Locomotives of New Zealand

Locomotives of New Zealand currently in operation owned by KiwiRail consist of 172 diesel-electric locomotives, 22 electric locomotives, 3 railcars, and 103 shunting locomotives. There are also 19 diesel multiple units in Auckland, owned by Auckland Transport, 71 electric multiple units owned by the Greater Wellington Regional Council, 57 electric multiple units owned by Auckland Transport, and diesel-electric and steam locomotives and railcars in working order owned by private companies or preservation societies.

All New Zealand's main-line locomotives are 1067 mm (3 foot 6 inch) gauge.

Classification details

The locomotives of KiwiRail and its predecessors are divided into classes. Each class was designed to perform specific duties. A class can be as small as one individual locomotive, and the largest class to run on New Zealand rails was the DA class, which comprised 146 locomotives.

20 new DL class Chinese-built diesel electric locomotives arrived in mid-2012.

Steam locomotives (which were retired from regular service by the end of October 1971) were originally categorised with just a single letter, such as the "F class". When a new class was built as an enhancement of an old class, the old class's letter was re-used, followed by a superscript upper-case letter. For example, the 1906 A class was followed by the A^A and A^B classes.

Diesel-electric and electric locomotive classifications originally consisted of an upper-case D or E respectively followed by a second and sometimes a third (sub-class) letter. The second and third letters are sometimes represented as smaller-sized upper case (for example, as seen on many locomotive cab-side number plates).

Diesel and diesel-electric classes appear to have originally been classified, after the first class letter ('D' as alluded to above), by the second letter being allocated to indicate the country of manufacture (for example DA for the American EMD designs, which were also, later, built in Canada and Australia; DE for England or 'English Electric'; DJ for the Mitsubishi units from Japan). Whilst this was a reasonable starting point, such issues as the introduction of 'sister models' and sub-classing caused by rebuild and refurbishment resulted in the pragmatic, contiguous use of other class letters. For example, the eight-cylinder version of the DA class became the DB class, and was later rebuilt as the DBR. When the DA class rebuilding began, the rebuilt locomotives became the DC class. Following the DJ there was a large gap in the classification continuum as NZR took a different tack and catalogued their new GE power as the DX class and then (because the original DFs had since been withdrawn) new Canadian-built EMD units took over the DF classification.

There are exceptions, and new classes were not always given the classification that alphabetically followed that of the previous class that had most recently been acquired. If an entire class had been withdrawn from service and the classification no longer in use, it was sometimes re-used; for example, two A classes exist, one from 1873 and one from 1906.

Traffic Monitoring System

Following the introduction of the computer-based Traffic Monitoring System (TMS) and consequent renumbering, classes were identified by the two upper-case letters with the first letter remaining D or E respectively and sub-classes being indicated by a third upper-case letter, such as DAA (DA modified for hump shunting), DAR (DA with rebuilt superstructure), DFT (DF with turbo-conversion), DXR (rebuilt DX), DQ (EMD units imported from Queensland), QR (EMD units imported from Queensland and placed into service unrebuilt - this non-standard classification originally intended to be temporary as these units were intended to eventually undergo rebuild). Most diesel-electric shunting locomotives have a three-letter classification with DS as the first two letters, following on from the original diesel-electric shunting class that was known simply as the DS class.

For electric locomotives the second letter often referred to where the locomotive was based, such as EC in Christchurch, EO in Otira and EW in Wellington. The ED and EF classes were an exception. The EM class in Wellington possibly stands for Electric Motor. ET is Electric Trailer. The DM class units were an exception to this.

Almost all railcars were classified RM (Rail Motor), and individual classes were known by alternate names such as the Vulcan railcars of the South Island and the Wairarapa railcars that ran over the Rimutaka Incline to the Wairarapa.

Liveries

New Zealand's locomotives have appeared in several different liveries over the ages. Steam locomotives were mainly black. When the railcars and first-generation diesels came in, they were painted in "carnation red" with a white or yellow stripe.

