List of power stations in South Africa
South Africa produces around 240,300 gigawatt-hours (865,000 TJ) electricity annually.[1]2007 est. Most of this electricity is consumed domestically, but around 12,000 gigawatt-hours[2] are annually exported to Swaziland, Botswana, Mozambique, Lesotho, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe and other Southern African Development Community countries participating in the Southern African Power Pool.[3] South Africa supplements its electricity supply by importing around 9,000 GWh per year from the Cahora Bassa hydroelectric generation station in Mozambique via the 1,920 MW Cahora Bassa high-voltage direct current transmission system of which 1500 MW is sold to South Africa.[4][5]
Most power stations in South Africa are owned and operated by Eskom. These plants account for 95% of all the electricity produced in South Africa and 45% of all electricity produced on the African continent.[6][7]
In terms of share of GDP in 2012, South Africa was the 4th largest investor in renewable power in the world after Uruguay, Mauritius and Costa Rica.[8]
The following is a list of electricity generating facilities within South Africa that are larger than 2 MW capacity. It contains currently operational facilities and facilities under construction. As far as possible the net power output in megawatts is listed, i.e. the maximum power the power station can deliver to the grid.
For notable facilities that are not operating or have been decommissioned see List of decommissioned power stations in South Africa
Type | Generating capacity [MW] |
---|---|
Total capacity | 52,811 |
Fossil fuels | 43,485 |
Low carbon (renewable, nuclear + imported hydro) | 9,326 |
Type | Capacity [MW] |
---|---|
Coal | 40,036 |
Gas turbine | 3,449 |
Hydro | 3,573 |
Nuclear | 1,860 |
Wind | 1,369 |
Solar PV | 1,149 |
Solar CSP | 200 |
Landfill gas | 7.5 |
Imported Hydro | 1,500 |
Fossil fuels
Coal fired
South Africa has rich coal deposits concentrated in the north-east of the country and as such the majority of South Africa's coal-fired plants are located in the Mpumalanga province. Around 77% of South Africa's energy needs are directly derived from coal[9] and 81% of all coal consumed domestically goes towards electricity production.[10] Historically this has given South Africa access to cheap electricity, but it is also one of the leading reasons that the country is in the top 20 list of carbon dioxide emitting countries.[11][12][13]
Gas turbine
Low carbon power and renewable energy
Hydroelectric
For a more complete list of hydro power stations from large to pico size, see the African hydropower database.
Nuclear
The two reactors at Koeberg are (as of 2010) the only commercial nuclear power plants on the African continent[71] and accounts for around 5% of South Africa's electricity production.[6] Low and intermediate waste is disposed of at Vaalputs Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility in the Northern Cape.
Power plant | Province | Date commissioned | Capacity (Megawatt) | Annual output GWh | Capacity factor % | Status | Coordinates | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Koeberg nuclear power station | Western Cape | 1984 | 1,860 | 13668 | 84 | Operational | 33°40′35.2″S 18°25′55.37″E / 33.676444°S 18.4320472°E | [71][72] |
Wind power
Eskom constructed one small scale prototype wind farm at Klipheuwel in the Western Cape and another demonstrator site is near Darling with phase 1 completed.
The South African Department of Energy allocated 634 MW of wind capacity in the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme – bid window 1.[73][74][75]
In bid window 2, 562.5 MW capacity was allocated.[76][77]
In bid window 3, 787 MW were allocated[78]
In bid window 4, 676 MW was awarded.[79][80]
In bid window 4 (additional), 687 MW was added.[81]
Concentrated solar power
Concentrated solar power uses molten salt energy storage in a tower or trough configurations.
The South African Department of Energy allocated 150 MW of concentrated solar power (CSP) capacity in the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme – bid window 1.[73][74][75]
In the Renewable Energy IPP Procurement Programme: window 2, a capacity of 50 MW was allocated[76][77]
In the Renewable Energy IPP Procurement Programme: window 3, a capacity of 200 MW was allocated.[178]
In an additional bid allocation to window 4, a further 100 MW was allocated.
