Lakshmana

This article is about Hindu deity. For other uses, see Lakshman (disambiguation).
Lakshmana
Spouse Urmila
Parents
Siblings Shatrughna (twin brother)
Rama, Bharata (half-brothers)
Shanta (half-sister)
Children Angada
Chandraketu


In the Hindu sacred text Ramayana, Lakshmana (Sanskrit Lakṣmaṇa) also known as Soumitri, Bharatanuja is younger brother and close companion of god Rama, hero of the epic and avatar of god Vishnu. Lakshmana is twin brother of Shatrughna. According to the Ramayana, Lakshmana is one quarter component of manifest Vishnu and is considered to be an avatar of Shesha, the serpent associated with Vishnu.

Birth & Marriage

Birth of Four Sons of Dasharatha
Lakshmana (far left), Rama (centre), Sita (far right) and Hanuman (below seated), Hare Krishna temple, Watford, England

Lakshmana and his brother Shatrughna, were born in Ayodhya to Sumitra and King Dasharatha. In the Puranas, Lakshmana is described as an incarnation of Sesha, the multiple-headed nāga upon whom rests Lord Vishnu in the primordial ocean of milk (Kshirasagara). When sage Vishwamitra takes Rama for killing the demons, Lakshmana accompanies them and goes to Mithila with them. Lakshmana is specially attached to Rama and when Rama marries Sita, Lakshmana marries Sita's younger sister Urmila. Later, when Rama goes on exile for fourteen years on the insistence of Kaikeyi, Lakshmana leaves his wife Urmila and joins Rama.

Rama's Exile

Rama portrayed as vanvasi in forest with wife Sita and brother Lakshmana
Humiliation Of Shurpanakha
Killing Of Indrajit By Lakshmana

He serves Rama and Sita reverently during the exile. Lakshmana also built hut for Rama and Sita to live in Panchvati. Lakshmana cuts off Ravana's sister Surpanakha's nose in anger when she tries to covet Rama and insults Sita. He plays an important role in the war with Ravana and slays Ravana's son Indrajit.

When Sita asks Rama to fetch a magical golden deer for her, Rama asks Lakshmana to stand guard as he sensed danger and evil. The golden deer is in fact the demon Maricha, who distracts Rama. When Rama kills Maricha, he cries out in Rama's own voice for help. Although Lakshmana knows that Rama is invincible and beyond any danger, Sita panics and frantically orders Lakshmana to go to Rama's aid immediately. Unable to disobey Sita, Lakshmana draws a perimeter line (Lakshman Rekha or Lakshmana's line), which Sita must not cross and goes in search of Rama. Sita however, out of compulsion of religious duty and compassion for Ravana disguised as a poor brahmin crosses the line to give him alms following which she is abducted. Lakshman Rekha has become a metaphor in situations where a certain limit must not be transgressed by human beings in any circumstance whatsoever.

During the war between Rama and Ravana, he killed Indrajit and Atikaya, who were the sons of Ravana. Before he killed Indrajit, Lakhshmana and Rama were twice defeated by Indrajit and in both occasions Hanuman's intervention saved them from certain death.[1] After the war, when Rama asked Sita to give test of her purity, Lakshmana for the first time got angry on Rama and opposed him.

After Exile

Rama with Sita on the throne, their children Lava and Kusha on their laps. Behind the throne, Lakshamana, Bharata and Shatrughna stand. Hanuman bows to Rama before the throne. Valmiki to the left.

After the war in Lanka, Rama was crowned king of Ayodhya and Bharata became the crown prince. Rama had offered Lakshmana become the crown prince he refused saying Bharata is greater than him and is more deserving of the title. He had two sons, Angada and Chandraketu.

Lakshmana is the one who leaves Sita in the forests near sage Valmiki's ashram after Rama banishes her from the kingdom. Lakshmana remains loyal to his brother and fights against Rama's sons Lava and Kusha later.

Abandonment Of Life

Sage Durvasa appears at Rama's doorstep and seeing Lakshmana guarding the door, demands an audience with Rama. At the time, Rama was having a private conversation with Yama. Before the conversation began, Yama gave Rama strict instructions that their dialogue was to remain confidential, and anyone who entered the room was to be relieved of their life. Rama agreed and entrusted Lakshmana with the duty of guarding his door. When Durvasa made his demand, Lakshmana politely refused. The sage grew angry and threatened to curse all of Ayodhya if Lakshmana did not immediately inform Rama of his arrival. Lakshmana, in a dilemma, decided it would be better that he alone die to save all of Ayodhya from falling under Durvasa's curse and so interrupted Rama's meeting to inform him of the sage's arrival. Rama quickly concluded his meeting with Yama and received the sage with due courtesy. In order to fulfil his brother's promise, Lakshmana went to the banks of the river Saryu resolved on giving up the world through penance.

Legacy

Lakshmana is personified by Rama as a man with unwavering loyalty, love and commitment to his elder brother through times of joy and adversity alike but also criticized for leaving his wife Urmila alone for the sake of serving his brother.

Bandhavgarh Fort at Madhya Pradesh(bandhav as brother, garh as fort) is said to be given by Lord Rama to his brother Lakshmana to keep a watch on Lanka.

Descendants

The community members of an imperial dynasty Gurjara-Pratihara claimed that they were called Pratihara as their ancestor Lakshmana served as a door-keeper to his elder brother Rama. They ruled much of Northern India from mid 7th to 11th century.

Jain Version

According to Jain Ramayana it was Laxmana who killed Ravana, not Rama.

TV Serial Depictions

Year TV Series Channel Country Played by
1987-88 Ramayan (TV series) DD National India Sunil Lahri
2006 Raavan (TV series) Zee TV India Ujjwal Rana
2008-10 Ramayan (2008 TV series) NDTV Imagine India Ankit Arora
2012-13 Ramayan (2012 TV series) Zee TV India Neil Bhatt
2015-Present Siya Ke Ram Star Plus India Karan Suchak

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ B. A van Nooten William (2000). Ramayana. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22703-3.
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