In the 1970s the first different livery appeared. Eleven members of the DJ class were painted "Southerner Blue" (mainly dark blue) to haul the Southerner express in the South Island. The Silver Fern railcars appeared in stainless steel, and the DX class, appearing in 1972, were painted "clockwork orange" (orange and yellow). In 1978, the rebuilt DC class appeared in "fruit salad" (red, yellow, grey and black), and many locomotives followed suit. Following the split of New Zealand Rail Limited from the New Zealand Railways Corporation in 1991, a modified livery of blue, yellow, grey and black appeared. For the first time, locomotives wore the name of their operator - New Zealand Rail - in prominent view. This livery was continued after 1993 when New Zealand Rail Limited was privatised, and was slightly modified when the company was renamed Tranz Rail in 1995 by replacing the New Zealand Rail logo with the new Tranz Rail logo and using a different tone of blue, known after Wellington-based creators, Cato Partners, who also designed brands for the divisions of Tranz Rail.^[1]

In 2001 a new livery to promote level crossing safety was trialed on DC 4323. This colour scheme was nicknamed "bumble bee" because of its black and yellow colours. Following the takeover of Tranz Rail by Australia's Toll Holdings in 2004, Toll Rail's livery appeared, nicknamed "corn cob", consisting of green and yellow. That same year, DC class (and now DFT/DFB class) locomotives being used on Auckland commuter services began wearing the MAXX livery, which was dark blue and yellow with a MAXX logo on the side. When the New Zealand Government bought Toll NZ's rail and sea operations in 2008, it rebranded them as KiwiRail and introduced its own livery, consisting of grey and red (a second version later followed). Most of today's locomotives are painted in "fruit salad", blue, "bumble bee", "corn cob" or KiwiRail.

List of locomotive classes

This is a list of all classes of locomotives that operate or have operated on New Zealand's national railway network. It does not include locomotives used on private industrial lines or bush tramways. It is believed to be complete, and is sorted in alphabetical order rather than within type. Articles on specific individual classes can be accessed from this page.

Diesel-electric locomotives

(This list includes shunting classes. Some shunting classes worked on revenue services as well as performing yard shunting duties, most notably the DE class when it hauled Queen Elizabeth II's royal train in the early 1950s.)