Power plant | Province | Date commissioned (expected) | Installed capacity MW (planned) | Annual output GWh (expected) | Capacity factor % (expected) | Energy storage [hours] | Status | Coordinates | Operator | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Khi Solar One | Northern Cape, | Feb 2016
(2014) |
50 | (190) | (43) | 2 | Operational | 28°32′08″S 21°04′41″E / 28.535584°S 21.078022°E | Abengoa | Area: 6 km2 |
KaXu Solar One | Northern Cape, Pofadder | March 2015
(2014) |
100 | (320) | (36) | 2.5 | Operational | 28°52′46″S 19°35′34″E / 28.879503°S 19.592789°E | Abengoa | Total investment: US$891 million |
Bokpoort CSP | Northern Cape, Groblershoop | Dec 2015 | 50 | (200) | (45) | 9.3 | Operational | 28°43′26.96″S 21°59′34.88″E / 28.7241556°S 21.9930222°E | ACWA Power | $328 million |
Xina CSP South Africa | Northern Cape, Pofadder | (2016) | (100) | (380) | (44) | 5 | Under construction | 28°53′40.56″S 19°35′53.52″E / 28.8946000°S 19.5982000°E | Abengoa | $880 million total investment |
Ilanga 1 | Northern Cape, Upington | (March 2017) | (100) | 4.5 | Under construction | 28°29′25.79″S 21°32′27.13″E / 28.4904972°S 21.5408694°E | Karoshoek Consortium | [193][194] | ||
Kathu Solar Park | Northern Cape, Kathu | (2nd half 2018) | (100) | (383) | 4.5 | Under construction[195] | 27°31′59.67″S 23°8′10.56″E / 27.5332417°S 23.1362667°E | Engie | Parabolic Trough
R12 billion (2016) | |
Redstone Solar Thermal Power | Northern Cape, Postmasburg | (early 2018) | (100) | (480) | (54) | 12 | Contracting | 28°17′53″S 23°21′56″E / 28.29806°S 23.36556°E | SolarReserve | Tower configuration, dry cooling. Area 6.07 km². $715 million[200] R8 billion capital cost, R150 million yearly running costs (2015 Rands) [201][202][203] |
Total: | 200 (400) |
Solar PV power
The South African Department of Energy allocated 631.53 MW of solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity in the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme – bid window 1.[73][74][75]
In the Renewable Energy IPP Procurement Programme bid window 2, a capacity of 417.1 MW was allocated.[76][77][204]
In bid window 3, 435 MW was awarded.[205]
In bid window 4, 415 MW was awarded.[206]
In bid window 4(+), 398 MW was added.[207]
Power plant | Province | Date commissioned (expected) | Installed capacity MW (planned) | Annual output GWh (expected) | Capacity factor % (expected) | ! Status | Coordinates | Operator | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kalkbult | Northern Cape | Sep 2013 | 75 | 146.5 | (21) | Operational | 30°9′34.09″S 24°7′50.02″E / 30.1594694°S 24.1305611°E | Scatec Solar | [208][209][210][211][212][213] |
SlimSun Swartland Solar Park | Western Cape | (2013) | 5 | (8.7) | (20) | Operational | 33°21′00″S 18°31′46″E / 33.34996°S 18.52947°E | Slimsun | [214][215] |
RustMo1 Solar Farm | North West | Nov 2013 (2014) | 6.93 | Operational | 25°44′13.8″S 27°25′10.49″E / 25.737167°S 27.4195806°E | RustMo1 | [216] | ||
Konkoonsies Solar | Northern Cape, Pofadder | Mar 2014 | 9.65 | (18.6) | (22) | Operational | 28°53′13.56″S 19°33′13.57″E / 28.8871000°S 19.5537694°E | BioTherm Energy | [217] |
Aries Solar PV Energy Facility | Northern Cape | Mar 2014 (Jul 2013) | 9.65 | (18.6) | (22) | Operational | 29°29′40.094″S 20°46′58.741″E / 29.49447056°S 20.78298361°E | BioTherm Energy | [218] |
Greefspan PV Power Plant | Northern Cape, Douglas | April 2014 | 10 | Operational | 29°23′9.24″S 23°18′53.75″E / 29.3859000°S 23.3149306°E | AE-AMD Independent Power Producer 1 | [219] | ||
Herbert PV Power Plant | Northern Cape, Douglas | April 2014 | 19.9 | Operational | 29°0′9.45″S 23°48′7.55″E / 29.0026250°S 23.8020972°E | AE-AMD Independent Power Producer 1 | [220] | ||
Mulilo Renewable Energy Solar PV Prieska | Northern Cape, Copperton | 1 October 2014 | 19.93 | Operational | 29°57′56.4″S 22°18′53.2″E / 29.965667°S 22.314778°E | Gestamp Solar | [221] | ||
