List of British Jews

List of British Jews is a list of prominent Jews from the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

Although the first Jews may have arrived on the island of Great Britain with the Romans, it was not until the Norman Conquest of William the Conqueror in 1066 that organised Jewish communities first appeared in England. These existed until 1290 when the Jewish population of England was expelled by King Edward I of England.

There was never a corresponding expulsion from Scotland. The eminent scholar David Daiches states in his autobiographical Two Worlds: An Edinburgh Jewish Childhood that there are grounds for saying that Scotland is the only European country with no history of state persecution of Jews.

Jews were re-admitted to England and Wales in 1656 by Oliver Cromwell. Slightly more than 200 years later, in 1858 they were emancipated, that is, accepted as full citizens. In the late 19th century, there was mass Jewish immigration to England from Russia due to Russian domestic policy. In the 1930s, the country accepted many refugees from Nazism. The Jewish population peaked at 450,000, but has since declined due to low birth-rate, intermarriage and emigration, mainly of the younger generation to Israel. According to the 2001 census, the current population is around 295,000, most of whom live in London.

Academic figures

Scientists

See List of British Jewish scientists, which includes economists.

Historians

Medical

Philosophers

Social scientists

See also List of British Jewish scientists.

Theologians and Hebraists

Others

Artists

Fine arts

Designers and architects

Arts and literature

Performing arts

See List of British Jewish entertainers (includes classical musicians and actors as "entertainers").

Writers

See List of British Jewish writers.

Business and the professions

Civil service

Finance

Law

Manufacturing

Media

Military

Property

Retail

Police

Political figures

See List of British Jewish politicians.

Religious and communal leaders

Show business

See List of British Jewish entertainers.

Sports

Aviation

Boxing

Chess

Cricket

Fencing

Football (association, soccer)

