List of Muslim empires and dynasties

Scholars debate what exactly constitutes an empire. Generally, they may define an empire as a state that extends dominion over areas and populations distinct culturally and ethnically from the culture/ethnicity at the center of power.

This list is intended to show some of the States, Empires, or Dynasties that were ruled by a Muslim elite, or were in some way central to or a part of the Empire. Many Muslim empires had strong influences on the visual arts, architecture, music and food.

History

In the centuries after the life of Muhammad, Muslim armies poured out into all surrounding areas, bringing the lands from India to Spain under their control. With this huge amount of land under their control, the Umayyad (and later, the Abbasid) Caliphates allowed merchants and scholars to travel easily through western Eurasia, bringing goods and knowledge which the Muslims greatly expanded upon through the Caliphate and outward to less advanced regions, such as Western Europe. In 751, papermaking from China made its way to the West through Muslims. Trade introduced Islam to the Africans. In the Middle East, the success of Islam meant that culture would be changed forever. Even after the decline of the Abassid Caliphate, Islam would remain as one of the base institutions of the region. Future states of the region, such as the Safavid, Seljuk, and Ottoman and Mughal Empires, were all "Islamic Empires".

Caliphates

Umayyad Empire at its greatest extent

The Rashidun Caliphate (632-661)
The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) - Successor of the Rashidun Caliphate
- The Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba in Islamic Spain (756-929-1031)
The Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258) - Successor of the Umayyad Caliphate
The Fatimid Caliphate (910-1171)
The Ayyubid dynasty (1171-1260)
The Mamluk Caliphate (Bahri dynasty then succeeded by Burji dynasty) (1250–1517)
The Ottoman Caliphate (1517–1923)

Regional empires

Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha

Europe and Russia

Europe

Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba in Islamic Spain (929-1031)
The Emirate of Bari (847-871)
The Emirate of Sicily (965-1072)

Russia

The Volga Bulgaria (922-1236)
The Golden Horde (1251–1502)
The Kazan Khanate (1438-1552)
The Astrakhan Khanate (1466-1556)
The Qasim Khanate (1452-1681)
The Crimean Khanate (1441–1783)
The Bashkirs

Middle East

Anatolia

The Danishmends Dynasty (1071-1178)
The Mengujekids Dynasty (1072-1277)
The Saltukids Dynasty (1071-1202)
The Artuqids Dynasty (1101-1409)
The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm (1077-1308)
The Uyunid dynasty (1076–1240)
The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923)
The Khwarezm-Shâh Dynasty
The Tahirid dynasty
The Khwarezmian Empire
The Saffarid dynasty
The Samanid Dynasty
The Seljuk dynasty
The Giray dynasty
The Ilkhanate
The Timurid dynasty
The Ayyubid Dynasty
The Ak Koyunlu
The Kara Koyunlu
The Persian Empire, under the Safavid dynasty (1502–1736), Afsharid dynasty, and Qajar dynasty
The Muzaffarids
The Shirvanshah
The Ghurids
The Ghaznavid Empire
The Great Seljuq Empire
The Buyid dynasty
The Rassids of Yemen
The Rasulid of Yemen
The Tulunids

Central Asia

The Chagatai Khanate

Harun al-Rashid

Africa & Spain

Excluding Egypt, which is considered part of Middle East

The Mali Empire (1230s–1600s)
The Songhai Empire (1340–1591)
The Adal Sultanate (1415–1555)
The Almoravid dynasty (1040–1147) of Morocco
The Almohad dynasty (1121–1269) of Morocco
The Ajuran Empire (13th century–17th-century)
The Fulani Empire of Sokoto
The Fulani or Fulbe Empire of Macina of Seku Amadu
The Fulani or Fulbe Empire of El Hajj Oumar Tall
The Fulani or Fulbe Empire of Boundou of Malick Daouda Sy
The Kilwa Sultanate (10th century-1517)
The Sultanate of Oman
The Aghlabid dynasty of Ifriqiya Tunisia, East-Algeria, West-Libya and Sicily
The Umayyad of Spain in North-Africa during war with the Fatimid's
Taifa dynasties of Islamic Spain
The Hafsid dynasty (1229–1574)
The Alaouite dynasty of Morocco
The Marinid dynasty of Morocco
The Rustamid dynasty
The Wattasid dynasty of Morocco
The Saadi dynasty of Morocco (1511–1628)
The Dervish State (1896–1920)

South Asia

Mezquita

The Ali Raja
The Sultanate of Mysore (1704–1799)
The Delhi Sultanate in Northern India (1206–1526)
The Bengal Sultanate in Bengal (1352-1576)
The Mughal Empire in India (1526–1857)
The Khilji Dynasty (1290–1320)
The Lodhi Dynasty (1451–1526)
The Mamluk dynasty of Delhi (1206–1290)
The Durrani Empire (1747–1823)
The Suri dynasty (1540–1556)
The Asaf Jahi Dynasty (1720–1948)
The Nawab of Awadh (1732–1856)
The Bahmani Sultanate in Deccan (1347–1527)
The Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1398)
The Berar Sultanate in Deccan (1490–1572)

Taj Mahal

The Bidar Sultanate in Deccan (1492–1619)
The Ahmednagar Sultanate in Deccan (1490–1636)
The Qutb Shahi dynasty in Deccan (1518–1687)
The Bijapur Sultanate in Deccan (1490–1686)
The Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451)
The Sultanate of Bengal (1336–1576)
The Sultanate of Jaunpur (1394–1479)
The Gujarat Sultanate (1407–1573)
The Malwa Sultanate (1401–1531)
The Sultanate of Kashmir (1346–1586)
The Soomro Dynasty (1026–1351)
The Samma Dynasty (1335–1520)
The Talpur dynasty (1783–1843)
The Kalhora Dynasty (1701–1783)
The Nawab of Carnatic (1690 till Date)

Southeast Asia

Sources

History of the Muslims Empires of Islam
All Empires History Forum (Archive)

See also

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