Kirad al-Ghannama

Kirad al-Ghannama
Arabic كراد الغنامة
Subdistrict Safad
Palestine grid 205/269
Population 350[1][2] (1945)
Area 3,975[1] dunams
Date of depopulation April 22, 1948[3]
Cause(s) of depopulation Influence of nearby town's fall
Current localities Ayyelet ha-Shahar and Gadot

Kirad al-Ghannama was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 22, 1948, by the Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach. It was located 11 km northeast of Safad. Wadi Mushayrifa ran between the two Kirad villages (al-Ghannama and al-Baqqara) and Wadi Waqqas supplied the village with its water requirements. The village contained the following khirbas: Khirbat Nijmat al-Subh, Tall al-Qadah, and Tall al-Safa.

History

By the 1931 census Arab Ghannameh had 265 Muslims inhabitants, in a total of 54 houses.[4]

In 1945, its population was 350 Muslims,[2] and the total land area were 3,975 dunams.[1] Of this,77 dunams were for citrus and bananas, 20 dunams were irrigated or used for plantations, 3,451 for cereals,[5] while 64 dunams were classified as urban land.[6]

1948, aftermath

After the 1948 Palestine war, according to the armistice agreements of 1949 Between Israel and Syria, it was determined that a string of villages, including Al-Nuqayb Al-Hamma, Al-Samra in the Tiberias Subdistrict and Kirad al-Baqqara and Kirad al-Ghannama further north in the Safad Subdistrict, would be included the demilitarized zone (DMZ) between Israel and Syria. The villagers and their property were formally protected by Article V of the Israeli-Syrian agreement of 20 July that year.[7][8] However, Israel thought the villagers could pose a security threat, and Israeli settlers and settlement agencies coveted the land. Israel therefore wanted the Palestinian inhabitants, a total of 2,200 villagers, moved to Syria.[7]

In the spring of 1951, Israel decided to assert its sovereignty over the DMZ, including "the transfer of Arab civilians from the area.." On the night of the 30 March they forcibly transferred all the 800 inhabitants of Kirad al-Ghannama and Kirad al-Baqqara to Sha'ab.[9] A United Nations decision allowed the villagers to return, however, Israel pressured them to remain in Sha'ab. In spite of this, many of the villagers returned to their homes in the DMZ. In 1956 Israel expelled the two Khirad-villages again, and this time the sites were physically destroyed and ploughed over. Most of the villagers went to Syria, a few went back to Sha'ab.[10]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p.70
  2. 1 2 Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 10
  3. ↑ Morris, 2004, p. xvi, village #42. Also gives cause of depopulation. Morris notes that it was later resettled, followed by expulsion in 1956.
  4. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 106
  5. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p.119
  6. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 169
  7. 1 2 Morris, 2004, p. 512
  8. ↑ UN Doc S/1353 Syria Israel Armistice Agreement of 20 July 1949
  9. ↑ Morris, 1993, p. 362
  10. ↑ Morris, 1993, p.362, citing Burns, E. L. M., p.115-18 and Summary of meeting with Prime Minister (of Israel) 4 July 1951.

Bibliography

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