Motorsport

Rugby league

Rugby union

Sailing

Table tennis

Tennis

Track and field

Weightlifting

Wrestling

Other sports

Philanthropists

Miscellaneous

References

Footnotes

  1. JYB 2005 p218
  2. "her father, Geoffrey Alderman, is a columnist for the Jewish Chronicle, and her family are strict Orthodox Jews" Accessed 3 January 2007
  3. JYB 1985 p187
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 JYB 2005 p215
  5. http://www.deutscherprize.org.uk/Isaac%20&%20Tamara%20Deutscher.htm
  6. http://www.sussex.ac.uk/cgjs/1-2-2.html
  7. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "He was one of the many children of pre-1914 Jewish immigrants from eastern Europe who were to play such prominent roles in British economic, cultural, and political life."
  8. 1 2 3 Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed.
  9. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "He was buried in Golders Green Jewish cemetery"
  10. Martin Beckford, "Jewish group rejects uncritical support of Israel" Telegraph (5 February 2007)
  11. http://www.northern.edu/hastingw/jacobs.htm
  12. The Times; 11 January 1997; Tony Turnbull: "Born in Oxford, she had moved to Cheltenham at the age of five when her father, the polymath Jacob Bronowski, author of Ascent of Man, took up a research post with the National Coal Board. So it was that this nice little Jewish family moved in to Cleeve Hill, a small village four miles (6 km) from town."
  13. http://as.nyu.edu/object/tonyjudt.html
  14. Jewish Year Book 1990 p202
  15. 1 2 JYB 1975 p214
  16. http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/middleeast/Bernard_Lewis_Unplugged.asp
  17. JYB 1995 p193
  18. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20040504/ai_n12778519
  19. Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. "Magnus"
  20. 1 2 JYB 1985 p188
  21. http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0834786.html
  22. http://www.fromoldbooks.org/Wood-NuttallEncyclopaedia/p/palgravesirfrancis.html
  23. http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/history/historian/Simon_Schama.html
  24. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Glasgow of an Anglophile Riga Jewish family"
  25. Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Historians, list headed "Prominent Jewish General Historians"
  26. http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0295977302
  27. :"Five years or so later, I decided to define publicly my identity as belonging to the Jewish community by becoming a member of the Liberal Jewish Synagogue."
  28. Jewish Chronicle, 14 January 2000, p.14 "Knighthood goes to diabetes pioneer"
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  30. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born of Jewish parents of Russian origin"
  31. JYB 2007 p197, 222
  32. Times obituary, 17 October 2007
  33. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "the son of Jewish parents"
  34. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "Jewish physician"
  35. Guardian, Saturday October 23, 1999
  36. http://www.granta.com/extracts/159
  37. JYB 1980 p182
  38. http://www.art.man.ac.uk/RELTHEOL/JEWISH/EXHIBITION/11Alexander.html
  39. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~uctytho/terrnochangeEngl.html
  40. http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/history/historian/Isaiah_Berlin.html
  41. http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/Gellner/CHann.html
  42. http://www.oup.co.uk/isbn/0-19-927497-5?view=lawview
  43. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/02/05/njews105.xml
  44. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "the only child of Jacob Márton Lipsitz, a wine merchant, and Márgit Herczfeld, both Hungarian Jews"
  45. http://www.britac.ac.uk/pubs/src/popper/part1.html
  46. "Wollheim was an outstanding representative of a generation of Central European Jewish intellectuals"
  47. http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1298.html
  48. http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/index/DR7JQQP6UTXFG2CK.pdf
  49. JYB 2005 p215, 223
  50. http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4987-davids-arthur-lumley
  51. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "Elias, as a Jew, sought refuge first in Paris (1933–5), and then in London (from 1935), eventually becoming a British citizen in 1952"
  52. Alfred de Grazia (29 September 2006). "Mr. Herman Finer, an Englishman, Jewish". Grazian-archive.com. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  53. Jewish Chronicle obituary, 25 June 1993, p.15
  54. 1 2 JYB 1980 p183
  55. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "An unbaptized Jew"
  56. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 9 November 2006. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
