John Merbecke

John Marbeck, Merbeck or Merbecke (c. 1510 – c. 1585) was an English theological writer and musician who produced a standard setting of the Anglican liturgy. He is also known today for his setting of the Mass, Missa Per arma justitiae.

Life

Probably a native of Beverley in Yorkshire, Merbecke appears to have been a boy chorister at St. George's Chapel, Windsor, and was employed as an organist there from about 1541. Two years later he was convicted with four others of heresy and sentenced to be burnt at the stake, but received a pardon owing to the intervention of Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester.[1] An English Concordance of the Bible which Merbecke had been preparing at the suggestion of Richard Turner, was however confiscated and destroyed. A later version of this work, the first of its kind in English, was published in 1550 with a dedication to Edward VI.

In the same year, Merbecke published his Booke of Common Praier Noted, intended to provide for musical uniformity in the use of the First Prayer Book of Edward VI. This set the liturgy to semi-rhythmical melodies partly adapted from Gregorian chant; it was rendered obsolete when the Prayer Book was revised in 1552. Merbecke wrote several devotional and controversial works of a strongly Calvinistic character, and a number of his musical compositions are preserved in manuscript in the British Library, and at Oxford and Cambridge. He died, probably while still organist at Windsor, about 1585.

His son, Roger Marbeck (1536–1605), was a noted classical scholar and physician.

Legacy

In the first half of the 19th century, the Oxford Movement inspired renewed interest in liturgical music within the Church of England. John Jebb first drew attention to Merbecke's Prayer Book settings in 1841. In 1843, William Dyce published plainsong music for all the Anglican services, which included nearly all of Merbecke's settings, adapted for the 1662 edition of the Book of Common Prayer then in use. During the latter half of the 19th century, many different editions of Merbecke's settings were published, especially for the Communion service, with arrangements by noted musicians such as Sir John Stainer, Charles Villiers Stanford and Basil Harwood, Merbecke's Communion setting was very widely sung by choirs and congregations throughout the Anglican Communion until the 1662 Book of Common Prayer began to be supplanted by more modern liturgy in the late 20th century.[2] Parts of his service, notably the Nicene Creed, have been adapted to "modern" wording. His setting has also been adapted for the liturgy of many other denominations; the Roman Catholic Church used it for the new English language rite following the Second Vatican Council of 1962–65.[3]

His complete Latin Church music was recorded by The Cardinall's Musick under the direction of Andrew Carwood in 1996.

A voluntary choir for young men and women at Southwark Cathedral in London is named the Merbecke Choir in his honour,[4] because Merbecke's heresy trial had been partly held at the church in 1543.[5]

Liturgical Recognition and Notice

Merbecke is honoured, together with William Byrd and Thomas Tallis, with a feast day in the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (United States) on 21 November.

Notes

  1. ↑ Ford, David Nash (2009). Berkshire in the Reign of Henry VIII. Wokingham: Nash Ford Publishing.
  2. ↑ Charles Hefling and Cynthia Shattuck (editors), The Oxford Guide to The Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey, Oxford University Press 1988, ISBN 978-0-19-529756-0 (pp.42–43
  3. ↑ Hyun-Ah Kim, Humanism and the Reform of Sacred Music in Early Modern England, Ashgate Publishing Limited 2008, ISBN 978-0-7546-6268-6 (p.5)
  4. ↑ Merbecke Choir, Southwark Cathedral – Welcome
  5. ↑ William Thompson (Canon), Southwark Cathedral: The History And Antiquities Of The Cathedral Church Of St Saviour, (Reprouction) Nabu Press 2012, ISBN 978-1277524598 (pp.59–60)

References

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