Image	Class		Numbers		Number in class	Year(s) introduced	Year(s) withdrawn	Power output	Notes
Image	TMS (1980)	pre-1980	TMS (1980)	pre-1980	Number in class	Year(s) introduced	Year(s) withdrawn	Power output	Notes
	DA	D^A	86 - 996	1400 - 1545	146	1955 - 1967	1974 - 1989	1,060 kW (1,420 hp)	85 rebuilt as DC class, 5 as DAA, 1 as DAR
	DAA	D^AA	11 - 63	1400 - 1404, 1406	5	1971	1989	1,060 kW (1,420 hp)	DA class refitted for low speed running
	DAR		517		1	1989	2009	1,060 kW (1,420 hp)	Modified DA designed for heavy duty shunting
	DB	D^B	1001 - 1180	1000 - 1016	17	1965 - 1966	1980 - 1989	705 kW (945 hp)	10 rebuilt as DBR
	DBR		1199 - 1295		10	1980 - 1982	2002–present	705 kW (945 hp)	Rebuilt DB
	DC	D^C	4006 - 4951	1551 - 1599	85	1978 - 1983	1992–present	1,100 kW (1,500 hp) 1,230 kW (1,650 hp)	Rebuilt DA, two types, one with 12-645C engines, and one with 12-645E engines.
	DCP		4277 - 4945		14		still in use	1,230 kW (1,650 hp)	DC designated for passenger services
	DE	D^E	1308 - 1458	501 - 515	15	1952	1984 - 1989	490 kW (660 hp)
		D^F (1954)		1500 - 1510 (1954) 1300 - 1309 (1960)	10	1954	1972 - 1975	1,120 kW (1,500 hp)	New Zealand's first mainline diesel locomotive
	DF	D^F (1979)	6006 - 6317	1651 - 1670	30	1979 - 1981	1992 - 1997	1,230 kW (1,650 hp)	All rebuilt as DFT
	DFB		7010 - 7348		10	2006	still in use	1,800 kW (2,400 hp)	Upgraded DFT
	DFM		7036 - 7226		3		All reclassified as DFT internally	1,800 kW (2,400 hp)	Upgraded DFT
	DFT		7008 - 7348		30	1992 - 1997	2013–present	1,800 kW (2,400 hp)	Rebuilt DF
	DG	D^G	2007 - 2468	750 - 791	42	1955 - 1956	1983	560 kW (750 hp)	11 were rebuilt from 1956 DH class
		D^H (1956)		766, 772, 777 - 783	11	1956	1968	560 kW (750 hp)	Variant of DG class; all rebuilt as DG
	DH	D^H	2816 - 2868	900 - 905	6	1978	still in use	672 kW (901 hp)
	DI	D^I	1808 - 1843	1100 - 1104	5	1966	1988 - 1989	755 kW (1,012 hp)
	DJ	D^J	3009 - 3689	1200 - 1263	64	1968 - 1969	1986 - 1991	672 kW (901 hp)
	DL		9008 - 9515		48	2010–2015		2,700 kW (3,600 hp)
	DQ		6007 -6036, 6324 - 6416		15	1996 - 1998	1998 - 2013	1,120 kW (1,500 hp)	Rebuilt QR; originally from Queensland.
	DSC	D^SC	2000 - 2759	400 - 469	70	1959 - 1967	1989–present	315 kW (422 hp)
	DSG		3005 - 3304		24	1981 - 1983	still in use	700 kW (940 hp)
	DSJ		4004 - 4060		5	1984 - 1985	still in use	350 kW (470 hp)
	DX	D^X	5016 - 5520	2600 - 2648	49	1972 - 1975	All Rebuilt as DXC & DXB	2,050 kW (2,750 hp)	2 rebuilt as DXR
	DXB		5016 - 5166 & 5448		12		still in use	2,050 kW (2,750 hp)	Upgraded DX
	DXC		5172 - 5520 5039		28		still in use	2,050 kW (2,750 hp)	DX class upgraded especially for Midland Line coal trains (C = coal)
	DXH				0		All rebuilt as DXB and DXC	2,050 and 2,400 kW (2,750 and 3,220 hp)	Upgraded DX
	DXR		8007, 8022		2	1993, 2006	still in use	2,420 kW (3,250 hp)	Rebuilt DX
	EB	E^B	1809 - 1821	25 - 29	5	1925, 1929	1976 - 1980	23 kW (31 hp)	Originally battery-electric
	QR		2027 - 2102, 3032		25	1997	1999	1,120 kW (1,500 hp)	Originally from Queensland; 15 rebuilt as DQ

Diesel-mechanical and diesel-hydraulic locomotives

Electric locomotives

Image	Class		Numbers		Number in class	Year(s) introduced	Year(s) withdrawn	Voltage	Power output	Notes
Image	TMS (1980)	pre-1980	TMS (1980)	pre-1980	Number in class	Year(s) introduced	Year(s) withdrawn	Voltage	Power output	Notes
	EO	E^A	39 - 74	1 - 5	5	1968, 2008	1997, 2011	1500V DC overhead	960 kW (1,290 hp)	Originally EA, reclassified EO in 1980. 3 returned to service in 2008 for Wellington suburban service. Withdrawn again in late 2011. 4 scrapped in 2013, 1 preserved.
		E^C		7 - 12	6	1928 - 1929	1970	1500V DC overhead	885 kW (1,187 hp)
	ED	E^D	15, 21	101 - 110	10	1938	1969 - 1981	1500V DC overhead	670 kW (900 hp)
	EF		30007 - 30249		22	1986 - 1988	1991–present	25kV 50Hz AC overhead	3,000 kW (4,000 hp)	Originally Class 30, reclassified EF
		E^O		2 - 6	5	1923	1968	1500V DC overhead	510 kW (680 hp)
	EW	E^W	107 - 171	1800 - 1806	7	1952	1988	1500V DC overhead	1,340 kW (1,800 hp)

Battery electric locomotives

E
EB (later converted to diesel-electric)

Electric multiple units

All Wellington electric multiple units operate on 1500V DC overhead. Auckland's electric multiple units run on 25kV AC overhead.