  57. "You are a Jewish, Zimbabwean, Mancunian philosopher... I have lived in Manchester more than half my life and am very much at home here."
  58. http://library-2.lse.ac.uk/archives/handlists/Ginsberg/m.html
  59. JYB 1975 p213
  60. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "of Jewish parentage"
  61. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "the only child of prosperous Jewish parents"
  62. JYB 2005 p249
  63. http://www.jinfo.org/Sociologists.html
  64. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 7 September 2006. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
  65. http://montagunocircpetition.org/montagu-bio.pg
  66. Encyclopædia Britannica 1911: ABENDANA, the name of two Jewish theologians... Jacob... Isaac
  67. http://www.nybooks.com/authors/5049
  68. Obituary, Jewish Chronicle, 5 February 1960, p.1
  69. 1 2 Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born of Jewish parents"
  70. Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911 ed.
  71. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born of Jewish parents at Vienna"
  72. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: born in Poland of Jewish parents
  73. born Jewish; see Dictionary of National Biography
  74. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Prussian Poland of Jewish parents"
  75. http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Marcus_Kalisch
  76. Dictionary of National Biography: "Jewish controversialist, born in London in 1740, was son of Mordecai Levi, a member of the London congregation of German and Polish Jews"
  77. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "an academically highly gifted boy of Jewish parentage"
  78. His own book On Being a Jewish Christian (1998)
  79. "Adolf Neubauer" Jewish Encyclopedia
  80. http://www.mucjs.org/jhrylands.htm
  81. "if there was anything invariant in his life, it was his strictly observant devotion to orthodox Judaism".
  82. http://www.artguide.org/uk/AG.pl?Action=15163A&Axis=AllArtists
  83. http://www.modernbritishartists.co.uk/bomberg_biog.htm
  84. http://www.kunst.wuerth.com/en/kh/kh-caro1.html
  85. James Campbell (11 January 2005). "Guardian Books". London: guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  86. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born at Dortmund of Jewish parentage"
  87. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, cited at OUP website
  88. http://www.hannahfrank.org.uk/
  89. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "son of East-End Russian Jewish immigrants"
  90. http://www.leninimports.com/lucian_freud_bio.html
  91. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "As a Jew, Games worked for the Jewish relief unit and for many Jewish and Israeli organizations"
  92. http://web311.pavilion.net/ARTgertler.htm
  93. http://www.glbtq.com/arts/gluck.html
  94. Obituary, Jewish Chronicle 30 August 1912, p16
  95. Delia Gaze Dictionary of Women Artists Routledge Press 1997,
  96. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "Hart was an observant Jew."
  97. The Guardian, 6 February 2002, p6: Letter from Kitaj: "London's four leading Jewish painters, including me"; Listed as a British painter in Hutchinson's Encyclopedia of Britain, 2005
  98. H. Read, S. Thorndike, and others, Jacob Kramer: a memorial volume (1969)
  99. http://www.lennielee.com/index2.html
  100. http://my.name-services.com/76905/page99.htm
  101. Jewish Chronicle, "Lord Snowdon is indeed Jewish ... Snowdon does not need to be any more Jewish. Halachically, the Lubavitcher rebbe was no more haimishe than he is.
  102. http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=305&letter=P
  103. http://www.whistler.arts.gla.ac.uk/biog/Solo_SJ.htm
  104. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born of Jewish parents in Warsaw; naturalized, 1894"
  105. http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1998/1948/396_via.htm
  106. http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0316861693
  107. http://observer.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,6903,851194,00.html
  108. Comment by his son James Lasdun: "He was English but not really, being Jewish": accessed 6 May 2007
  109. Jewish Virtual Library: "Maybe I'm a really bad Jew because I'm always so excited to say that I am, but I don't live and breathe the religion.": accessed 6 May 2007
  110. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in East Prussia of German-Jewish parents
  111. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4349445.stm
  112. 1 2 http://www.ibiblio.org/yiddish/Book/Cohen/gencul.html
  113. http://www.jewishbookweek.com/2006/010306f.php
  114. JYB 2000 p211
  115. 1 2 Jewish Chronicle, 8 January 1999, p.6: "Three Jewish knights feature among the New Year honours: ... Nichola Serota ... John Krebs ... Victor Blank."
  116. Patricia Welch, "The World of the Shining Translator: Waley's "Genji", Orientalism, and the birth of Japanese Literary Studies", "Waley, born Arthur David Schloss, was a member of an elite Anglo-Jewish family"
