Kofi Awoonor

Kofi N. Awoonor
8th Ghana Permanent Representative to the United Nations
In office 1990–1994
President	Jerry Rawlings
Preceded by	Victor Gbeho
Succeeded by	George Lamptey
Personal details
Born	(1935-03-13)13 March 1935 Wheta, Gold Coast
Died	21 September 2013(2013-09-21) (aged 78) Nairobi, Kenya
Nationality	Ghanaian
Alma mater	University of Ghana University of London
Occupation	Poet, author, academic and diplomat

Kofi Awoonor (13 March 1935 – 21 September 2013) was a Ghanaian poet and author whose work combined the poetic traditions of his native Ewe people and contemporary and religious symbolism to depict Africa during decolonization. He started writing under the name George Awoonor-Williams,^[1] and was also published as Kofi Nyidevu Awoonor. He taught African literature at the University of Ghana. Professor Awoonor was among those who were killed in the September 2013 attack at Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi, Kenya, where he was a participant at the Storymoja Hay Festival.^[2][3][4]

Biography

George Kofi Nyidevu Awoonor-Williams was born in Wheta,^[5] in the Volta region of what was then the Gold Coast, present-day Ghana. He was the eldest of 10 children in the family.^[6] He was a paternal descendant of the Awoonor-Williams family of Sierra Leone Creole descent. He was educated at Achimota School and then proceeded to the University of Ghana, graduating in 1960.^[7] While at university he wrote his first poetry book, Rediscovery, published in 1964. Like the rest of his work, Rediscovery is rooted in African oral poetry. His early works were inspired by the singing and verse of his native Ewe people,^[3] and he later published translations of the work of three Ewe dirge singers (Guardians of the Sacred Word: Ewe Poetry, 1973).^[8] Awoonor managed the Ghana Film Corporation and helped to found the Ghana Playhouse, going on to have a significant role in developing theatre and drama in the country.^[5] He was also an editor of the literary journal Okyeame and an associate editor of Transition Magazine.^[7]

He studied literature at University College London (M.A., 1970),^[7] and while in England wrote several radio plays for the BBC. He spent the early 1970s in the United States, studying and teaching at Stony Brook University (then called SUNY at Stony Brook).^[9] While in the USA he wrote This Earth, My Brother and Night of My Blood, both books published in 1971.

Awoonor returned to Ghana in 1975 as head of the English department at the University of Cape Coast. Within months he was arrested for helping a soldier accused of trying to overthrow the military government and was imprisoned without trial; Awoonor was later released when his sentence was remitted in October 1976.^[7] The House by the Sea is about his time in jail. After imprisonment he became politically active. He continued to write mostly non-fiction.^[10]

Awoonor was Ghana's ambassador to Brazil from 1984 to 1988, before serving as his country's ambassador to Cuba.^[7] From 1990 to 1994 Awoonor was Ghana's Permanent Representative to the United Nations,^[11] where he headed the committee against apartheid.^[12] He was also a former Chairman of the Council of State,^[13] the main advisory body to the president of Ghana, serving in that position from 2009 to January 2013.^[5]

Death

On 21 September 2013, Awoonor was among those killed in an attack at the Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi. He was in Kenya as a participant in the Storymoja Hay Festival, a four-day celebration of writing, thinking and storytelling, at which he was due to perform on the evening of his death. His nephew Nii Parkes, who was attending the same literary festival, has written about meeting him for the first time that day.^[14] The Ghanaian government confirmed Awoonor's death the next day. His son Afetsi Awoonor who accompanied him was also shot, but was later discharged from hospital.^[3]

Awoonor's remains were flown from Nairobi to Accra, Ghana, on 25 September 2013.^[15]

His body was cremated and buried at a particular spot in his hometown at Keta in the Volta Region. Also there was no crying or mourning at his funeral all according to his will before death.^[16]

Works

Poetry

• Rediscovery and Other Poems (1964)
• Night of My Blood (1971) – poems that explore Awoonor's roots, and the impact of foreign rule in Africa^[10]
• The House By the Sea (1978)
• The Promise of Hope: New and Selected Poems (University of Nebraska Press and Amalion, 2014)^[17]

Novels

• This Earth, My Brother (1971) – a cross between a novel and a poem^[10]
• Comes the Voyager at Last (1992)

Non-fiction

• The Breast of the Earth: A Survey of the History, Culture, and Literature of Africa South of the Sahara (1975), Anchor Press, ISBN 0-385-07053-5
• Ghana: A Political History from Pre-European to Modern Times (1990)
• The African Predicament: Collected Essays (2006), Sub-Saharan Publishers, ISBN 9789988550820

Understanding and interpreting his works

It is said that Awoonor wrote a great number of his poems as if he was envisioning his own demise. But he is a peculiar and unique writer, one who strives, almost too hard, to bring his ancestry and culture into his poems, sometimes even borrowing words from the local Ewe dialect. Being such a strong and avid practitioner of the traditional religion meant that he was of a relict species. Especially for one so highly educated, it was an even rarer phenomenon. That awareness, not only that he was a relict specimen as an individual, but that the entire culture was suffering entropy, may have come through his poems in a manner that would suggest at first that he was writing about his mortal end. Besides the personal and cultural lament, Awoonor also shrewdly decried what he would have considered the decadent spectre of Western influences (religions, social organisation and economic philosophy) on the history and fortunes of African people in general. He would lambast the thoughtless exuberance with which Africans themselves embraced such things, and gradually engineered what he would have considered a self-degradation that went far beyond a loss of cultural identity. He would often construct his writings to look at these things through the lens of his own Ewe culture.

Further reading

• Robert Fraser, West African Poetry: A Critical History, Cambridge University Press (1986), ISBN 0-521-31223-X
• Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates (eds), Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, Basic Civitas Books (1999), ISBN 0-465-00071-1 – p. 153
• Lauret E. Savoy (ed.), Bedrock: Writers on the Wonders of Geology, Eldridge M. Moores, and Judith E. Moores (Trinity University Press, 2006).

References

External links

• Report on the death of Kofi Awoonor
• Paula Kahumbu of Princeton University and director of the Story Moja Hay Festival relates her time with Awoonor the Friday evening before his death
• Bio details, University of KwaZulu-Natal
• Interview, Sun newspaper (Nigeria), 18 June 2006
• Poem: Songs of Sorrow by Kofi Awoonor
• Francis Kwarteng, "A Tribute to Prof. Kofi Awoonor", VibeGhana, 23 September 2013.