List of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates

This list of nearest terrestrial exoplanets candidates contains possible terrestrial ("rocky") exoplanets at a distance of up to 50 light-years from the Solar System, ordered by increasing distance.^[1][2][3]

They may be composed primarily of silicate rocks and/or metals. Within the Solar System, the terrestrial planets are the inner planets closest to the Sun.

Incompleteness of the list

This list is incomplete, currently containing 26 exoplanets, 11 of which probably lie inside their star's habitable zone.

There are roughly 2,,000 stars at a distance of up to 50 light-years from the Solar System^[4] (64 of them are yellow-orange "G" stars like our Sun^[5]). As many as 15% of them can have Earth-sized planets in the habitable zones.^[6]

On November 4, 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of sun-like stars and red dwarf stars within the Milky Way Galaxy.^[7][8] 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting sun-like stars.^[9] The nearest such planet may be four light-years away, according to the scientists.^[7][8]

On August 24, 2016, astronomers announced the discovery of a rocky planet in the habitable zone of Proxima Centauri, the closest star to Earth. Called Proxima b, the planet is 1.3 times the mass of Earth and has an orbital period of roughly 11.2 Earth days.^[10] However Proxima Centauri’s classification as a red dwarf casts doubts on the habitability of any exoplanets in its orbit due to low stellar flux, high probability of tidal locking, small circumstellar habitable zones and high stellar variation. Another likely candidate is Alpha Centauri, Earth’s nearest Sun-like star system 4.37 light years away. Estimates place the probability of finding a habitable planet around Alpha Centauri A or B at roughly 85%.^[11] Alpha Centauri is the target of several exoplanet-finding missions, including Breakthrough Starshot and Mission Centaur, the latter of which is chronicled in the 2016 documentary film, "The Search for Earth Proxima."^[12]

Table

Name	Image (art. concept)	M⊕	R⊕		g	Ts	a	e	[s]	D
Proxima Centauri b		≥1.27	~1.1			234 K – -39,15 °C	0.05	<0.35	[13]	4.22
Wolf 1061b		≥1.36	≥1.44							13.8
Wolf 1061c		≥4.3	≥1.64						[14]	13.8
Wolf 1061d		≥5.21	≥2.04							13.8
Gliese 876 d[15]		6.8				157 – -116 °C[16]	0.021	0.21	[17]	15
Gliese 682 b		≥2							[6] [18] [14]	16
Gliese 832 c		≥5.4				295 K – 21,85 °C	0.162	0.03	[19][20]	16.16
82 G. Eridani b		≥2.7					0.1207	0	[2]	19.71
82 G. Eridani c		≥2.4					0.2036	0	[2]	19.71
82 G. Eridani d		≥4.8				388 K – 114,85 °C[1]	0.3499	0	[2]	19.71
Gliese 581 e		≥1.7					0.029	0	[21]	20
Gliese 581 c [22]		≥5.6					0.072	0	[23]	20
Gliese 581 d [24]		≥5.6	2.34[25]		1.27[25]	233 K – -40,5 °C[25]	0.218	0	[26]	20
HD 219134 b		4.5	1.6			700 K – 426,85°C			[27]	21
Gliese 667C b		6.30			1.44	445 K – 171,85 °C	0.05	0.09	[25]	22
Gliese 667C c[28][29]		3.8			1.32	302 K – 28,85 °C	0.13	0.34	[25]	22
61 Virginis b[30]		≥5.1					0.050	0.12	[31]	28
HD 85512 b[32]		≥3.6	1.74[25]		1.33[25]	351 K – 77,85 °C[25]	0.26	0.11	[33]	36
GJ 180 b		≥2.3				312 K – 38,85 °C			[6][19]	38
55 Cancri e (Janssen)		8.6					0.016	0.17	[34]	40
HD 40307 b[35]		≥4.2					0.047	0.2	[36]	42
HD 40307 c[35]		≥6.8					0.081	0.06	[36]	42
HD 40307 d [37]		≥9.2					0.134	0.07	[38]	42
HD 40307 e		≥3.5					0.1886	0.15	[3]	42
HD 40307 f		≥5.2				385 K – 111,85	0.247	0.02	[3]	42
HD 40307 g		≥7.1				284 K – 10,85 °C[39]	0.600	0.29	[3]	42

Note: There is no scientific consensus about terrestrial composition of most of the planets in the list. Sources in the "Main source" column confirm the possibility of terrestrial composition.

In September 2012, the discovery of two planets orbiting Gliese 163^[40] was announced.^[41][42] One of the planets, Gliese 163 c, about 6.9 times the mass of Earth and somewhat hotter, was considered to be within the habitable zone, but is probably not terrestrial.^[41][42] In May 2016, the finding of three earth-like planets of ultracool dwarf TRAPPIST-1 has been released.

Statistics

Note: in most cases the composition of the atmosphere and atmosphere pressure of exoplanets are unknown, so surface temperatures are estimates based on computer models and expert opinions.

See also

• List of potentially habitable exoplanets
• List of nearest exoplanets
• List of planetary systems
• List of nearest stars
• List of exoplanetary host stars
• List of Solar twins
• Interstellar travel

References

Links

• Super-Earth Candidates in or near Habitable Zone