  117. article in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  118. Jewish Chronicle, 21 June 1968 Page:46
  119. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Linz, Austria, of Jewish parents"
  120. http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/Vol_92__1992.pdf
  121. K. Grunwald, ‘Windsor Cassel: the last court Jew’, Yearbook of the Leo Baeck Institute, 14 (1969), 119–61
  122. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2088-1452226,00.html
  123. Jewish Encyclopedia IV p289
  124. http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=322&letter=G
  125. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9037280
  126. Jewish Chronicle 25 July 1941, p.12, "Jews in the Navy"
  127. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "a devout Jew"
  128. JYB 2005 212
  129. http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=66&letter=A
  130. http://82.1911encyclopedia.org/M/MO/MONTEFIORE_SIR_MOSES_HAIM.htm
  131. House of Rothschild – MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on 1 November 2009.
  132. http://www.shpltd.co.uk/rousseau-jewofcrancourt.pdf
  133. 1 2 http://www.heraldica.org/topics/jewish.htm
  134. http://www.montaguemillennium.com/familyresearch/h_1911_samuel.htm
  135. The Guardian (Manchester); 04/07/00; Sir Maurice Drake; p20
  136. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born of Jewish parents of English nationality"
  137. New Yorker magazine "My great-grandfather Herbert Bentwitch, a lawyer from a prominent English Jewish family" Accessed 21 November 2006.
  138. Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Bentwitch
  139. The Times (London); 13/06/00; Frances Gibb; p.Law. 3
  140. Jewish Chronicle 5/7/1996 p7: "The Liberal Democrats' sole Jewish MP, Alex Carlile"
  141. Jewish Chronicle: 25/6/1999 p10: "Alex Carlile is on his way back to Westminster as one of four Jews among the 36 working peers"
  142. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "first professing Jew to graduate at Cambridge"
  143. Dictionary of National Biography: "Another area to which Cohen gave time and devotion was that of Jewish culture and charity. He had been brought up in the Orthodox tradition, and came to take the Reformed and Liberal positions."
  144. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article822650.ece
  145. Jewish Chronicle, 12 January 2007 p.15: article "People: Who is up to what in the Jewish world this week"
  146. http://www.culham.ac.uk/tvr/Feature/f980917_rh.html
  147. JYB 1995, p193
  148. https://www.rothschildarchive.org/ib/?doc=/ib/articles/BW3bGoldsmid
  149. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
  150. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in New York of wealthy Jewish parents"
  151. Flade, Roland. The Lehmans: From Rimpar to the New World: A Family History, 2nd Enlarged Ed., 1999; reviewed by the American Jewish Historical Society. Accessed 14 November 2006.
  152. 1 2 3 "Ideas for community study 350 years of Anglo-jewry". LiberalJudaism.org. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
  153. http://www.guardian.co.uk/obituaries/story/0,3604,1665683,00.html
  154. "Was it any more difficult for her to be so critical in the Israel case because she is Jewish? "I don't think so", she says, stressing that she judged the case as an international lawyer and not because of her background. "I also think that the fact you happen to be Jewish doesn't mean you think that everything the State of Israel does is right." When the Foreign Office put her name forward for election to the court, there were fears that some countries in the UN would not vote for a Jewish woman. She dismisses such concerns. "I don't think I have ever been perceived as Rosalyn Higgins, the Jewish international lawyer – and I hope not Rosalyn Higgins, the woman international lawyer."
  155. http://24.1911encyclopedia.org/J/JE/JESSEL_SIR_GEORGE.htm
  156. http://www.nytimes.com/books/01/05/13/reviews/010513.13wheatct.html
  157. Dictionary of National Biography
  158. http://www.art.man.ac.uk/RELTHEOL/JEWISH/EXHIBITION/16zion1930s.html
  159. http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol8/No2/art6.html
  160. Jewish Encyclopedia, VIII, 34
  161. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A00E6DD1239F93BA25750C0A962948260
  162. http://www.cjc.org.uk/people.officers.html
  163. Obituary: Harold Lightman; The Independent; 18 November 1998; John Balcombe; p. 6; "Lightman was disadvantaged in his early legal career by the fact that he had not been to university and was Jewish."
  164. "Sir Alan Mocatta, Jewish"
  165. http://www.guardian.co.uk/obituaries/story/0,,1697708,00.html
  166. Jewish Year Book 2005: p212 & 214
  167. Son of Rabbi Chaim Pearl: see Who's Who (UK)