Class	Number in class	Location	In service	Formation	Passenger capacity	Notes
DM/D	49	Wellington	1938 - 2012	D - DM (two-car) D - DM - D (three-car)	132 (two-car) 204 (three-car)	6 sets preserved in museum or private use.
EM/ET	44	Wellington	1982 - 2016	EM - ET	148	One set preserved at Canterbury Railway Society.
FP/FT	74	Wellington	2010 - present	FP - FT	147	Named Matangi, after the Māori word for "wind".
AM	57	Auckland	2014 - present	AMP - AMT - AMA	230

Railcars

All railcars, unless otherwise stated, are designated RM class. For purposes here, they are classified under their common names.

Class	Number in class	In service	Power type	Passenger capacity	Notes
88-seater	35	1955 - 1978	Diesel-mechanical	88	Also known as Fiat or twinset; 14 were converted to AC class articulated carriages
Silver Fern	3	1972–present	Diesel-electric	96	Used for excursions
Standard	6	1938 - 1972	Diesel-mechanical	48 - 52
Vulcan	9	1940 - 1978	Diesel-mechanical	48 - 50
Wairarapa	7	1936 - 1956	Diesel-mechanical	25 - 49

Experimental railcars included the following:

Diesel multiple units

Image	Class	Number in class	In service	Formation	Passenger capacity	Notes
	ADK/ADB	9	1993 - 2014	ADK - ADB	134	Ex Transperth
	ADL/ADC	10	1993–present	ADL - ADC	128	Ex Transperth

