Kalyuka

Kalyuka (or Kolyuka, Russian: Калюка, Колюка) is a Russian and Ukrainian overtone flute, lacking playing holes. Traditionally, Kalyukas were made from hollow plant stems, such as Motherwort, or Angelica.^[1] Modern versions of the instrument are usually made from PVC an inexpensive and durable substitute.

The upper end of the Kalyuka is open, and although it has a built-in fipple^[2] to produce sound, a player should also partly close the opening of the tube with the tongue.^[3] The lower end of the tube is also open and occasionally there is a small side hole near the end. The side hole and/or end are opened and closed while playing to produce different notes (like the Slovak Koncovka). Higher tones are reached through over blowing.

In Eastern traditions, the Kalyuka was played on summer evenings after the hay harvest when the suitable weeds, cut with a scythe, were available to make one, and was accompanied by percussion instruments.^[4]

The existence of the tradition was uncovered in 1980 by students of the Moscow and St. Petersburg Conservatories.

Bibliography

• Ivanov A.N. Volshebnaia fleita yuzhnorusskogo folklora. Sokhranenie i vozrozhdenie folklornykh traditsyi. 2nd edition. Moscow, 1993.
• Banin A.A. Russkaia instrumentalnaia muzyka folklornoi traditsii. Moscow, 1997. (p.85)

References

Flutes and whistles
Side- blown	Bansuri Daegeum Dizi Fife Five-key flute Fue Kagurabue Komabue Minteki Nohkan Ryūteki Shinobue Yokobue Irish flute Koudi Sáo Simple system flute Tambin Venu Xindi Concert Piccolo Treble Soprano Concert Flûte d'amour Alto Bass Contra-alto Contrabass Subcontrabass Double contrabass Hyperbass
End- blown	Anasazi flute Danso Floghera Frilka Fue Hotchiku Shakuhachi Gudi Kaval Kōauau Ney Nose flute Kalaleng Nose whistle Pinkillu Qina Quray Sodina Sopilka Šupelka Svirel Washint Xiao Pan Kuvytsi Larchemi Nai Miskal Paixiao Siku Soinari Wot
Fipple	Atenteben Dentsivka Diple Dvoyanka Flabiol Flageolet Frula Fujara Hydraulophone Khloy Khlui Kuisi Low whistle Native American flute Organ pipe Salamuri Shvi Sjøfløyte Slide whistle Souravli Spilåpipa Stabule Tarka Tabor pipe Tin whistle Txistu Whistle Xirula Zuffolo Recorders Garklein Sopranino Soprano Alto Voice flute Tenor Bass Great bass Contrabass Sub-great bass Sub-contrabass Vessel Gemshorn Pifana Hun Molinukai Ocarina Tonette Xun
Overtone	Fujara Kalyuka Koncovka Willow flute
Other	Chinese folk flute music Flute repertory Tone hole Uakti Vertical flute