  168. Jewish Chronicle, 11 July 2008, "How Jewish is Lord Chief Justice Phillips?"
  169. JYB 2005: p212 & 214
  170. https://www.jewishcare.org/news/?disp_feature=DPUFgl
  171. "The Guardian Profile", The Guardian, 15 February 2008, pg.21
  172. Encyclopaedia Judaica 1st ed, vol 14 cols 1539–1540
  173. Jewish Chronicle 15/9/06 p31: death notices
  174. http://www.law.usyd.edu.au/jurisprudence/juliusstone.shtml
  175. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/619244.stm
  176. http://www.jewishdutchess.org/recipes_books/book_review.php3
  177. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2000/newsmakers/2669719.stm
  178. Time magazine
  179. JYB 1977 p206–7
  180. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "He was a devout Jew"
  181. http://www.ajr.org.uk/pastjournal61.htm
  182. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "His parents were Orthodox Jews"
  183. The Times, 14 April 1998, p.1: "the Jewish philanthropist Sir Emmanuel Kaye"
  184. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "leading figure in Anglo-Jewry"
  185. JYB 2002, p211
  186. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed
  187. http://www.channel4.com/news/about_us/meet-the-team/benjamin-cohen.html
  188. http://www.somethingjewish.co.uk/articles/859_sj_super_7.htm
  189. http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,6109,158496,00.html
  190. http://www.space1999.net/~catacombs/main/crguide/vcp.html
  191. http://www.itvplc.com/itv/news/releases/pr2006/2006-11-28/
  192. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3206880.stm
  193. https://mobile.twitter.com/milesSI/status/537217871307612160
  194. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "the only son and elder child of Samuel and Anna Jacobson, a Jewish couple"
  195. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9048000
  196. http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0786710780
  197. http://www.booknoise.net/johnseabrook/stories/design/menkes/index.html
  198. http://www.ejpress.org/article/in_depth/on_anglo_jewry/3810
  199. The Times (London); 3 December 1992; Ruth Gledhill:'Lord Rothschild, who is head of the English branch of the Rothschild family, says: "I would not like to disguise that I am first and foremost a secular Jew."'
  200. http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1559703636
  201. http://www.somethingjewish.co.uk/articles/553_top_jewish_earners.htm
  202. http://www.ajr.org.uk/exhibit.htm
  203. The first of the Tudors: a study of Henry VII and his reign (Taylor & Francis, 1981) by Michael Van Cleave Alexander, page 97
  204. http://www.sephardim.com/html/lore.html
  205. http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=322&letter=G#1091
  206. 1 2 http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=322&letter=G#1107
  207. http://www.mishalov.com/Kenneally.html
  208. Dictionary of National Biography: "Cotton was a highly respected member of the Jewish community in Birmingham, of whose main synagogue he had been vice-president and treasurer"
  209. "People - Zabludowicz Collection". Zabludowicz Collection. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  210. JYB 2005 p212
  211. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Lithuania of Jewish parentage"
  212. http://www.chox.org.uk/generic/default.asp?pageid=84
  213. http://www.mytowerhamlets.co.uk/towerhamlets/celebs&gossip-jack_cohen.htm
  214. Financial Times (London); 13/07/04; Jonathon Guthrie; p.15
  215. http://www.somethingjewish.co.uk/articles/1008_green_donation.htm
  216. http://www.jpr.org.uk/Press_releases/Kalms_Leigh.htm
  217. Jewish Chronicle, 24 April 1998, p.7: "one Jewish businessman on the up is fashion and property man Bernard Lewis"
  218. http://www.yoliverpool.com/forum/archive/index.php/index.php?t-1238.html
  219. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 30 March 2007.
  220. http://observer.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,,1268356,00.html
  221. Birmingham Post, 08/11/03, Chris Upton, p.44
  222. http://act.org.nz/news-article.aspx?id=24112
  223. http://www.sussex.police.uk/about_us/aboutus_museum.asp
  224. http://www.buses.co.uk/history/fleethist/633hs.htm
  225. http://www.gmjpa.org.uk
  226. http://bible.tmtm.com/wiki/HART%2C_AARON_%28Jewish_Encyclopedia%29
  227. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "a leading member of the London Jews"
  228. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "naturalised British subject, 1910"
  229. "Diana Barnato Walker". The Daily Telegraph. London. 4 May 2008. ISSN 0307-1235. OCLC 49632006. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
  230. Ron Jackson (17 January 2010). "Barney Aaron–Star of the East Shone in London". Richmark Sentinel. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
  231. http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/JackieBerg.htm