Steam locomotives

Image	Class	Numbers	Number in class	Year(s) introduced	Year(s) withdrawn	Whyte notation	Notes
	A of 1873		14	1873	1905	0-4-0T
	A of 1906		58	1906	1969	4-6-2	Includes 30 locomotives reclassified from A^D
	A^A		10	1914	1957	4-6-2
	A^B		141	1915	1969	4-6-2	New Zealand's most prolific class of steam locomotive; 10 rebuilt from W^AB class
	A^D		30	1910	1916	4-6-2	Reclassified A in 1916
	B of 1874		2	1874	1890	0-4-4-0T Double Fairlie
	B of 1899		10	1899	1967	4-8-0	Three rebuilt as W^E class
	B^A		10	1911	1969	4-8-0
	B^B		30	1915	1968	4-8-0
	B^C		1	1902	1927	2-8-2	Originally from Wellington & Manawatu Railway (nationalised 1908)
	C of 1873		16	1873	1920	0-4-0ST original 0-4-2ST rebuild
	C of 1930		24	1930	1968	2-6-2
	D of 1874		35	1874	1927	2-4-0T
	E of 1872		8	1872	1906	0-4-4-0T Double Fairlie
	E of 1906		1	1906	1917	2-6-6-2T Mallet
	F		88	1872	1964	0-6-0T
	F^A		13	1892	1943	0-6-2T
	F^B		13	1897	1943	0-6-2T
	G of 1874		4	1874	1918	4-4-0ST
	G of 1928		3	1928	1937	4-6-2+2-6-4 Garratt	All rebuilt as G of 1937
	G of 1937		6	1937	1956	4-6-2	Rebuilt from G of 1928
	H	199 - 204	6	1878	1955	0-4-2T Fell	Includes H 199, the only remaining Fell locomotive in the world
	J of 1874		32	1874	1935	2-6-0
	J of 1939	1200 - 1239	40	1939	1971	4-8-2	12 were rebuilt as J^B class
	J^A	1240 - 1290	51	1946 - 1956	1964 - 1971	4-8-2	Includes J^A 1274 - the last NZR steam locomotive built.
	J^B		12			4-8-2	Oil-burning variant of 1939 J class. 12 locomotives rebuilt from J class.
	K of 1877		8	1877	1927	2-4-2
	K of 1932	900 - 929	30	1932	1967	4-8-4
	K^A	930 - 964	35	1939 - 1950	1964 - 1967	4-8-4	Modified version of K with roller bearings and ACFI feedwater heaters
	K^B	965 - 970	6	1939	1968	4-8-4	K^A class fitted with trailing-wheel boosters
	L		10	1877	1901 - 1939	2-4-0T 4-4-0T 4-4-2T
	L^A		5	1887 - 1892	1920 - 1928	4-4-0T	Originally from New Zealand Midland Railway (nationalised 1900)
	M		4	1875	1919 - 1928	0-6-0T 2-4-4T
	N		12	1885	1934	2-6-2	Two originally from Wellington & Manawatu Railway (nationalised 1908)
	N^A		2	1894	1929	2-6-2	Originally from Wellington & Manawatu Railway (nationalised 1908)
	N^C		2	1902	1931	2-6-2	Originally from Wellington & Manawatu Railway (nationalised 1908)
	O		6	1885	1922	2-8-0
	O^A		1	1894	1929	2-8-0	Originally from Wellington & Manawatu Railway (nationalised 1908)
	O^B		2	1888	1931	2-8-0	Originally from Wellington & Manawatu Railway (nationalised 1908)
	O^C		1	1896	1930	2-8-0	Originally from Wellington & Manawatu Railway (nationalised 1908)
	P of 1876		2	1876	1885	0-6-0ST
	P of 1885		10	1885	1930	2-8-0
	Q of 1878		2	1878	1898	2-4-4T
	Q of 1901		13	1901	1957	4-6-2	The world's first 4-6-2 Pacific locomotive
	R		18	1878	1936	0-6-4T Single Fairlie
	S		7	1880	1927	0-6-4T Single Fairlie
	T		6	1879	1928	2-8-0
	U		9	1894	1959	4-6-0
	U^A		6	1899	1937	4-6-0
	U^B		22	1901	1957	4-6-0
	U^C		10	1901	1959	4-6-0
	U^D		2	1904	1931	4-6-0	Originally from Wellington & Manawatu Railway (nationalised 1908)
	V		13	1885	1937	2-6-2	Three originally from Wellington & Manawatu Railway (nationalised 1908)
	W	192, 238	2	1889	1959	2-6-2T	Includes W 192, the first NZR locomotive built in New Zealand.
	W^A		11	1892	1962	2-6-2T
	W^AB		30	1918 - 1927	1947 - 1969	4-6-4T	14 rebuilt from W^S class; 10 rebuilt as A^B class
	W^B		12	1898	1957	2-6-2T
	W^D		18	1901	1936	2-6-4T
	W^E		3	1902	1969	4-6-4T	Rebuilt from B of 1899; equipped with Fell centre rail braking for use on Rimutaka and Rewanui Inclines.
	W^F		41	1904	1969	2-6-4T
	W^G		20	1910	1964	4-6-4T	14 rebuilt as W^W class
	W^H		3	1884	1927	2-4-2T	Originally from Wellington & Manawatu Railway (nationalised 1908)
	W^J		1	1904	1928	2-8-4T	Originally from Wellington & Manawatu Railway (nationalised 1908)
	W^S		14	1917	1936	4-6-4T	All rebuilt as W^AB class
	W^W		51	1913	1969	4-6-4T	14 rebuilt from W^G class
	X		18	1909	1957	4-8-2	The world's first 4-8-2 Mountain locomotive
	Y		3	1923	1958	0-6-0T

Steam locomotive notes:

^ Two other types of locomotives built in the 1870s were included in the A class. All three had a wheel arrangement of 0-4-0T, but were technically and aesthetically quite different. The other A types are often known as the Shanks A and the Mills A, after their respective builders.
^ A completely different type of locomotive was nominally classified as being the solitary member of the S class in 1877 (the main S class was not introduced until 1880), but it was typically known as Robina.

References

↑ "Cato Partners - Tranz Rail". Retrieved 28 December 2011.

Heath, Eric, and Stott, Bob; Classic Railcars, Electric and Diesel Locomotives Of New Zealand, Grantham House, 1993
Heath, Eric, and Stott, Bob; Classic Steam Locomotives Of New Zealand, Grantham House, 1993

External links

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