Soutpan Solar Park | Limpopo, Vivo, Limpopo | July 2014 | 28 | (50) | (20) | Operational | 22°59.5′S 29°15.1′E / 22.9917°S 29.2517°E | Erika Energy | R1.4 billion (2012) |
Witkop Solar Park | Limpopo, Polokwane | Sep 2014 (Aug 2013) | 29.7 | (60) | (23) | Operational | 24°2.5′S 29°21.7′E / 24.0417°S 29.3617°E | Core Energy | [223] |
Touwsrivier CPV Solar Project | Western Cape, Touwsrivier | Dec 2014 | 36 | Operational | 33°24′51.67″S 19°55′0.86″E / 33.4143528°S 19.9169056°E | Soitec | CPV-type [224][225][226][227] | ||
De Aar Solar Power | Northern Cape, De Aar | Apr 2014 | 48.3 | (89.4) | (20.4) | Operational | 30°37′30″S 24°1′46″E / 30.62500°S 24.02944°E | Globeleq | [228][229] |
Mulilo Renewable Energy Solar PV De Aar | Northern Cape, De Aar | Aug 2014 (2014) | 9.7 | Operational | 30°37′43″S 24°00′24″E / 30.628607°S 24.006758°E | Gestamp Solar | [230][231][232] | ||
Solar Capital De Aar | Northern Cape, De Aar | Aug 2014 (2014) | 75 | (166.4) | (25) | Operational | 30°34′45.28″S 24°3′57.86″E / 30.5792444°S 24.0660722°E | Solar Capital | [233][234][235] |
Solar Capital De Aar 3 | Northern Cape, De Aar | (Feb 2015) | 75 | (150) | (22) | Operational | 30°34′45.28″S 24°3′57.86″E / 30.5792444°S 24.0660722°E | Solar Capital | [236][237][238] |
SA Mainstream Renewable Power Droogfontein | Northern Cape, | Apr 2014 (Oct 2013) | 45.4 | (89.4) | (20.4) | Operational | 28°36′57.58″S 24°45′18.37″E / 28.6159944°S 24.7551028°E | Mainstream Renewable Power South Africa | [239][240] |
Letsatsi PV Project | Free State, Bloemfontein | May 2014 | 64 | (150) | (26) | Operational | 28°54′31.57″S 25°55′31.57″E / 28.9087694°S 25.9254361°E | SolarReserve | Investment: about $293 million. Add cost R2 billion over 20 years 75 MWDC→64 MWAC [212][241][242][243][244] |
Lesedi PV Project | Northern Cape, Postmasburg | May 2014 | 64 | (150) | (26) | Operational | 28°19′04″S 23°21′26″E / 28.317669°S 23.357263°E | SolarReserve | Investment: about $293 million. Add cost R2 billion over 20 years 75 MWDC→64 MWAC [212][243][245][246][247] |
Kathu Solar Energy Facility 1 | Northern Cape | Aug 2014 (2014) | 75 | (179) | (27) | Operational | 27°36′05″S 22°55′21″E / 27.601500°S 22.922500°E | Building Energy | incorporating tracking system technology |
Sishen Solar Facility | Northern Cape | Dec 2014 | 74 | (216) | (24) | Operational | 27°35′12″S 22°56′09″E / 27.58660°S 22.93590°E | Building Energy | [252][253][254] Using horizontal trackers. Corresponds to 74 MWAC.[212] |
Aurora Solar Project | Western Cape | (2014) | (9.00) | (18.7) | (20) | 32°38′28.84″S 18°29′50.24″E / 32.6413444°S 18.4972889°E | Aurora-Rietvlei Solar Power | [255] | |
Vredendal Solar Power Park | Western Cape | Jul 2014 (2014) | 8.80 | (19.0) | (20) | Operational | 31°38′7.36″S 18°30′18.34″E / 31.6353778°S 18.5050944°E | Solairedirect | [256] |
Linde Solar Project | Northern Cape | June 2014 | 36.8 | (87) | (25) | Operational | 31°00′10″S 24°39′32″E / 31.002765°S 24.658780°E | Scatec Solar | [210][257][258] |
Dreunberg Solar Project | Eastern Cape | Dec 2014 | 32.3 (69.60) | (147.2) | (24) | Operational | 30°49′39.5″S 26°12′38″E / 30.827639°S 26.21056°E | Scatec Solar | [210][259] |
Jasper Solar Energy Project | Northern Cape | Nov 2014 | 75 | 175.8 | (21.4) | Operational | 28°17′53″S 23°21′56″E / 28.29806°S 23.36556°E | SolarReserve | The project cost: $260 million. 96 MWDC→75 MWAC net generation [212][260][261][262][263][264][265][266] |
Boshoff Solar Park | Free State | Oct 2014 | 57 (66) | (142) | (24) | Operational | 28°27.9′S 25°11.6′E / 28.4650°S 25.1933°E | SunEdison | Cost: $247 million / R2.4 billion (2013) [267][268][269] |
Upington Solar PV | Northern Cape | Jul 2014 | 8.90 | Operational | |||||
Adams Solar PV 2 | Northern Cape, | (Aug 2016) | (75) | (167) | (25) | Under construction | 27°22′10.14″S 23°0′45.18″E / 27.3694833°S 23.0125500°E | Enel Green Power | [270][271] |