  232. Roman Greenberg site "the first Jewish world heavyweight champion in more than a quarter-century." Accessed 12 November 2006.
  233. Boxrec site "Hometown Finchley, England". Accessed 12 November 2006.
  234. Deborah Andrews (1992). Annual Obituary, 1991. St. James Pr. ISBN 1-55862-175-X. Retrieved 3 June 2010.
  235. "Ted "Kid" Lewis(Gershon Mendeloff)". www.jewishsports.net. Archived from the original on 10 October 2007. Retrieved 9 May 2008.
  236. http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/DanielMendoza.htm
  237. http://www.wzo.org.il/en/resources/view.asp?id=120
  238. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
  239. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 http://www.jinfo.org/Chess_Players.html
  240. http://jewish-books.net/findBy_AuthName/find_Speelman_chess.html
  241. http://www.anusha.com/alekhine.htm
  242. Danny Caro (14 July 2009). "Team GB cricket fail to see the job through". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
  243. "Blues pack British squad". The Times. 6 July 2005. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
  244. Ajay S Shankar (23 May 2008). "Rhodes to be part of unique Israel team". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
  245. Jewish Chronicle 7 July 2006 p40: "T'fastest Jewish bowler ever"
  246. Rowland, Paul (10 April 2007). "Bluebirds' star first British Jew footballer for 25 years". WalesOnline. Retrieved 4 July 2008.
  247. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "Sheila's upbringing in an all-girl Jewish family generated no interest in motoring beyond her training as a Women's Auxiliary Air Force driver."
  248. Encyclopedia Judaica, Second Edition, volume 19, p 146
  249. "Player profile: Aaron Liffchack". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
  250. "Bullimore's sister buoyed by rabbis' support", Jewish Chronicle 24 January 1997, p. 1
  251. Peter S. Horvitz (2007). The Big Book of Jewish Sports Heroes: An Illustrated Compendium of Sports History and The 150 Greatest Jewish Sports Stars. SP Books. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
  252. David Goodman (24 May 2010). "The A-Z Guide To Jewish Grand Slam Champions". Tennis Grandstand. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
  253. Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
  254. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2007.
  255. "Solomon Abrahams". Jewsinsports.org. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  256. The Jewish Chronicle Archived 13 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
  257. "Eight Jewish Athletes at BEG". The Canadian Jewish Chronicle. 30 July 1954. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  258. http://www.jewishsports.net/historical_view.htm
  259. http://www.jewsinsports.org/profile.asp?sport=soccer&ID=128
  260. http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/Community/Brightonh.htm
  261. Jewish Chronicle, obituary, 19 January 2007 p.45
  262. JYB 2005 p214
  263. : "Lord Duveen and many other Jewish intellectuals"
  264. Oxf, ord Dictionary of National Biography: "Born an Orthodox Jew, in her religious practices Anna Maria remained throughout her life very observant"
  265. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born into old, established Jewish family"
  266. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "His grandfather Jacob had established the family as one of the first Jewish families to acquire great wealth and social acceptability in Bavaria ... His mother came from an Orthodox Frankfurt family and ensured that the children were properly instructed in Jewish matters ... he thereafter lived more in London than in Paris."
  267. http://www.tymsder.co.uk/lender.htm
  268. http://ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/1987_7_WestEurope.pdf
  269. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "Jewish philanthropist"
  270. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "His family were Jewish"
  271. The Press, Hendon and Finchley Edition, 16 November 2006, p.4: "Student Jeremiah, who was Jewish"
  272. ; The Irish Times, Wednesday, 7 January 1998: "Ireland's Young Bloomers"
  273. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Berlin of Jewish parents"
  274. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "registered with the Jewish community of Pest"
  275. Jewish Encyclopedia
  276. http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=328&letter=M
  277. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 June 2010. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  278. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "a Portuguese Jew, but born a British subject"
  279. Lire: le magazine littéraire: "la comtesse Krystyna Skarbek, une aristocrate juive"
  280. http://www.commentarymagazine.com/Summaries/V38I4P62-1.htm

Bibliography

See also

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