lecture in his name, which was inaugurated upon his death. Speakers have included:

References

  1. ↑ This is stated on the inside page of each edition from No.466 onwards (Autumn/Winter 2014)
  2. ↑ Webb, A (ed.), London of the Future, London Society, 1921, p.17
  3. ↑ Helen Beaufoy (1997), Order out of chaos: the London Society and the planning of London 1912–1920, Planning Perspectives, volume 12, issue 2, pp.135-164.
  4. ↑ Lucy Hewitt (2011), Towards a greater urban geography: regional planning and associational networks in London during the early twentieth century, Planning Perspectives, volume 26, issue 3.
  5. 1 2 Hall, P., Cities of Tomorrow: An Intellectual History of Urban Planning and Design, Blackwell, 2014
  6. ↑ David Barclay Niven, Dictionary of Scottish Architects - http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/architect_full.php?id=100247
  7. ↑ http://www.discoverlondonbridge.co.uk/default.aspx?m=26&mi=172&ms=60&title=Regeneration
  8. 1 2 Journal of the London Society, No.467 (Spring/Summer 2015), p.44
  9. ↑ Planning Officers Society, Planning for a Better Future: Our Planning Manifesto for the Next Government, Aylesbury, March 2015
  10. ↑ House of Commons Library, Standard Note on Green Belt, SN/SC/934, December 2014
  11. ↑ House of Commons Library, Briefing Paper: Green Belt, Number 00934, June 2015
  12. ↑ "London's green belt isn’t sacrosanct … we need to build homes on it", Jonathan Prynn, Evening Standard, 9 December 2014
  13. ↑ http://ihbconline.co.uk/newsachive/?p=9292 "The London Society: Green Belt a ‘current affectation’?'", IHBC NewsBlog, Institute of Historic Building and Conservation, 9 December 2014
  14. 1 2 "Greater London 'needs housing revolution'", Tim Clark, Building, 7 April 2015
  15. ↑ Dunton, J., "Report backs 'green web' plan for London", Planning Resource, 21 October 2016.
  16. ↑ Edgar, L., "Replace London’s green belt with ‘green web’ to deliver housing", The Planner, 21 October 2016.
  17. ↑ Clark, T., "Report says use green belt to build 200,000 homes in west London", Building Design, 21 October 2016.
  18. ↑ Edgar, L., "London Society inaugurates APPG for London’s Planning and Built Environment", The Planner, 23 October 2015
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