Tom Burke Solar Park | Limpopo | (Mar 2016) | (60) | (119) | (23) | Under construction | 23°4′24.67″S 27°59′21.48″E / 23.0735194°S 27.9893000°E | Enel Green Power | Area: 148 hectares [272] |
Mulilo Sonnedix Prieska PV | Northern Cape, Copperton | July 2016
(Dec 2015) |
75 | Operational | 30°1′27.86″S 22°21′44.02″E / 30.0244056°S 22.3622278°E | Mulilo Renewable Energy | 86 MWDC→ 75 MWAC
Cost: R1.3 billion | ||
Paleisheuwel Solar Park | Western Cape | April 27, 2016 | 75 | (143) | Operational | 32°25′23″S 18°44′08″E / 32.42306°S 18.73556°E | Enel Green Power | 82.5 MWDC→75 MWAC net generation | |
Pulida Solar Park | Free State, | (Aug 2016) | (75) | (153) | Under construction | 29°02′40″S 24°55′30″E / 29.04444°S 24.92500°E | Enel Green Power | Area: 220 hectares (2.2 km²) [278] | |
Mulilo Prieska PV | Northern Cape, Copperton | (Nov 2015) | 75 | Under construction | 30°2′2.96″S 22°19′10.93″E / 30.0341556°S 22.3197028°E | Mulilo Renewable Energy | Area: 205 hectares (2.05 km²) [279] | ||
Kathu Solar Energy Facility 2 | Northern Cape | (201?) | (28) | (61.6) | Under Development | 27°36′05″S 22°55′21″E / 27.601500°S 22.922500°E | Building Energy | [201][250] | |
Sirius Solar PV Project One | Northern Cape, Upington | (75) | Contracting | 28°32′53″S 21°05′16″E / 28.548192°S 21.087916°E | Scatec Solar | [280][281] | |||
Droogfontein 2 Solar | Northern Cape, | (July 2018) | (75) | Uncertain due SunEdison bankruptcy | 28°34′16″S 24°41′52″E / 28.571161°S 24.697916°E | SunEdison | Solar PV with single-axis tracker | ||
Dyason's Klip 1 | Northern Cape, | (75) | Contracting | 28°34′20″S 21°04′36″E / 28.572289°S 21.076540°E | Scatec Solar | [283] | |||
Dyason's Klip 2 | Northern Cape, | (75) | Contracting | 28°33′58″S 21°03′46″E / 28.566129°S 21.062870°E | Scatec Solar | [284] | |||
Konkoonsies II Solar Facility | Northern Cape, Pofadder | (Feb 2017) | (75) | (208) | (27.8) | Contracting | 28°53′30″S 19°33′44″E / 28.891775°S 19.562217°E | BioTherm Energy | Solar PV with single - axis tracker |
Aggeneys Solar Project | Northern Cape, Pofadder | (Aug 2016) | (40) | (111) | (28.4) | Contracting | 29°14′09″S 18°53′52″E / 29.235794°S 18.897656°E | BioTherm Energy | Solar PV with single - axis tracker |
Solar Capital Orange | Northern Cape, Loeriesfontein |
(March 2018) | (75) | Contracting | 30°30′31″S 19°36′23″E / 30.508580°S 19.606456°E | Solar Capital | Solar PV with single - axis tracker | ||
De Wildt Solar | North West, | (Nov 2017) | (50) | Uncertain due to SunEdison bankruptcy | 25°38′28″S 27°56′14″E / 25.640994°S 27.937183°E | SunEdison | Solar PV with single - axis tracker | ||
Bokamoso Solar | North West, | (Nov 2017) | (68) | (130) | Uncertain due to SunEdison bankruptcy | 27°09′24″S 26°24′01″E / 27.156677°S 26.400278°E | SunEdison | Solar PV with single - axis tracker | |
Zeerust Solar Park | North West, | (Nov 2017) | (75) | Uncertain due to SunEdison bankruptcy | 25°34′43″S 26°04′51″E / 25.578623°S 26.080963°E | SunEdison | Solar PV with single - axis tracker | ||
Greefspan 2 Solar Park | Northern Cape, Douglas | (Nov 2018) | (55) | Uncertain due to SunEdison bankruptcy | 29°23′05″S 23°18′54″E / 29.384741°S 23.314991°E | SunEdison | Solar PV with single - axis tracker | ||
Waterloo Solar Park | North West, | (75) | Uncertain due to SunEdison bankruptcy | 27°01′15″S 24°46′32″E / 27.020736°S 24.775541°E | SunEdison | Solar PV with single - axis tracker | |||
Total: | 1224 (1094) |
Landfill gas power
Power plant | Province | Date commissioned (expected) | Installed capacity MW (planned) | Annual output GWh (expected) | Status | Coordinates | Operator | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Johannesburg Landfill Gas to Electricity | Gauteng | (18) | ||||||
Mariannhill Landfill Gas to Electricity | KwaZulu-Natal | 2006 | 1 | Operational | 29°50.707′S 30°50.180′E / 29.845117°S 30.836333°E | eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality | [293][294][295] | |
Bisasar Road Landfill Gas to Electricity | KwaZulu-Natal | 2009 | 6.5 | Operational | eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality | [296][297] |
Biomass power
Power plant | Province | Date commissioned (expected) | Installed capacity MW (planned) | Annual output GWh (expected) | Status | Coordinates | Operator | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PetroSA Biogas Project | Western Cape, | 2007 | 4,2 | (32) | Operational | 34°10′26″S 21°59′05″E / 34.173811°S 21.984621°E | PetroSA | [298][299] |
Ngodwana Energy Project | Mpumalanga, Ngodwana | Q3 2018 | (25) | (198) | Contracting | 25°34′41″S 30°39′32″E / 25.578097°S 30.658842°E | Sappi | Wood Pulp |
Mkuze | KwaZulu-Natal | (16.5) | (130) | |||||
See also
- List of decommissioned power stations in South Africa
- Department of Energy (South Africa)
- Fossil-fuel power plant
- Renewable energy in Africa
- Energy in South Africa
References
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- ↑ "Apollo substation at full capacity". www.eskom.co.za. Retrieved 2016-01-03.
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- 1 2 "DEVELOPMENT OF THE TSHWANE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY" (PDF). City of Tshwane. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
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- 1 2 http://www.eskom.co.za/content/GS_0001GasTurbAcaciaPortRexRev6.pdf
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- 1 2 "NERSA's Public Hearing - AVON PEAKING POWER (PTY) LTD and DEDISA PEAKING POWER (PTY) LTD" (PDF).
- 1 2 "SA large scale IPP peaking power projects". Retrieved 2015-09-23.
- ↑ Kilian, Anine. "685 MW Avon power plant enters commercial operation". Retrieved 2016-07-25.
- ↑ "Industrial gas plants add to Coega's resources". Business Day Live. Retrieved 2015-09-23.
- ↑ "SA's first independent power goes commercial". SABC.
- ↑ http://www.eskom.co.za/OurCompany/SustainableDevelopment/EnvironmentalImpactAssessments/1479/Documents/Appendix_R_-_Social_Impact_Assessment1.pdf
- ↑ "South Africa utility to delay construction of 1,500-MW Tubatse". Retrieved 19 April 2015.
- ↑ "PROPOSED PUMPED STORAGE SCHEME (PSS) IN THE ST EELPOORT AREA, MPUMALANGA AND LIMPOPO PROVINCES PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS: SUMMARY OF ISSUES RAISED February 2007" (PDF). Retrieved 19 April 2015.
- ↑ "Tubatse pumped-storage scheme, South Africa". Retrieved 19 April 2015.
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- ↑ "CASE STUDY OF INGULA AND LIMA PUMPED STORAGE SCHEMES" (PDF). Retrieved 19 April 2015.
- ↑ "Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme" (PDF). Eskom. October 2005. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
- ↑ "GARIEP DAM". Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
- ↑ "Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme". International Hydropower Association. Archived from the original on 7 January 2009. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
- ↑ "Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme" (PDF). Eskom. October 2005. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
- ↑ "Steenbras Dam Pumped Storage Scheme - DOE Global" (PDF).
- ↑ "Annual Report 2006 (Chapter 3)". Eskom. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
- ↑ "NuPlanet: a new force in small hydro". Retrieved 6 April 2015.
- ↑ "Kakamas Hydro Electric Power".
- ↑ "Kakamas Hydro Electric Power – Neusberg Weir". HydroSA. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
- ↑ "Innovative design of the Neusberg Hydro Electric Power Project" (PDF). Retrieved 24 March 2015.
- ↑ "Project Design Document (PDD)" (PDF). Retrieved 24 March 2015.
- ↑ "First SA hydroelectric plant to power the Northern Cape". enca.com. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
- ↑ "Milestone for South African hydropower project: Neusberg". Retrieved 24 March 2015.
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External links
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